Technical Manual: Water Supply and Water Distribution
Author: Joint Departments of the Army and Air Force, USA | Size: 3.6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Headquarters, Department of the Army | Year: 59 | pages: 1986
It is the technical Manual for Water Supply and Water Distribution - TM 5-813-5/AFM 88-10, Volume 5, Water Distribution.
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Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process, the first in a series on the microbiology of wastewater treatment, comprises the critical topics of cost-effective operation, permit compliance, process control, and troubleshooting in wastewater treatment plants. Avoiding the technical jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics that typically accompany such texts, Nitrification and Denitrification in the Activated Sludge Process directly addresses plant operators and technicians, providing necessary information for understanding the microbiology and biological conditions that occur in the treatment process. Of special interest to wastewater treatment plant operators are the bacteria that degrade nitrogenous wastes-the nitrifying bacteria-and the bacteria that degrade carbonaceous wastes-the cBOD-removing bacteria. Both groups of bacteria need to be routinely monitored and operational conditions favorably adjusted to ensure desired nitrification. Each chapter in this groundbreaking study offers a better understanding of the importance of nitrification and denitrification and the bacteria involved in these crucial processes. Chapters include: Organotrophs The Wastewater Nitrogen Cycle Nitrite Ion Accumulation Dissolved Oxygen Denitrifying Bacteria Gaseous End Products Free Molecular Oxygen The Occurrence of Denitrification
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The activated sludge process is the most versatile, commonly used wastewater treatment system in North America; however, many activated sludge processes frequently experience operational problems related to poor compaction or settleability of secondary solids and loss of secondary solids from the clarifier. Eschewing the technical jargon and copious chemical equations found in the majority of wastewater studies, Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process speaks directly to plant operators, showing them how to identify and solve common problems and achieve maximum efficiency.
Michael H. Gerardi’s hands-on guide addresses the most common plant operational problems, such as increased costs, loss of treatment efficiency, and permit violations. Using numerous tables and illustrations, Settleability Problems provides microscopic and ****ytical techniques for troubleshooting and identifying the conditions responsible for settleability problems and loss of solids. It includes pictures of wet mounts and smears of acceptable and unacceptable microscopic conditions of the activated sludge and presents corrective measures for operational problems.
Chapters include:
* Undesired Filamentous Growth
* Nutrient-Deficient Floc Particles
* Denitrification
* Slug Discharge of Soluble cBOD
* Viscous Bulking or Zoogloeal Growth
* Production and Accumulation of Foam and Scum
Volume II in the series, Settleability Problems will prove to be of unparalleled value to wastewater treatment plant operators as well as students of wastewater microbiology.
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Several general books are available on ultraviolet light and its applications. However, this is the first comprehensive monograph that deals with its application to water and wastewater treatment. There is a rapidly growing interest in using UV light in water sanitation due to the increased knowledge of the potential health and environmental impacts of disinfection byproducts. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation integrates the fundamental physics applicable to water and wastewater sanitation, the engineering aspects, and the practical experience in the field. The text analyzes the concerns associated with this application of UV light and brings together comprehensive information on the presently available UV technologies applicable to water and wastewater treatment including: lamp technologies, criteria of evaluation and choice of technology; fundamental principles; performance criteria for disinfection; design criteria and methods; synergistic use of UV and oxidants (advanced oxidation); and functional requirements and potential advantages and drawbacks of the technique. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation is the only treatise currently available combining fundamental knowledge, recommendations for design, evaluations of performance, and future prospects for this application. Water and wastewater treatment professionals, water utility employees, governmental regulators, and chemists will find this book an essential and unique reference for a technology which has received growing regulatory acceptance.
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Author: Izrail S. Turovskiy & P. K. Mathai | Size: 7.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Wiley-Interscience | Year: 2006 | pages: 354 | ISBN: 0471700541, 9780471700548
Reap the benefits of sludge
The processing of wastewater sludge for use or disposal has been a continuing challenge for municipal agencies. Yet, whensludge is properly processed, the resulting nutrient-rich product--biosolids--can be a valuable resource for agriculture and other uses. Wastewater Sludge Processing brings together a wide body of knowledge from the field to examine how to effectively process sludge to reap its benefits, yet protect public health. Presented in a format useful as both a reference for practicing environmental engineers and a textbook for graduatestudents, this book discusses unit operations used for processing sludge and the available methods for final disposition of the processed product. Topics discussed include sludge quantities and characteristics, thickening and dewatering, aerobicand anaerobic digestion, alkaline stabilization, composting, thermal drying and incineration, energy consumption, and the beneficial use of biosolids.
COMPREHENSIVE IN ITS COVERAGE, THE TEXT:
* Describes new and emerging technologies as well as international methods
* Compares different types of sludge processing methods
* Explains both municipal and industrial treatment technologies
Written by authors with decades of experience in the field, Wastewater Sludge Processing is an invaluable tool for anyone planning, designing, and implementing municipal wastewater sludge management projects.
Review :
Sludge essentially means the stuff from your toilet bowl. The authors explain how in a modern industrialised society, it is treated. The science [mostly chemistry] is given for the reactions that passivate the toxic parts. Along with the chemical engineering of the design of the processes and the treatment plants.
It's not just fluids that are dealt with, of course. During the processes, dry solids emerge, and these have to be handled properly. Another key issue is dewatering. The removal of as much water as possible from the sludge. Where the water might be filtered through various types of gravel and sand beds.
Finally, it is shown how the residual sludge has value as compost for farming. As little is wasted as possible.
Wastewater Sludge Processing brings together a wide body of knowledge from the field to examine how to effectively process sludge to reap its benefits, yet protect public health.
Features:
~ Discusses unit operations used for processing sludge and the available methods for final disposition of the processed product
~ Includes sludge quantities and characteristics, thickening and dewatering, aerobicand anaerobic digestion, alkaline stabilization, composting, thermal drying and incineration, energy consumption, and the beneficial use of biosolids
Contents
- 40 CFR Part 503 Regulation
- General Provisions
- Land Application
- Surface Disposal
- Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction
- Incineration
Sludge Quantities and Characteristics
- Types of Sludge
- Primary Sludge
- Secondary Sludge
- Chemical Sludge
- Other Wastewater Residuals
- Sludge Quantity
- Primary Sludge
- Secondary Sludge
- Activated Sludge
- Attached Growth System Sludge
- Chemical sludge
- Sludge Characteristics
- Primary Sludge
- Activated Sludge
- Physical and Biological Properties
- Mass Balance
Thickening and Dewatering
- Conditioning
- Factors Affecting Conditioning
- Chemical Conditioning
- Other Conditioning Methods
- Thickening
- Gravity Thickening
- Dissolved Air Flotation Thickening
- Centrifugal Thickening
- Gravity Belt Thickening
- Rotary Drum Thickening
- Miscellaneous Thickening Methods
- Dewatering
- Centrifugal Dewatering
- Belt Filter Press
- Pressure Filter Press
- Drying Beds
- Other Dewatering Methods
Aerobic Digestion
- Process Theory
- Conventional Aerobic Digestion
- Process Design Considerations
- System Design Considerations
- Operational Considerations
- Process Variations
- High-Purity Oxygen Digestion
- Low Temperature Aerobic Digestion
- Dual Digestion
- Mesophilic Aerobic Digestion
- Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion
- Technological Improvements
Anaerobic Digestion
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Theory of Anaerobic Digestion
- Environmental Factors
- Solids and Hydraulic Retention Times
- Temperature
- pH and Alkalinity
- Toxic Materials
- Process Variations
- Low-Rate Digestion
- High-Rate Digestion
- Thermophilic Digestion
- Two-Stage Digestion
- Two-Phase Digestion
- Process Design
- Per Capita Basis
- Solids Loading
- Solids Retention Time
- Volatile Solids Reduction
- Gas Production
- System Component Design
- Tank Design
- Digester Covers
- Heating
- Gas Usage
- Design Example 5-1
- Operational Considerations
- Reactor Performance
- Odor Control
- Supernatant
- Struvite
- Digester Cleaning
Alkaline Stabilization
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Process Theory
- Process Application
- Liquid Lime Stabilization
- Dry Lime Stabilization
- Advanced Alkaline Stabilization Technologies
- Process Design
- Sludge Characteristics
- Contact Time and pH
- Lime Dosage
- Alkaline Material Storage
- Lime Feeding
- Liquid Lime Mixing
- Dry Lime Mixing
- Design Example 6-1
- Process Performance
- Odor Reduction
- Pathogen reduction
- Dewatering Characteristics
Composting
- Composting Process
- Composting Methods
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Composting
- Zoological Characteristics of Compost
- Process Description
- Factors Influencing Composting
- Windrow Process
- Aerated Static Pile process
- In-Vessel Process
- Design Considerations
- Theoretical Aspects of Composting
- Design Example 7-1
- New Technology in Composting
- Organic Content
- Odor
- Temperature and Moisture
- Composting Mixture
- Composting Process Control
- Design Example 7-2
- pH
- Examples of Composting in Europe
- Examples of Composting in the United States
Thermal Drying and Incineration
- Thermal Drying
- Methods of Thermal Drying
- Design Considerations
- Incineration
- Methods of Incineration
- Design Considerations
Comparison of Energy Consumption
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Incineration
- Composting
- Comparison of Thermal Drying and Composting
Beneficial Use of Biosolids
- Requirements for Beneficial Use
- Pollutant Limits
- Pathogen Reduction
- Vector Attraction Reduction
- Management Practices
- Surface Disposal
- Land Application
- Site Evaluation and Selection
- Design Application Rates
- Application Methods
- Application to Dedicated Lands
- Conveyance and Storage of Biosolids
- Beneficial Use of Biosolids in Russia
- Pathogens
- Heavy Metals
Index
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Author: David L. Russell | Size: 6.6 / 4.7 MB | Format:RAR / PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons | Year: 2006 | pages: 288 | ISBN: 0470067918, 9780470067918
From the Back Cover
Practical techniques for handling industrial waste and designing treatment facilities
Practical Wastewater Treatment is designed as a teaching and training tool for chemical, civil, and environmental engineers. Based on an AIChE training course, developed and taught by the author, this manual equips readers with the skills and knowledge needed to design a wastewater treatment plant and handle various types of industrial wastes. With its emphasis on design issues and practical considerations, the manual enables readers to master treatment techniques for managing a wide range of industrial wastes, including oil, blood and protein, milk, plating, refinery, and phenolic and chemical plant wastes.
A key topic presented in the manual is biological modeling for designing wastewater treatment plants. The author demonstrates how these models lead to both more efficient and more economical plants.
As a practical training tool, this manual contains a number of features to assist readers in tackling complex, real-world problems, including:
* Examples and worked problems throughout the manual demonstrate how various treatment plants and treatment techniques work
* Figures and diagrams help readers visualize and understand complex design issues
* References as well as links to online resources serve as a gateway to additional information
* Practical design hints, stemming from the author's extensive experience, help readers save time and avoid unwanted and expensive pitfalls
* Clear and logically organized presentation has been developed and refined based on an AIChE course taught by the author in the United States, Mexico, and Venezuela
Whether a novice or experienced practitioner, any engineer who deals with the treatment of industrial waste will find a myriad of practical advice and useful techniques that they can immediately apply to solve problems in wastewater treatment.
About the author (2006)
DAVID L. RUSSELL, PE, runs his own consulting engineering business, Global Environmental Operations, Inc. He has more than thirty years of experience in the environmental business, including nine years working in the chemical process industry dealing with pollution control. He has taught numerous short courses on wastewater treatment and pollution control and published several articles in the field as well.
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Taking the reader through the history of industrial waste treatment and directing them toward a new path of best practice, this book illustrates how current treatment techniques are affected by regulatory and economic constraints, scientific knowledge and tolerances. This book provides the reader with the basis for a more effective method of waste treatment which is sustainable and supportive of industrial improvements. Overall, it provides valuable information for planners, industrial, civil and environmental engineers and government officials for a better understanding of current practices and regulatory history and how these factors relate to the ability to complete environmental solutions to industrial waste problems.
* Provides environmental history from a professional/technical point-of-view as a basis for total solutions engineering
* Includes sustainable practice necessary for the 21st Century
* Thoroughly explores industry and environmental regulations over the past 150 years
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Composite floor beams are a preferred solution for multi-storey construction - this type of construction can achieve long spans and openings in the web of the steel section facilitating service integration within the structural zone.
This design guide provides comprehensive coverage of the design of a full range of fabricated and rolled beams with isolated and regularly spaced circular or rectangular web openings. The guide also covers the design of asymmetric steel sections, elongated round openings, stiffened openings and notched beams.
Design guidance has been prepared in a way that compliments design to the Eurocodes and the guide includes a full numerical worked example.
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PE REVIEW - Seismic For California Civ.Eng License
Author: Author : DR. Shahin A Mansour, PE | Size: 42 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2008 | pages: 280
This Publication is to help the candidates for the Spesial Surveying Exam forCalifornia PE Civil License
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