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  EN 15037 Precast Concrete Products. Beam-and-block floor systems
Posted by: ir_71 - 12-14-2010, 04:02 AM - Forum: EN - No Replies

EN 15037 Precast Concrete Products. Beam-and-block floor systems

Author: CEN/TC 229 | Size: 4 MB | Format: PDF | Publisher: CEN | Year: 2008-2009 | pages: 250

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EN 15037-1:2008
Precast concrete products - Beam-and-block floor systems - Part 1: Beams
This European Standard deals with the requirements, the basic performance criteria and evaluation of conformity for precast beams made of reinforced or prestressed normal or lightweight concrete according to EN 1992-1-1:2004, with or without clay shell, used in conjunction with blocks in compliance with prEN 15037-2 or prEN 15037-3 or prEN 15037-4 or prEN 15037-5, with or without cast in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor and roof systems. Examples of typology of floor and roof systems are given in Annex B.
It is essential that the total depth of the beam be comprised between 60 mm and 300 mm and the beams be at centres of not more than 1,00 m.
For higher depth, it is essential that the precast concrete beams be in compliance with EN 13225.
The products covered by this standard are intended to be used as structural floor and roof systems, including parking areas for light vehicles corresponding to traffic category F of EN 1991-1-1:2002, which are not subjected to fatigue loading.
The products may be used in seismic areas provided they fulfil the requirements specific to this use.

EN 15037-2:2009
Precast concrete products - Beam-and-block floor systems - Part 2: Concrete blocks
This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria for blocks made in normal or lightweight aggregate concrete, used in conjunction with precast concrete beams in compliance with EN 15037-1, with or without cast-in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor and roof systems.
Examples of typology of floor and roof systems are given in Annex B of EN 15037-1:2007.

EN 15037-3:2009
Precast concrete products - Beam-and-block floor systems - Part 3: Clay blocks
This European Standard deals with the requirements and the basic performance criteria for blocks made in clay, used in conjunction with precast concrete beams in compliance with EN 15037-1, with or without cast-in-situ concrete for the construction of beam-and-block floor and roof systems.
Examples of typology of floor and roof systems are given in Annex B of EN 15037-1:2008.

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  Laboratory Methods for Determining Engineering Properties of Overconsolidated Clays
Posted by: tynhanh - 12-14-2010, 12:48 AM - Forum: Archive - No Replies

DeGroot, D.J. and T.C. Sheahan (1995). “Laboratory Methods for Determining Engineering Properties of Overconsolidated Clays,” Transportation Research Board, Transportation Research Record No. 1479, Engineering Properties and Practice in Overconsolidated Clays, pp. 17-25.

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  TCVN 5729-2007 and Highway − Specifications for design TCVN 4054 : 2005
Posted by: plngage - 12-14-2010, 12:38 AM - Forum: Archive - No Replies

Hi all...

Now I have design expressway in Can tho city of vietnam so should be used
main technical specification for expressway TCVN 5729-2007 and Highway − Specifications for design TCVN 4054 : 2005 but we cant study in vietnam language, please suggest me.

very appreciate

plngage

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  Effective Beam Width Coefficients for Equivalent Frame Analysis of Flat-Plate Structu
Posted by: yly8 - 12-14-2010, 12:33 AM - Forum: Archive - No Replies

hi to every one
does any one has this papers:
Banchik, C.A., "Effective Beam Width Coefficients for Equivalent Frame Analysis of Flat-Plate Structures", ME thesis, University of California at Berkeley, Calif., May 1987, 56pp

thanks indeed

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  Indian code IRC:6-2010
Posted by: drkol39 - 12-13-2010, 02:09 PM - Forum: Archive - Replies (3)

Dear Members,
Can anyone post Indian Code IRC:6-2010? It will be very helpful.
Thanks,

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  GUIDE FOR CURING OF PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT Vol 1 and Vol 2
Posted by: ir_71 - 12-13-2010, 10:24 AM - Forum: General Books - Replies (3)

Guide for Curing of Portland Cement Concrete Pavements, Volume I

Author: Toy S. Poole | Size: 0.63 MB | Format: PDF | Publisher: Federal Highway Administration | Year: 2005 | pages: 52

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This document provides guidance on details of concrete curing practice as they pertain to
construction of portland cement concrete pavements. The guide is organized around the major
events in curing pavements: curing immediately after placement (initial curing), curing during
the period after final finishing (final curing), and termination of curing and evaluation of
effectiveness of curing. Information is presented on selection of curing materials and
procedures, analysis of concrete properties and jobsite conditions, and on ways to adjust
curing practice to account for specific project conditions.

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  CS TR47: Durable Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges
Posted by: ir_71 - 12-13-2010, 10:09 AM - Forum: Concrete - No Replies

Concrete Society TR 47 Durable Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridges

Author: Concrete Society | Size: 4.0 MB | Format: PDF | Publisher: Concrete Society | Year: 1996 | pages: 70 | ISBN: 0946691 584

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Report of a Working Party of The Concrete Society in collaboration with the Concrete Bridge Development Group. This fully revised and updated edition provides bridge engineers with authoritative, practical guidance on designing, specifying and constructing durable post-tensioned concrete bridges. A multi-layer protection approach to durability of post-tensioned construction is presented. The standards and practices outlined in the core of the Report are a package of design, materials and construction measures. For prestressing, quality forms the basis of the recommendations. It links recommended design details, specifications for duct and grouting systems, and a quality assurance scheme for supply and installation of post-tensioning systems. The scope of this second edition has been extended to include; external unbonded prestressing remedial (void) grouting of existing bridges updated information on new test methods. 70pages.


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  Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering (Computational Methods in Applied Sc
Posted by: cace-01 - 12-13-2010, 09:25 AM - Forum: Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering - Replies (12)

Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering

Computational Methods in Applied Sciences - VOl : 21

Author: Manolis Papadrakakis, Michalis Fragiadakis, Nikos D. Lagaros | Size: ~16 MB | Format: PDF |
Publisher: Springer | Year: 2011 | pages: 600 | ISBN: 9400700520, 9789400700529

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This book provides an insight in advanced methods and concepts for structural analysis and design against seismic loading. The book consists of 25 chapters dealing with a wide range of timely issues in contemporary Earthquake Engineering. In brief, the topics covered are: collapse assessment, record selection, effect of soil conditions, problems in seismic design, protection of monuments, earth dam structures and liquid containers, numerical methods, lifetime assessment, post-earthquake measures.

A common ground of understanding is provided between the communities of Earth Sciences and Computational Mechanics towards mitigating seismic risk. The topic is of great social and scientific interest, due to the large number of scientists and practicing engineers currently working in the field and due to the great social and economic consequences of earthquakes
.

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  Durability of Strain-Hardening Fibre-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites (SHCC)
Posted by: ir_71 - 12-13-2010, 05:25 AM - Forum: Concrete - Replies (2)

Durability of Strain-Hardening Fibre-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites

Author: Van Zijl, G.P.A.G.; Wittmann, F.H. (Eds.) | Size: 3.8 MB | Format: PDF | Publisher: Springer | Year: 2010 |
pages: 978-94-007-0337-7 | ISBN: 978-94-007-0337-7

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Strain-Hardening Fibre-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) were named after their ability to resist increased tensile force after crack formation, over a significant tensile deformation range. The increased resistance is achieved through effective crack bridging by fibres, across multiple cracks of widths in the micro-range. Whether these small crack widths are maintained under sustained, cyclic or other load paths, and whether the crack width limitation translates into durability through retardation of ingress of moisture, gas and other deleterious matter, are scrutinized in this book by evaluation of test results from several laboratories internationally. The durability of SHCC under mechanical, chemical, thermal and combined actions is considered, both for the composite and the fibre types typically used in SHCC. The compilation of this state-of-the-art report has been an activity of the RILEM TC 208-HFC, Subcommittee 2: Durability, during the committee life 2005-2009.
Content Level » Research

Keywords » Fibre-reinforced - SHCC - Service Life - Strain-hardening cement-based composite - cement durability

Related subjects » Engineering - Structural Materials

Contents
ix
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1 1
Gideon P.A.G. van Zijl and Folker H. Wittmann
1.1 Strain-hardeningCement-based Composites (SHCC) . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Classification and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Fundamentals of Durability Design for SHCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Crack Control as Durability Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Report Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Durability under Mechanical Load – Micro-crack Formation
(Ductility) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Gideon P.A.G. van Zijl
2.1 Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Ductility as Compared with the Sum of Possibly Imposed Strains . 10
2.3 Average and Maximal Opening of Micro-cracks during
Strain-hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.1 CrackWidth Evolution with Tensile Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 Fibre Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.3 Fibre Bond Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.4 Influence of Matrix Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.5 Age at Loading, Curing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3.6 Crack Formation in Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4 Width ofMicro-cracks in Loaded and Unloaded Specimens . . . . . . 21
2.5 Influence of Crack Width of Micro-cracks on Permeability and
Capillary Suction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.5.1 Water Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5.2 Gas Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
v
Durability of Strain-hardening Fibre-reinforced Cement-based
Composites (SHCC) – State-of-the-art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi Contents
2.5.3 Chloride Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6 Sustained and Cyclic Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.7 Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.8 Abrasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.9 Self-healing ofMicro-cracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3 Durability under Chemical Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Byung H. Oh and Petr Kabele
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2 Chloride Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.1 Chloride Penetration: Corrosion Protection of
Reinforcement in Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.2 Effects onMicromechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.3 Self-healing and Effects on Performance in Uniaxial
Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3 Hydrolysis and Leaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.3.1 Effects on the Fibre-matrix Interfacial Transition Zone . . 47
3.3.2 Effects onMicromechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.4 Hot and Humid Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.5 Alkali Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.6 Resistance with Respect to SulphateAttack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.7 Alkali-aggregateReaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4 Durability under Thermal Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Romildo D. Toledo Filho, Eduardo M.R. Fairbairn, and Volker Slowik
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4.2 Behaviour at Elevated Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.3 Thermal Cracking at EarlyAge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.4 Frost Resistance and Action of De-icing Salts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.4.1 SHCC Freeze-thaw and De-icing Resistance as Tested
According to ASTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.4.2 SHCC Freeze-thaw and De-icing Resistance as Tested
with the RILEMTC-117 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.5 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5 Durability under Combined Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Folker H. Wittmann
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.2 Imposed Strain and Penetration of Aggressive Compounds. . . . . . . 75
5.3 Frost Action and Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.4 Hydrolysis and Ultimate Strain Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.5 Mechanical Load and Alkaline Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Contents vii
5.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6 Durability of Fibres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Atsuhisa Ogawa and Hideki Hoshiro
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.2 Typical Properties of Fibres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.3 Durability of PVA Fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.3.1 Accelerated Test in Alkaline Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.3.2 Accelerated Tests in Chemical Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.4 Durability of PVA Fibre-reinforced Cement-based Composites . . . 85
6.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7 Durability of Structural Elements and Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Viktor Mechtcherine and Frank Altmann
7.1 General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7.2 Characteristic Mechanical, Environmental, and Combined Loads . 90
7.3 Basics for the Durability Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.3.1 General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.3.2 Protection of Steel Reinforcement fromCorrosion . . . . . . 93
7.3.3 Durability of the SHCC Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.3.4 Fibre Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.3.5 Fibre-matrix Bond Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.4 Characteristic Material Properties to Predict Long-term
Durability and Service Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.4.1 General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.4.2 Transport Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.4.3 Strain Capacity of SHCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.4.4 Resistance of SHCC in Aggressive Environments . . . . . . . 100
7.4.5 Size Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7.5.1 General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7.5.2 Patch Repair of BridgeDeck;Michigan,USA. . . . . . . . . . 102
7.5.3 Surface Repair of RetainingWall; Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7.6 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
8 Durability, Economical, Ecological, and Social Aspects: Life-cycle
Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Michael D. Lepech
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
8.2 Life-cycle Impacts and Costs versus Initial Costs and Impacts of
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
8.3 RawMaterial Recycling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.4 Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
viii Contents
8.5 Conclusions and Future Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
KeyWords Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

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  Rank of users and options enabled
Posted by: datagap - 12-12-2010, 11:36 PM - Forum: Suggestion & Complains - Replies (5)

Dear moderators and Admin,

I think, there is  a necessity to be posted a list of options that are enabled only for registered users/vips/moderators when they post, use their CP, ect.

For example, I've found that I can't send private messages (probably, because of my rank?). I read that someone, also inactive, had tried to attach a file but he/she couldn't (because of the rank). Another one had inserted a hyperlink (such option exists) and received warning.

That's why, please, provide us with some more clearness about the dependence of the options enabled  on the rank of the user. I suppose, it will not cost you so much effort, but will be very useful to all - both inactive users and moderators. Knowing what we are allowed to do and what - not, we will not spend time in trying disabled options,  and reporting non-existing bugs. This will save your time too.

Excuse me, in the case that all this is somewhere explained. I read the rules, I searched by key words, but I could't find.

Thank you in advance,
Regards

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