FIELD GUIDE TO CONCRETE REPAIR APPLICATION PROCEDURES
Concrete Repair by Low-Velocity Spraying
Low-velocity spray mortars can be used for structural or non-structural repairs based on the design. Low-velocity sprayed concrete repair materials are prepackaged mortars applied using purpose-built mortar pumps or small concrete pumps that force the mixed, low-slump mortar through a hose to the nozzle where air is added to accelerate and expel the mortar. This document reviews when to use this repair method, how to prepare the surface, material selection, equipment used, and safety considerations.
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Field Guide to Concrete Repair Application Procedures
Crack Repair by Gravity Feed with Resin
This topical application for crack repair uses a thin polymer resin to fill the crack. Penetrating by gravity alone, the resin fills the crack and forms a polymer plug that seals out water, salts, and other aggressive elements. In some cases, a structural repair of the crack can be achieved. Before any concrete is repaired, the cause of the damage must be assessed and the objective of the repair must be
understood.
Typical causes of concrete cracking include steel corrosion, freezing and thawing, sulfate attack, and alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR). Poor practices during the original construction can cause excessive shrinkage or settlement in the structure. Improper joint spacing and load imbalances also contribute to cracking.
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Field Guide to Concrete Repair Application Procedures
Structural Crack Repair by Epoxy Injection
Certain things in life are inevitable. Some are said to include death, taxes, and concrete cracks! The latter is subject to volumes of literature on causes and cures. Some of the more typical causes for concrete cracking include:
- Drying shrinkage;
- Thermal contraction or expansion;
- Settlement;
- Lack of appropriate control joints;
- Overload conditions that produce flexural, tensile, or shear cracks in concrete;
- Restraint of movement;
One of the potentially effective repair procedures is to inject epoxy under pressure into the cracks. The injection procedure will vary, subject to the application and location of the crack(s), with horizontal, vertical, and overhead cracks requiring somewhat different approaches. The approach used must also consider accessibility to the cracked surface and the size of the crack.
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This design example, “Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Column Interaction Diagram Example,” works through the procedure to draw an interaction diagram for a 16 x 12 in. nonslender tied column reinforced with six No. 8 vertical bars and No. 3 ties at 12 in. on center bending around its x-axis. The example follows the provisions of ACI 318-19, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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The design example, Evaluation of Concrete Cores Test Results According to ACI 318-19, works through three case studies in which the field engineer must evaluate the concrete core strength results provided by a testing laboratory. The example follows the provisions of ACI 318-19, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.” Additionally, discussion of the assumptions needed to evaluate concrete compressive strength test results and references are provided.
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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The design example, “Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Shear Strengthening,” works through calculations for a one way slab with an interior beam that requires shear strengthening. The example follows the provisions of ACI CODE 318-19, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.”
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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The design example, “Design a Concrete Floor System using the Pan and Joist System,” works through calculations for a pan and joist floor system following the provisions of ACI CODE 318-14, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.”
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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The design example, “Slender Reinforced Concrete Wall Design—Solid Wall with Out-of-Plane Loading Due to Wind,” works through calculations for a wall design following the provisions of ACI CODE 318-19, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.”
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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The design example, “Buried Concrete Basement Wall Design,” details strength design (durability and other considerations not included) for a new buried concrete basement wall in a single-story masonry building. The example follows the provisions of ACI 318-19, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary.” Throughout the example, discussion of the “in practice” decisions/situations the designer may encounter are included. Additionally, at the conclusion of the problem some “what-ifs” are evaluated.
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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The design example, “Acceptance of Concrete Compressive Strength Test Results,” works through a project situation in which the field engineer must evaluate the compressive strength results provided by a testing laboratory. The example follows the provisions of ACI 318-19, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
Additionally, discussion of the assumptions needed to evaluate concrete compressive strength test results, resolution to the project data provided, and references are provided.
ACI Committee E702, “Designing Concrete Structures Committee,” is part of the ACI Educational Committee structure. Their mission is to develop educational programs and instructional materials within the area of design. The committee has developed various design examples to illustrate the use of various ACI documents. These examples provide step-by-step calculations with references to applicable code provisions for common member design problems, and may also include calculations for common concrete testing procedures, field data analysis, or evaluations.
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