Taking the reader through the history of industrial waste treatment and directing them toward a new path of best practice, this book illustrates how current treatment techniques are affected by regulatory and economic constraints, scientific knowledge and tolerances. This book provides the reader with the basis for a more effective method of waste treatment which is sustainable and supportive of industrial improvements. Overall, it provides valuable information for planners, industrial, civil and environmental engineers and government officials for a better understanding of current practices and regulatory history and how these factors relate to the ability to complete environmental solutions to industrial waste problems.
* Provides environmental history from a professional/technical point-of-view as a basis for total solutions engineering
* Includes sustainable practice necessary for the 21st Century
* Thoroughly explores industry and environmental regulations over the past 150 years
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Composite floor beams are a preferred solution for multi-storey construction - this type of construction can achieve long spans and openings in the web of the steel section facilitating service integration within the structural zone.
This design guide provides comprehensive coverage of the design of a full range of fabricated and rolled beams with isolated and regularly spaced circular or rectangular web openings. The guide also covers the design of asymmetric steel sections, elongated round openings, stiffened openings and notched beams.
Design guidance has been prepared in a way that compliments design to the Eurocodes and the guide includes a full numerical worked example.
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PE REVIEW - Seismic For California Civ.Eng License
Author: Author : DR. Shahin A Mansour, PE | Size: 42 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2008 | pages: 280
This Publication is to help the candidates for the Spesial Surveying Exam forCalifornia PE Civil License
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Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications
Author: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. an AECOM Company, Takashi Asano, Franklin Burton, Harold Leverenz, Ryujiro Tsuchihashi, George Tchobanoglous | Size: 33.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional | Year: 2007 | pages: 1570 | ISBN: 0071459278, 9780071459273
An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources
Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues.
Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features:
In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications
Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management
Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices
Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach
Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities
Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse
Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool
• Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
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Estimation of system-level ductility demands for multi-story structures
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Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Allowed to Uplift during Multi-Directional Excitation
Author: Andres Oscar Espinoza, Stephen A. Mahin | Size: 24 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: PEER | Year: 2012 | pages: 338
The behavior of bridges subjected to recent moderate and large earthquakes has led to bridge
design detailed for better seismic performance, particularly through wider bridge foundations to
handle larger expected design forces. Foundation uplift, which is not employed in conventional
bridge design, has been identified as an important mechanism, in conjunction with structural
yielding and soil-structure interaction that may dissipate energy during earthquakes. Preventing
uplift through wider foundations looks past the technical and economic feasibility of allowing
foundation uplift during seismic events. The research presented in this study is part of a larger
experimental and analytical investigation to develop and validate design methods for bridge piers
on shallow foundations allowed to uplift during seismic events.
Several analytical and some experimental studies have been performed to assess rocking
and or uplift of shallow foundation systems, however they have evaluated systems with a limited
range of footing dimensions and seismic excitations. As such, there is an uncertainty in the
information needed to base a performance evaluation and develop design methods. The purpose
of this study is to investigate through experimental and analytical studies the seismic
performance of uplifting bridge piers on shallow foundations when considering different ground
motions and footing dimensions, as well as identifying key differences in performance
evaluation criteria for conventional and uplifting bridge pier systems.
The experimental study dynamically tested a single reinforced concrete bridge column
specimen with three adjustable footing configurations grouped by footing dimension, and tested
for various combinations of one, two, and three components of seismic excitation. Groups one
and two evaluated uplifting systems where the column was limited to elastic loading levels while
group three considered inelastic column loading levels. All test groups remained stable and
exhibited some rocking and or uplift during testing. Analytical models were developed and
validated using the experimental testing results to predict local and global footing and column
response. Reliable estimates of forces and displacements during elastic and inelastic response
were achieved. To assess the seismic performance of a range of bridge pier systems allowed to
uplift a parametric investigation using the validated analytical models was performed in which
the column was modeled per conventional design criteria to ensure adequate strength and
flexural ductility. The parameters varied include footing width, ground motion excitation, and
elastic or inelastic column response. Response of the uplifting bridge pier systems was found to
be sensitive to the structural periods, magnitude of excitation, and footing width.
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Existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings designed prior to the 1970s are vulnerable to shear
failure of beam-column joints under earthquake excitations because of insufficient transverse
reinforcement in the joint region. The failure of such “unreinforced” joints, especially corner
joints, has played a crucial role in building collapses in past earthquakes. The accurate prediction
of shear strength and flexibility for these unreinforced beam-column joints is therefore essential
to assess the seismic risk of older-type RC buildings characterized by having unreinforced beamcolumn
joints. To predict shear strength, two shear-strength models were developed previously,
as a part of this larger study. A practical shear-strength model combining the two previously
developed models is presented in this report.
To validate the shear strength models and to develop a moment-rotation relationship
(backbone relationship) of unreinforced corner beam-column joint, four full-scale unreinforced
corner beam-column joint specimens with two orthogonal beams and floor slab were tested
under quasi-static cyclic load reversals simulating earthquake loading. The test results show that
the joint shear strengths decrease with increase of the joint aspect ratio, and for a certain joint
aspect ratio, the joint shear strengths are proportional to the beam longitudinal reinforcement
ratio within the range of variables investigated in the test matrix. The proposed three models
accurately predicted the shear strengths of the tested specimens. Based on the measured joint
responses and visual observations of the tested four corner joint specimens, a backbone
relationship was developed for nonlinear joint macro-modeling. Furthermore, the proposed
backbone relationship was modified to be applicable to interior and roof beam-column joints.
The strength parameters in the backbone relationships were defined using the proposed joint
shear strength models. These backbone relationships were validated by accurate reproduction of
the force-drift responses of the tested four corner joint specimens in this study and eight other
exterior and interior joint specimens taken from the literature. Using these backbone
relationships, nonlinear dynamic simulations were performed on three hypothetical prototype RC
building frames. These simulations indicate that consideration of the flexibilities for unreinforced
joints is important for seismic assessment of older-type RC buildings characterized by having
unreinforced joints.
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A concise introduction to structural dynamics and earthquake engineering
Basic Structural Dynamics serves as a fundamental introduction to the topic of structural dynamics. Covering single and multiple-degree-of-freedom systems while providing an introduction to earthquake engineering, the book keeps the coverage succinct and on topic at a level that is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students. Through dozens of worked examples based on actual structures, it also introduces readers to MATLAB, a powerful software for solving both simple and complex structural dynamics problems.
Conceptually composed of three parts, the book begins with the basic concepts and dynamic response of single-degree-of-freedom systems to various excitations. Next, it covers the linear and nonlinear response of multiple-degree-of-freedom systems to various excitations. Finally, it deals with linear and nonlinear response of structures subjected to earthquake ground motions and structural dynamics-related code provisions for assessing seismic response of structures.
Chapter coverage includes:
Single-degree-of-freedom systems
Free vibration response of SDOF systems
Response to harmonic loading
Response to impulse loads
Response to arbitrary dynamic loading
Multiple-degree-of-freedom systems
Introduction to nonlinear response of structures
Seismic response of structures
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Novel Approaches to Improving High Temperature Corrosion Resistance - EFC 47
Author: Michael Schutze, W. J. Quaddakkers | Size: 13.80 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: CRC Press | Year: 2008 | pages: 648 | ISBN: 142007959X, 9781420079593
High-temperature corrosion is a major problem affecting sectors such as the power generation, aerospace and metal-working industries. This important book summarizes a wide range of research on ways of dealing with this important problem. The first part of the book reviews ways of modifying alloys to improve high-temperature corrosion resistance. The second part discusses surface treatments such as pre-treatments and coatings. The third part of the book summarizes research on testing for high-temperature corrosion resistance and the development of common testing standards. It also reviews research on the behavior of alloys in a wide range of service conditions such as furnace and boiler environments. The final part of the book discusses ways of modelling high-temperature corrosion processes to improve material performance and service life.
With its distinguished editors and team of contributors drawn from some of the leading centers of research in the field, Novel approaches to improving high-temperature corrosion resistance will be a standard reference for all those studying and dealing with high-temperature corrosion.
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