Glass is increasingly being used as a structural material in new buildings. The structural envelope may consist either entirely or partially of glass, and this trend to eschew traditional materials such as brick and concrete for steel-framed, glass clad buildings presents inherent problems. A major issue is the performance of glazing during earthquakes and extreme climatic events, such as windstorms and heavy snow loads. This authoritative book reviews the current state-of-the art in glass and glazing technology to resist failure due to these natural events.
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BS 5422:2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes, tanks, vessels, ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range -40°C to +700°C
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Press fittings are becoming more widely used in plumbing, heating and chilled water installations. BS 8537 will help manufacturers, suppliers or specifiers of copper tube fittings adapt to the increasing demand and ensure their products are suitable for use.
Specifying to BS 8537 will help manufacturers of press fittings find wider acceptance of press fittings in the UK market. Consultants often prefer to quote compliance to the standard so they remain independent from endorsing a manufacturer’s product. Pipe fittings conforming to BS 8537 are more likely to be referenced in contracts.
BS 8537 is the British Standard that specifies requirements for materials and design of press fit copper fittings intended to carry water or gas. Press fittings (also known as crimp fittings) are crimped, by the closure of a special jaw within a press machine, on to a tube. The crimping process mechanically locks a fitting on to a tube and presses a sealing ring within the fitting against the surface of a tube to make a seal between them.
Press fittings are quick to install and unlike solder fittings do not require the use of heat/blow torch to make a joint.
Who is BS 8537 for?
Fitting manufacturers in the UK, Europe and the Far East
Procurers of press fittings
Construction industry consulting engineers
Construction and engineering consultants
Mechanical service contractors
Local authorities.
BS 8537 gives methods of test for copper press end connections of plumbing fittings up to 108 mm in diameter, used for the purpose of joining copper tubes conforming to BS EN 1057 and non-copper metallic tubes that are intended for use in hot and cold water, heating and cooling systems, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas systems.
BS 8537 is related to parts of the BS EN 1254 Copper and copper alloys. Plumbing fittings series of standards for copper and copper alloy fittings for joining metallic tubes or plastics pipes. BS EN 1254 is published in five parts:
Part 1: Fittings with ends for capillary soldering or capillary brazing to copper tubes
Part 2: Fittings with compression ends for use with copper tubes
Part 3: Fittings with compression ends for use with plastics pipes
Part 4: Fittings combining other end connections with capillary or compression ends
Part 5: Fittings with short ends for capillary brazing to copper tubes
Contents of BS 8537 include:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Operating temperatures and pressures
Plumbing fitting press end and tube compatibility
Plumbing fittings
Evaluation of plumbing fittings
Type tests
Routine tests
Designation
Permanent and durable marking
Documentation
Copper and copper alloys commonly used for the manufacture of plumbing fitting press ends
Method for testing the leaktightness of joints and tube under internal hydrostatic pressure
Method for testing leaktightness of joints and tube under internal pneumatic pressure
Method for testing resistance to pull-out
Test method for resistance of plumbing fittings with Type 1 press ends to temperature cycling
Test method for the resistance of joints to working temperature
Method for testing the resistance of joints with tubes to pressure cycling
Test method for the leaktightness of joints with tube under vacuum
Test method for the resistance of joints and tube to vibration
I.4.3.2.1 Carry out a test for leaktightness under internal pneumatic pressure in accordance with 8.4.1.2
Test method for the resistance of joints to static flexural strength for plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends
Test method for the resistance of joints to static flexural strength for plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends
Test method for the resistance of joints on plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends to high temperature
Pressure test for plumbing fittings bodies with as-cast microstructure or fabricated by welding or brazing
Determination of mean depth of dezincification
Bibliography
Arrangement of apparatus for leaktightness under internal hydrostatic pressure test
Assembled test sample and apparatus for leaktightness under internal pneumatic pressure test
Test assembly for resistance to pull-out test
Test assembly for systems based on tubes measuring ≤54 mm
Test assembly for systems based on tubes measuring 66.7 mm to 108 mm 28
Cycle times
Typical test arrangement for testing the resistance of joints with a tube to pressure cycling
Typical test assembly
Test assembly for a vibration test
Typical test assembly for testing the resistance of joints of plumbing fittings with Type 2 press ends to static flexural strength
Test assembly for testing the resistance of plumbing fittings to high temperature
Typical arrangement of apparatus and test sample for an internal pressure test of plumbing fitting bodies with as-cast microstructure or fabricated by welding or brazing
Example of contiguous fields
List of tables
Operating temperatures and pressures for Type 1 and Type 2 press ends
Minimum wall thicknesses of copper tube with R250/R290 temper conforming to BS EN 1057 and suitable for press end jointing
Minimum bore diameter
Tests for plumbing fittings with Type 1 and Type 2 press ends
Temperature cycling parameters for water applications
Vibration test parameters
Examples of copper and copper alloys commonly used for plumbing fittings
Tensile force
Bending force
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BS 6644:2011 Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas-fired hot water boilers of rated inputs between 70 kW (net) and 1.8 MW (net) (2nd and 3rd family gases)
BS 6644:2011 specifies requirements for the installation, including design, inspection, commissioning and maintenance, of gas-fired hot water boilers of net rated heat inputs exceeding 70 kW but not exceeding a net heat input of 1.8 MW. Groups of boilers with individual net heat inputs of 70 kW or less, but with aggregate net heat inputs in excess of 70 kW, are also covered.
BS 6644:2011 is applicable to the installation of boilers that are designed to utilize normally distributed gases of Group H of the second family (e.g. natural gas), and gases of Group P (e.g. propane) and Group B (e.g. butane) of the third family. For the purposes of this installation standard, LPG/air mixtures are regarded as third family gases.
This British Standard is applicable to the installation of the following gas-fired hot water boilers:
Boilers supplied as a complete assembly and conforming to BS EN 656 or
BS 5978 (all parts)
Boilers supplied as a complete assembly and used in multiple boiler installations where the total net heat input exceeds 70 kW and conforming to BS EN 297, BS EN 483 or BS EN 677
Boilers and burners delivered separately and assembled on site, comprising:
- a boiler shell conforming to BS EN 303-1, BS EN 12952 (all parts),
BS EN 12953 (all parts), BS 779, BS 855 or BS 2790
- a burner conforming to BS EN 676
- an assembly conforming to BS EN 303-3 or BS 5987-1 and BS 5978-3.
This is a full revision of the standard and introduces the following principal changes:
System requirements in accordance with BS EN 12828 have been added
Details on condensing appliances and condensate removal have been added
The appliance classification types have been updated.
Contents for BS 6644:2011 includes:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Competence and design considerations
Selection of boiler, materials and components
Installation
Inspection, commissioning and servicing
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BS 6798:2009 specifies requirements for the selection, installation, inspection, commissioning and maintenance of gas‑fired boilers for central heating and other purposes, which have a total rated heat input not exceeding 70 kW, based on net calorific value. This includes cookers with integral boilers used to provide central heating.
It applies to boilers utilizing 1st, 2nd or 3rd family gases designed to operate in the condensing or non‑condensing mode for the heating of domestic dwellings or domestic dwellings in commercial premises by the circulation of heated water in open or closed systems. It applies both to boilers which carry a CE mark and also to previously used boilers which do not carry the CE mark.
BS 6798 gives recommendations on:
Selection of equipment and pre‑installation
Installation
Post‑installation.
In line with BS 5440-1 , this revision has acknowledged that European work on chimney standards has brought about the need in British
Standards to redefine chimney concepts and adopt common terminology consistent with the range of products used across the whole European community where a chimney is treated as a structure containing a flue (the passageway) and might include a liner (inner wall), insulation and an outer wall. The common terminology in UK industry, which has regarded a chimney as a masonry structure generally associated with solid fuel appliances, has been superseded.
BS 6798:2009 supersedes BS 6798:2000, which is withdrawn.
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BS 6173:2009 Specification for installation and maintenance of gas-fired catering appliances for use in all types of catering establishments (2nd and 3rd family gases)
BS 6173:2009 Specification for installation and maintenance of gas-fired catering appliances for use in all types of catering establishments (2nd and 3rd family gases)
BS 6173 is a key standard for all gas installers.
BS 6173 specifies requirements for the installation, servicing and maintenance of new and previously-used gas-fired catering appliances used in catering establishments, burning 2nd or 3rd family gases.
The main changes to the standard include updates to installation practice and legislation.
BS 6173 does not apply to LPG catering installations where appliances are sited temporarily in the open air, marquees or tents, or to LPG installations in mobile catering vehicles.
BS 6173 does apply to the installation of typical domestic cookers or leisure appliances such as barbecues when installed in commercial catering sites or establishments. It is not intended to apply to primarily domestic premises, e.g. those supplying a small number of clients on a “bed and breakfast” basis. However, the general rules for hygiene and personal safety should be applied. It covers a wide range of appliances, such as cookers, fish and chip frying ranges, fryers, ovens, café boilers and urns, bain-marie units, tandoori ovens, kebab grills and barbecues.
BS 6173:2009 replaces BS 6173:2001, which is now withdrawn.
Contents of BS 6173:
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Consultation and design of the installation
5 Competence
6 Pre-installation checks
7 Installation of gas appliances and associated services
8 Final gas appliance connections
9 Electrical connections
10 Water connections and drainage
11 Ventilation
12 Safety precautions
13 Commissioning
14 Maintenance of gas-fired appliances
Bibliography
List of figures
Figure 1 – Guidance on installation of flexible connection
List of tables
Table 1 – Registration and approval bodies by country/territory
Table 2 – Competence requirements by country/territory
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Buildings, Water supply and waste systems (building, Water supply (buildings), Potable water, Pipes, Pipelines, Water, Cold-water supply systems, Hot-water supply systems, Installation, Pipework systems, Pipe fittings, Copper, Steels, Stainless steels, Plastics, Flushing cisterns, Water storage cisterns, Valves, Commissioning, Thermal expansion, Fixing, Spaced, Pipe couplings
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Posted by: hessi - 12-11-2011, 05:49 AM - Forum: ASTM
- No Replies
I got it myself!!!
ASTM C494 / C494M - 11 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
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BS EN 12190:1999 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Ð Test methods - Determination of compressive strength of repair mortar
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the compressive strength of mortars and concretes for structural and non-structural repair, as defined in EN 1504-1.
The method applies to all types of repair mortar and concrete with a maximum aggregate size of 8 mm. It distinguishes between mortar with hydraulic and polymer binders. Hereafter, the term mortar refers to both mortars and concretes.
NOTE For repair mortars and concretes with aggregate in excess of 8 mm in size, conventional concrete test methods according to prEN 206 are used.
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BS EN 13581:2002 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures — Test methods — Determination of loss of mass of hydrophobic impregnated concrete after freeze-thaw salt stress
This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It specifies a method for determining the loss of mass after freeze-thaw salt stress in sodium chloride solution. It can be used to test the resistance of hydrophobic impregnated concrete as well as the untreated concrete. There are two types of concrete deterioration when a freeze-thaw attack occurs: surface scaling and internal damage.
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