Many parking structures, especially in northern climates or coastal areas where salt spray may occur, are subject to environments in which the concrete members are exposed to moisture, chlorides, and other deleterious materials. This can lead to corrosion of embedded reinforcement, concrete deterioration, and damage to the structure and contents within. Providing protective water-repellent and waterproofing systems is designed to stop the ingress of moisture, chlorides, and other deleterious materials; reduce the rate of corrosion-related deterioration; and extend the service life of the structure. There are several types of topically applied protective systems or materials that are commonly available, including coatings, protective treatments, and sealants.
Traffic-bearing waterproofing membrane systems (traffic coatings) are commonly used in parking structures to provide protection against intrusion of moisture, chlorides, and other deleterious materials. They are typically impermeable and elastomeric, allowing the coating to accommodate movement of the concrete element that has been coated. Less common coatings, not covered in this TechNote, include asphaltic overlay membrane systems and other membrane systems with noncomposite overlays. Although there are other waterproofing solutions, this TechNote will focus on the most commonly used traffic coatings, comprising of flexible polymer-based components. In addition to material selection considerations, surface preparation and quality assurance testing requirements should be specified based on structure and site considerations.
This guide presents information on the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in portland cement concrete. The demolition, removal, and processing procedures of turning hardened concrete structures into RCA are introduced. A detailed summary of various characteristics of RCA in comparison to virgin aggregate is presented. Different fresh properties, mechanical properties, and durability considerations of RCA concrete are subsequently discussed. Fifteen case studies on the use of RCA concrete in pavements and other structures are presented at the end of the guide.
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This report presents insights related to the understanding of a workable concrete for a given application, and consists of four main parts: 1) definitions related to rheology and workability; 2) critical review of the tests available to measure different aspects of workability and rheological performance of fresh concrete; 3) discussion of the factors affecting the performance of fresh concrete; and 4) examples that illustrate the application of rheology and material science to predict or improve the performance of fresh concrete in the field.
Adequate workability can range from no flow (zero-slump) to liquid flow-like (self-consolidating concrete), depending on the application.
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We ask a lot of our future homes and the architects that design them.
Over time, innovative domestic design has taken many forms. Different eras, shaped by specific needs, challenges and opportunities, have given their own interpretation of this most essential of buildings - the home - defining what it could look like, what it might signify and how it should function.
Today, new challenges have emerged within this dynamic landscape, including climate change, the pursuit of diversity and equity across society and the role of emerging technologies, such as AI. The needs of today - and therefore the house of tomorrow - require human-centric and context-responsive solutions, grounded in resilience and responsibility, without compromising on visual appeal and aspiration.
Future Homes showcases diverse, cutting-edge case studies of homes that both address issues of our times and look stunning while doing it. As well as an inspirational showcase of architecture that leads the way into the future, the designs offer valuable insights into how we can find balance and refuge in a rapidly changing and volatile world.
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Insights from leading practices: ao-ft, Archio, Architecture for London, Fernanda Canales, Gbolade Design Studio, Knox Bhavan, Omar Ghandi, Shahira Fahmy, State of Kin, Studio Bark and Worofila.
Rich, full-colour photography, drawings and plans throughout.
Published Code : ESDU 21004
Code Title: The Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Data Using the Weibull Distribution
Published By : ESDU
Publication Date : 2021-07
Pages Count : 51
Language : English
File Size : 1.2 MB
ISBN : 9781862468641
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Description:
ESDU 20014 presents methods of using statistical analyses to interpret fatigue data and to predict the life of a component subject to fatigue. In this Data Item, an introduction to continuous distributions is given including an overview of probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions, the reliability function and the hazard rate function. A brief overview to the normal distribution and the log normal distribution is also provided for reference. The statistical analysis of fatigue life data using the Weibull distribution is considered in detail in this Data Item. An examination of reliability theory, the influence of the Weibull parameters on the distribution, the various sources of uncertainty and the use of confidence bounds when interpreting the data are given. The Weibull weakest-link probability theory and its use for analysing the size effect is discussed. The introduction to analytical and computational methods that are used to plot, examine and compare fatigue data using the Weibull distribution are outlined and two fully worked examples are provided. The analytical and computational methods that are used to plot, examine and compare fatigue data using the Weibull distribution are outlined, and two fully worked examples are provided.
This guide presents recommendations for producing cast-in-place architectural concrete. The importance of specified materials, forming, concrete placement, curing, additional treatment, inspection, and their effect on the appearance of the finished product are discussed. Architectural concrete requires special construction techniques, materials, and requirements that are unique to each project. The specific recommendations and information presented in this guide should be used accordingly.
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