Posted by: ir_71 - 12-12-2011, 09:11 AM - Forum: General Books
- No Replies
Predictive and Optimised Life Cycle Management: Buildings and Infrastructure
Author: Edited by Asko Sarja | Size: 6.5 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: Routledge | Year: 2006 | pages: 688 | ISBN: 0415353939
Predictive and Optimised Life-Cycle Management sets out methodologies to meet the demands of the current trend towards sustainable civil engineering and building.
Encompassing all aspects of construction practice, from design through to demolition and the recycling of materials, Sarja provides tools for optimal property-value protection, including a description of an integrated and predictive Life-Cycle Maintenance and Management Planning System (LMS), which employs a wide range of techniques.
Clear and practical, this guide provides effective methodology required to change a reactive system of management to a predictive one, which will benefit practitioners and students involved in construction, from the architect to local and government authorities; from design engineers to facility managers.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Adhesive bonding is increasingly regarded as a cost effective and effectual way to join mechanical structures. This book reviews recent improvements in adhesive bonding and their wide-ranging potential in structural engineering. Part one discusses methods for selecting the correct adhesive. The second set of chapters discusses the various types of adherents. A third set of chapters analyses methods and techniques for joint design. The final chapters give useful and practical insight into the problems and solutions of adhesive bonding in a variety of hostile environments such as chemical, wet, and extreme temperatures.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
*DIN 4014-1 (1975-08)
Bored Piles Of Conventional Type; Manufacture, Design And Permissible Loading
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Cumulative damage of welded joints >> By T R Gurney, formerly TWI, UK
Author: T R Gurney, formerly TWI, UK | Size: 3.3 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Limited | Year: August 2006 | pages: 457 | ISBN: ISBN 1 85573 938 0 ISBN-13: 978 1 85573 938 3
- covers the wealth of research in the field of fatigue strength and its role in the design and manufacture of welded components
- invaluable reference source for welding engineers, supervisors, inspection personnel and designers
Fatigue is a mechanism of failure which involves the formation and growth of cracks under the action of repeated stresses. Ultimately, a crack may propagate to such an extent that total fracture of the member may occur. To avoid fatigue it is essential to design the structure with inherent fatigue strength. However, fatigue strength for variable amplitude loading is not a constant material property and any calculations are necessarily built on a number of assumptions. Cumulative damage of welded joints explores the wealth of research in this important field and its implications for the design and manufacture of welded components.
After an Introduction, chapter two introduces the constant amplitude database, which contains results obtained in test conditions and which forms the basis of the basic S-N curves for various types of joint. Chapter three discusses the influence of residual stresses which can have a marked effect on fatigue behaviour. Chapter four explores variable amplitude loading and the problem of how information from laboratory tests, obtained under constant amplitude conditions, can be applied to the design of structures for service conditions. This problem is further investigated in the next chapter which is devoted to two and three level load testing. Chapters six, seven and eight look at the influence that the variety of variable loading spectra can have on fatigue strength, whether narrow or wide band loading or cycles of small stress range. Taking all of this knowledge, chapter nine discusses structure designs.
Cumulative damage of welded joints is a comprehensive source of invaluable information for welding engineers, supervisors, inspection personnel and designers. It will also be of great interest for academics working in the fields of structural and mechanical engineering.
About the author
Dr Gurney worked at TWI (formerly the British Welding Research Association) for over thirty years, during which time his primary interest was in the fatigue of welded structures. He has written or co-authored over fifty papers throughout his career.
Contents
Introduction
- Background
- Characteristics of fatigue cracking
- Fatigue testing
- The S-N curve and fatigue strength
- Fracture mechanics assessment of constant amplitude fatigue behaviour
The constant amplitude database
- Introduction
- Method of analysis and joint design classification: Continuous longitudinal welds, intermittent longitudinal fillet welds
- Transverse butt welds: Transverse butt welds on a permanent backing bar, cruciform joints, stud shear connectors, fillet welded joints, beams with welded flange cover plates, longitudinal gusset on a plate edge
- Influence of plate thickness
- Influence of mean stress: Transverse butt welds, Fillet welded joints
Residual stresses
- Introduction
- The formation of residual stresses
- Comparison between static and fatigue conditions
- Approximate theoretical analysis
- Tests on welded specimens under constant amplitude loading
- Prior overloading
Variable amplitude loading and testing
- Introduction
- Variable amplitude loading
- Rainflow counting
- Reservoir counting
- Level-crossing counting
- Statistical interpretation of count data
- Miner’s rule
- Variable amplitude fatigue testing; a brief history: block programme loading, random order loading, narrow band loading, wide band loading, superimposed sine waves, summary of early test results
Tests under two and three level loading
- Introduction
- Theoretical analysis: stress sequences with a single size of excursion, stress sequences with excursions of two sizes, general case; the area rule
- Fatigue tests using stress sequences with excursions of two sizes
- Influence of stress ratio and residual stresses
- Summary of findings
The influence of spectrum shape and block length
- Introduction
- Fatigue tests under concave upwards spectra
- Fatigue tests under Rayleigh and Laplace loading spectra
- Tests under Weibull stress spectra
- Influence of spectrum shape and clipping ratio combined
- Influence of block length and clipping ratio combined
- Influence of block length and spectrum shape combined
- Summary
The influence of narrow and wide band loading
- Introduction
- Comparing loading types
- Tests under narrow band loading
- Tests under wide band loading
- Tests under service loading spectra
- Summary
The influence of cycles of small stress range
- Introduction
- Block testing of low stresses
- Comparative tests on stress relieved joints
- Predicting fatigue life
- Summary
Design for variable amplitude loading
- Introduction
- Testing for different types of stress
- The area rule
- Possible modifications to Miner’s rule
- The fracture mechanics approach
More on the fracture mechanics approach – the effect of stress interaction
- Introduction
- Summary of experimental evidence about stress interaction effects: Type 1 loading, type 2 loading, type 3 loading, type 4 loading, type 5 and 6 loading, type 7 and 8 loading, type 9 loading, types 10 and 11 loading
- Summary of loading effects
- Discussion
- Concluding remarks
Appendices
- A) Statistical analysis of constant amplitude test data, References used in compiling the British fatigue design S-N curves
- B) Fatigue loading spectra
- C) Summary of test results obtained under variable amplitude loading
- D) Probability density curves
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Glass is increasingly being used as a structural material in new buildings. The structural envelope may consist either entirely or partially of glass, and this trend to eschew traditional materials such as brick and concrete for steel-framed, glass clad buildings presents inherent problems. A major issue is the performance of glazing during earthquakes and extreme climatic events, such as windstorms and heavy snow loads. This authoritative book reviews the current state-of-the art in glass and glazing technology to resist failure due to these natural events.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
BS 5422:2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range -40°C to +700°C
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Press fittings are becoming more widely used in plumbing, heating and chilled water installations. BS 8537 will help manufacturers, suppliers or specifiers of copper tube fittings adapt to the increasing demand and ensure their products are suitable for use.
Specifying to BS 8537 will help manufacturers of press fittings find wider acceptance of press fittings in the UK market. Consultants often prefer to quote compliance to the standard so they remain independent from endorsing a manufacturer’s product. Pipe fittings conforming to BS 8537 are more likely to be referenced in contracts.
BS 8537 is the British Standard that specifies requirements for materials and design of press fit copper fittings intended to carry water or gas. Press fittings (also known as crimp fittings) are crimped, by the closure of a special jaw within a press machine, on to a tube. The crimping process mechanically locks a fitting on to a tube and presses a sealing ring within the fitting against the surface of a tube to make a seal between them.
Press fittings are quick to install and unlike solder fittings do not require the use of heat/blow torch to make a joint.
Who is BS 8537 for?
Fitting manufacturers in the UK, Europe and the Far East
Procurers of press fittings
Construction industry consulting engineers
Construction and engineering consultants
Mechanical service contractors
Local authorities.
BS 8537 gives methods of test for copper press end connections of plumbing fittings up to 108 mm in diameter, used for the purpose of joining copper tubes conforming to BS EN 1057 and non-copper metallic tubes that are intended for use in hot and cold water, heating and cooling systems, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas systems.
BS 8537 is related to parts of the BS EN 1254 Copper and copper alloys. Plumbing fittings series of standards for copper and copper alloy fittings for joining metallic tubes or plastics pipes. BS EN 1254 is published in five parts:
Part 1: Fittings with ends for capillary soldering or capillary brazing to copper tubes
Part 2: Fittings with compression ends for use with copper tubes
Part 3: Fittings with compression ends for use with plastics pipes
Part 4: Fittings combining other end connections with capillary or compression ends
Part 5: Fittings with short ends for capillary brazing to copper tubes
Contents of BS 8537 include:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Operating temperatures and pressures
Plumbing fitting press end and tube compatibility
Plumbing fittings
Evaluation of plumbing fittings
Type tests
Routine tests
Designation
Permanent and durable marking
Documentation
Copper and copper alloys commonly used for the manufacture of plumbing fitting press ends
Method for testing the leaktightness of joints and tube under internal hydrostatic pressure
Method for testing leaktightness of joints and tube under internal pneumatic pressure
Method for testing resistance to pull-out
Test method for resistance of plumbing fittings with Type 1 press ends to temperature cycling
Test method for the resistance of joints to working temperature
Method for testing the resistance of joints with tubes to pressure cycling
Test method for the leaktightness of joints with tube under vacuum
Test method for the resistance of joints and tube to vibration
I.4.3.2.1 Carry out a test for leaktightness under internal pneumatic pressure in accordance with 8.4.1.2
Test method for the resistance of joints to static flexural strength for plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends
Test method for the resistance of joints to static flexural strength for plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends
Test method for the resistance of joints on plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends to high temperature
Pressure test for plumbing fittings bodies with as-cast microstructure or fabricated by welding or brazing
Determination of mean depth of dezincification
Bibliography
Arrangement of apparatus for leaktightness under internal hydrostatic pressure test
Assembled test sample and apparatus for leaktightness under internal pneumatic pressure test
Test assembly for resistance to pull-out test
Test assembly for systems based on tubes measuring ≤54 mm
Test assembly for systems based on tubes measuring 66.7 mm to 108 mm 28
Cycle times
Typical test arrangement for testing the resistance of joints with a tube to pressure cycling
Typical test assembly
Test assembly for a vibration test
Typical test assembly for testing the resistance of joints of plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends to static flexural strength
Test assembly for testing the resistance of plumbing fittings to high temperature
Typical arrangement of apparatus and test sample for an internal pressure test of plumbing fitting bodies with as-cast microstructure or fabricated by welding or brazing
Example of contiguous fields
List of tables
Operating temperatures and pressures for Type 1 and Type 2 press ends
Minimum wall thicknesses of copper tube with R250/R290 temper conforming to BS EN 1057 and suitable for press end jointing
Minimum bore diameter
Tests for plumbing fittings with Type 1 and Type 2 press ends
Temperature cycling parameters for water applications
Vibration test parameters
Examples of copper and copper alloys commonly used for plumbing fittings
Tensile force
Bending force
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
BS 6644:2011 Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas-fired hot water boilers of rated inputs between 70 kW (net) and 1.8 MW (net) (2nd and 3rd family gases)
BS 6644:2011 specifies requirements for the installation, including design, inspection, commissioning and maintenance, of gas-fired hot water boilers of net rated heat inputs exceeding 70 kW but not exceeding a net heat input of 1.8 MW. Groups of boilers with individual net heat inputs of 70 kW or less, but with aggregate net heat inputs in excess of 70 kW, are also covered.
BS 6644:2011 is applicable to the installation of boilers that are designed to utilize normally distributed gases of Group H of the second family (e.g. natural gas), and gases of Group P (e.g. propane) and Group B (e.g. butane) of the third family. For the purposes of this installation standard, LPG/air mixtures are regarded as third family gases.
This British Standard is applicable to the installation of the following gas-fired hot water boilers:
Boilers supplied as a complete assembly and conforming to BS EN 656 or
BS 5978 (all parts)
Boilers supplied as a complete assembly and used in multiple boiler installations where the total net heat input exceeds 70 kW and conforming to BS EN 297, BS EN 483 or BS EN 677
Boilers and burners delivered separately and assembled on site, comprising:
- a boiler shell conforming to BS EN 303-1, BS EN 12952 (all parts),
BS EN 12953 (all parts), BS 779, BS 855 or BS 2790
- a burner conforming to BS EN 676
- an assembly conforming to BS EN 303-3 or BS 5987-1 and BS 5978-3.
This is a full revision of the standard and introduces the following principal changes:
System requirements in accordance with BS EN 12828 have been added
Details on condensing appliances and condensate removal have been added
The appliance classification types have been updated.
Contents for BS 6644:2011 includes:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Competence and design considerations
Selection of boiler, materials and components
Installation
Inspection, commissioning and servicing
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
BS 6798:2009 specifies requirements for the selection, installation, inspection, commissioning and maintenance of gas‑fired boilers for central heating and other purposes, which have a total rated heat input not exceeding 70 kW, based on net calorific value. This includes cookers with integral boilers used to provide central heating.
It applies to boilers utilizing 1st, 2nd or 3rd family gases designed to operate in the condensing or non‑condensing mode for the heating of domestic dwellings or domestic dwellings in commercial premises by the circulation of heated water in open or closed systems. It applies both to boilers which carry a CE mark and also to previously used boilers which do not carry the CE mark.
BS 6798 gives recommendations on:
Selection of equipment and pre‑installation
Installation
Post‑installation.
In line with BS 5440-1 , this revision has acknowledged that European work on chimney standards has brought about the need in British
Standards to redefine chimney concepts and adopt common terminology consistent with the range of products used across the whole European community where a chimney is treated as a structure containing a flue (the passageway) and might include a liner (inner wall), insulation and an outer wall. The common terminology in UK industry, which has regarded a chimney as a masonry structure generally associated with solid fuel appliances, has been superseded.
BS 6798:2009 supersedes BS 6798:2000, which is withdrawn.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
![[Image: 30252118039816913551.jpg]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/30252118039816913551.jpg)
![[Image: info.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/icon/info.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: Download.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/icon/Download.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: 26436867862114273454.jpg]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/26436867862114273454.jpg)
![[Image: 00508932950562744859.jpg]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/00508932950562744859.jpg)
![[Image: 30142348921918976615.jpg]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/30142348921918976615.jpg)
![[Image: 29014610450023847449.jpg]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/29014610450023847449.jpg)
![[Image: 06204131953815312910.png]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/06204131953815312910.png)
![[Image: password.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/icon/password.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: 27801517869443991090.png]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/27801517869443991090.png)
![[Image: 96713583601757487506.png]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/96713583601757487506.png)
![[Image: 78459196633348494979.png]](http://pic.civilea.com/images/78459196633348494979.png)