Several general books are available on ultraviolet light and its applications. However, this is the first comprehensive monograph that deals with its application to water and wastewater treatment. There is a rapidly growing interest in using UV light in water sanitation due to the increased knowledge of the potential health and environmental impacts of disinfection byproducts. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation integrates the fundamental physics applicable to water and wastewater sanitation, the engineering aspects, and the practical experience in the field. The text analyzes the concerns associated with this application of UV light and brings together comprehensive information on the presently available UV technologies applicable to water and wastewater treatment including: lamp technologies, criteria of evaluation and choice of technology; fundamental principles; performance criteria for disinfection; design criteria and methods; synergistic use of UV and oxidants (advanced oxidation); and functional requirements and potential advantages and drawbacks of the technique. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation is the only treatise currently available combining fundamental knowledge, recommendations for design, evaluations of performance, and future prospects for this application. Water and wastewater treatment professionals, water utility employees, governmental regulators, and chemists will find this book an essential and unique reference for a technology which has received growing regulatory acceptance.
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Author: Izrail S. Turovskiy & P. K. Mathai | Size: 7.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Wiley-Interscience | Year: 2006 | pages: 354 | ISBN: 0471700541, 9780471700548
Reap the benefits of sludge
The processing of wastewater sludge for use or disposal has been a continuing challenge for municipal agencies. Yet, whensludge is properly processed, the resulting nutrient-rich product--biosolids--can be a valuable resource for agriculture and other uses. Wastewater Sludge Processing brings together a wide body of knowledge from the field to examine how to effectively process sludge to reap its benefits, yet protect public health. Presented in a format useful as both a reference for practicing environmental engineers and a textbook for graduatestudents, this book discusses unit operations used for processing sludge and the available methods for final disposition of the processed product. Topics discussed include sludge quantities and characteristics, thickening and dewatering, aerobicand anaerobic digestion, alkaline stabilization, composting, thermal drying and incineration, energy consumption, and the beneficial use of biosolids.
COMPREHENSIVE IN ITS COVERAGE, THE TEXT:
* Describes new and emerging technologies as well as international methods
* Compares different types of sludge processing methods
* Explains both municipal and industrial treatment technologies
Written by authors with decades of experience in the field, Wastewater Sludge Processing is an invaluable tool for anyone planning, designing, and implementing municipal wastewater sludge management projects.
Review :
Sludge essentially means the stuff from your toilet bowl. The authors explain how in a modern industrialised society, it is treated. The science [mostly chemistry] is given for the reactions that passivate the toxic parts. Along with the chemical engineering of the design of the processes and the treatment plants.
It's not just fluids that are dealt with, of course. During the processes, dry solids emerge, and these have to be handled properly. Another key issue is dewatering. The removal of as much water as possible from the sludge. Where the water might be filtered through various types of gravel and sand beds.
Finally, it is shown how the residual sludge has value as compost for farming. As little is wasted as possible.
Wastewater Sludge Processing brings together a wide body of knowledge from the field to examine how to effectively process sludge to reap its benefits, yet protect public health.
Features:
~ Discusses unit operations used for processing sludge and the available methods for final disposition of the processed product
~ Includes sludge quantities and characteristics, thickening and dewatering, aerobicand anaerobic digestion, alkaline stabilization, composting, thermal drying and incineration, energy consumption, and the beneficial use of biosolids
Contents
- 40 CFR Part 503 Regulation
- General Provisions
- Land Application
- Surface Disposal
- Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction
- Incineration
Sludge Quantities and Characteristics
- Types of Sludge
- Primary Sludge
- Secondary Sludge
- Chemical Sludge
- Other Wastewater Residuals
- Sludge Quantity
- Primary Sludge
- Secondary Sludge
- Activated Sludge
- Attached Growth System Sludge
- Chemical sludge
- Sludge Characteristics
- Primary Sludge
- Activated Sludge
- Physical and Biological Properties
- Mass Balance
Thickening and Dewatering
- Conditioning
- Factors Affecting Conditioning
- Chemical Conditioning
- Other Conditioning Methods
- Thickening
- Gravity Thickening
- Dissolved Air Flotation Thickening
- Centrifugal Thickening
- Gravity Belt Thickening
- Rotary Drum Thickening
- Miscellaneous Thickening Methods
- Dewatering
- Centrifugal Dewatering
- Belt Filter Press
- Pressure Filter Press
- Drying Beds
- Other Dewatering Methods
Aerobic Digestion
- Process Theory
- Conventional Aerobic Digestion
- Process Design Considerations
- System Design Considerations
- Operational Considerations
- Process Variations
- High-Purity Oxygen Digestion
- Low Temperature Aerobic Digestion
- Dual Digestion
- Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion
- Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion
- Technological Improvements
Anaerobic Digestion
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Theory of Anaerobic Digestion
- Environmental Factors
- Solids and Hydraulic Retention Times
- Temperature
- pH and Alkalinity
- Toxic Materials
- Process Variations
- Low-Rate Digestion
- High-Rate Digestion
- Thermophilic Digestion
- Two-Stage Digestion
- Two-Phase Digestion
- Process Design
- Per Capita Basis
- Solids Loading
- Solids Retention Time
- Volatile Solids Reduction
- Gas Production
- System Component Design
- Tank Design
- Digester Covers
- Heating
- Gas Usage
- Design Example 5-1
- Operational Considerations
- Reactor Performance
- Odor Control
- Supernatant
- Struvite
- Digester Cleaning
Alkaline Stabilization
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Process Theory
- Process Application
- Liquid Lime Stabilization
- Dry Lime Stabilization
- Advanced Alkaline Stabilization Technologies
- Process Design
- Sludge Characteristics
- Contact Time and pH
- Lime Dosage
- Alkaline Material Storage
- Lime Feeding
- Liquid Lime Mixing
- Dry Lime Mixing
- Design Example 6-1
- Process Performance
- Odor Reduction
- Pathogen reduction
- Dewatering Characteristics
Composting
- Composting Process
- Composting Methods
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting
- Zoological Characteristics of Compost
- Process Description
- Factors Influencing Composting
- Windrow Process
- Aerated Static Pile process
- In-Vessel Process
- Design Considerations
- Theoretical Aspects of Composting
- Design Example 7-1
- New Technology in Composting
- Organic Content
- Odor
- Temperature and Moisture
- Composting Mixture
- Composting Process Control
- Design Example 7-2
- pH
- Examples of Composting in Europe
- Examples of Composting in the United States
Thermal Drying and Incineration
- Thermal Drying
- Methods of Thermal Drying
- Design Considerations
- Incineration
- Methods of Incineration
- Design Considerations
Comparison of Energy Consumption
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Incineration
- Composting
- Comparison of Thermal Drying and Composting
Beneficial Use of Biosolids
- Requirements for Beneficial Use
- Pollutant Limits
- Pathogen Reduction
- Vector Attraction Reduction
- Management Practices
- Surface Disposal
- Land Application
- Site Evaluation and Selection
- Design Application Rates
- Application Methods
- Application to Dedicated Lands
- Conveyance and Storage of Biosolids
- Beneficial Use of Biosolids in Russia
- Pathogens
- Heavy Metals
Index
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Author: David L. Russell | Size: 6.6 / 4.7 MB | Format:RAR / PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons | Year: 2006 | pages: 288 | ISBN: 0470067918, 9780470067918
From the Back Cover
Practical techniques for handling industrial waste and designing treatment facilities
Practical Wastewater Treatment is designed as a teaching and training tool for chemical, civil, and environmental engineers. Based on an AIChE training course, developed and taught by the author, this manual equips readers with the skills and knowledge needed to design a wastewater treatment plant and handle various types of industrial wastes. With its emphasis on design issues and practical considerations, the manual enables readers to master treatment techniques for managing a wide range of industrial wastes, including oil, blood and protein, milk, plating, refinery, and phenolic and chemical plant wastes.
A key topic presented in the manual is biological modeling for designing wastewater treatment plants. The author demonstrates how these models lead to both more efficient and more economical plants.
As a practical training tool, this manual contains a number of features to assist readers in tackling complex, real-world problems, including:
* Examples and worked problems throughout the manual demonstrate how various treatment plants and treatment techniques work
* Figures and diagrams help readers visualize and understand complex design issues
* References as well as links to online resources serve as a gateway to additional information
* Practical design hints, stemming from the author's extensive experience, help readers save time and avoid unwanted and expensive pitfalls
* Clear and logically organized presentation has been developed and refined based on an AIChE course taught by the author in the United States, Mexico, and Venezuela
Whether a novice or experienced practitioner, any engineer who deals with the treatment of industrial waste will find a myriad of practical advice and useful techniques that they can immediately apply to solve problems in wastewater treatment.
About the author (2006)
DAVID L. RUSSELL, PE, runs his own consulting engineering business, Global Environmental Operations, Inc. He has more than thirty years of experience in the environmental business, including nine years working in the chemical process industry dealing with pollution control. He has taught numerous short courses on wastewater treatment and pollution control and published several articles in the field as well.
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Taking the reader through the history of industrial waste treatment and directing them toward a new path of best practice, this book illustrates how current treatment techniques are affected by regulatory and economic constraints, scientific knowledge and tolerances. This book provides the reader with the basis for a more effective method of waste treatment which is sustainable and supportive of industrial improvements. Overall, it provides valuable information for planners, industrial, civil and environmental engineers and government officials for a better understanding of current practices and regulatory history and how these factors relate to the ability to complete environmental solutions to industrial waste problems.
* Provides environmental history from a professional/technical point-of-view as a basis for total solutions engineering
* Includes sustainable practice necessary for the 21st Century
* Thoroughly explores industry and environmental regulations over the past 150 years
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Composite floor beams are a preferred solution for multi-storey construction - this type of construction can achieve long spans and openings in the web of the steel section facilitating service integration within the structural zone.
This design guide provides comprehensive coverage of the design of a full range of fabricated and rolled beams with isolated and regularly spaced circular or rectangular web openings. The guide also covers the design of asymmetric steel sections, elongated round openings, stiffened openings and notched beams.
Design guidance has been prepared in a way that compliments design to the Eurocodes and the guide includes a full numerical worked example.
direct link
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PE REVIEW - Seismic For California Civ.Eng License
Author: Author : DR. Shahin A Mansour, PE | Size: 42 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2008 | pages: 280
This Publication is to help the candidates for the Spesial Surveying Exam forCalifornia PE Civil License
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Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications
Author: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. an AECOM Company, Takashi Asano, Franklin Burton, Harold Leverenz, Ryujiro Tsuchihashi, George Tchobanoglous | Size: 33.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional | Year: 2007 | pages: 1570 | ISBN: 0071459278, 9780071459273
An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources
Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues.
Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features:
In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications
Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management
Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices
Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach
Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities
Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse
Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool
• Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
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Estimation of system-level ductility demands for multi-story structures
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Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Allowed to Uplift during Multi-Directional Excitation
Author: Andres Oscar Espinoza, Stephen A. Mahin | Size: 24 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: PEER | Year: 2012 | pages: 338
The behavior of bridges subjected to recent moderate and large earthquakes has led to bridge
design detailed for better seismic performance, particularly through wider bridge foundations to
handle larger expected design forces. Foundation uplift, which is not employed in conventional
bridge design, has been identified as an important mechanism, in conjunction with structural
yielding and soil-structure interaction that may dissipate energy during earthquakes. Preventing
uplift through wider foundations looks past the technical and economic feasibility of allowing
foundation uplift during seismic events. The research presented in this study is part of a larger
experimental and analytical investigation to develop and validate design methods for bridge piers
on shallow foundations allowed to uplift during seismic events.
Several analytical and some experimental studies have been performed to assess rocking
and or uplift of shallow foundation systems, however they have evaluated systems with a limited
range of footing dimensions and seismic excitations. As such, there is an uncertainty in the
information needed to base a performance evaluation and develop design methods. The purpose
of this study is to investigate through experimental and analytical studies the seismic
performance of uplifting bridge piers on shallow foundations when considering different ground
motions and footing dimensions, as well as identifying key differences in performance
evaluation criteria for conventional and uplifting bridge pier systems.
The experimental study dynamically tested a single reinforced concrete bridge column
specimen with three adjustable footing configurations grouped by footing dimension, and tested
for various combinations of one, two, and three components of seismic excitation. Groups one
and two evaluated uplifting systems where the column was limited to elastic loading levels while
group three considered inelastic column loading levels. All test groups remained stable and
exhibited some rocking and or uplift during testing. Analytical models were developed and
validated using the experimental testing results to predict local and global footing and column
response. Reliable estimates of forces and displacements during elastic and inelastic response
were achieved. To assess the seismic performance of a range of bridge pier systems allowed to
uplift a parametric investigation using the validated analytical models was performed in which
the column was modeled per conventional design criteria to ensure adequate strength and
flexural ductility. The parameters varied include footing width, ground motion excitation, and
elastic or inelastic column response. Response of the uplifting bridge pier systems was found to
be sensitive to the structural periods, magnitude of excitation, and footing width.
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