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This thesis deals with deterioration mechanisms affecting steel fibre reinforced sprayed concrete used for rock support in tunnels. Physical and chemical degradation of sprayed concrete linings may contribute to destabilisation of the rock mass, involving increased maintenance costs, reduced service life, and a potential safety risk. The principal aims of this work were to a) provide an updated and modern diagnosis of chemical degradation phenomena occurring in steel fibre reinforced concrete used for rock support, b) investigate the reaction mechanisms involved including the possible interaction of different reaction schemes, c) characterise the environmental loads, mainly with respect to water chemistry, microbial activity and hydrogeology, and d) attempt to establish links between scientific findings and practical engineering issues, such as durability and life time aspects, maintenance/repair and consequences for rules and recommendations.
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DESIGN OF BRIDGES, 3/e (Paperback)
The third edition of this highly successful text has been thoroughly revised and updated to meet the requirements of senior undergraduate and post graduate students of Civil, Structural and Transportation engineering streams and practicing structural engineers. The book provides a lucid exposition of the theory and design of various types of bridges such as masonry arched, reinforced concrete slab, tee beam, ridge frame balanced cantilever, continous beam decks of variable cross section, perstressed concrete slab and beam decks, steel plate girder and trusted type decks, cable stayed bridges, piers and abutments, bridge bearings, curved bridge decks and the dynamic response of bridge decks. Detailed design examples of the various types of bridge decks are presented. The designs conform to the latest Indian Roads Congress specifications, IRC: 6,18,21,22,24,78 and 83. With its up-to-date coverage, useful design examples and parctical approch, the book should prove to be a useful text and a valuable referance for sturctural engineers.
Book Details
Author: Krishna Raju N
Publisher OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. PVT LTD
Publication Year 2006-01-01
ISBN-13 9788120412576
ISBN-10 8120412575
Language English
Binding Paperback
Number of Pages 450 Pages
Despite the widespread use of cast-in-place and post-installed anchors in construction, the overall level of understanding in the engineering community regarding their behaviour remains quite limited. Furthermore, since the publication of the original CEB design guide, “Design of Fastenings in Concrete”, ongoing research and additional application experience has led to an improved understanding and deepened knowledge in various areas of fastening technology.
fib Bulletin 58 therefore represents a substantial revision of the original 1997 guide. It addresses a variety of loading types and failure modes and takes into account the current state of the art for anchorages in new construction as well as for their use in the repair and strengthening of existing concrete structures.
fib Bulletin 58 provides a method for the design of the anchorage and additional rules for the design of the concrete member to which the load is transferred. The specified provisions are based on the currently available research.
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Article/eBook Full Name: Advanced Mathematical and Computational Geomechanics
Author(s): Dimitrios Kolymbas
Edition: Reprint of 1st Edt.
Publish Date: 2010
ISBN: 3642073573
Published By: Springer
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Autodesk® AutoCAD® Civil 3D® software is a civil engineering design and documentation solution that supports Building Information Modeling workflows. Using AutoCAD Civil 3D, infrastructure professionals can better understand project performance, maintain more consistent data and processes, and respond faster to change.
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The behavior of back-to-back double-angle bracing members subjected
to out-of-plane buckling under severe cyclic load reversals is investigated.
Eight full-size bracing members made of double angles of A36 steel with welded
stitches and end gusset plates were tested under large cyclic deformations representative
of severe earthquakes. Two types of section configuration were investigated,
which included conventional and strengthened back-to-back sections. The
first specimen was designed according to the current design practice, and the effects
of stitch spacing and width-thickness ratio were studied by changing those
parameters in subsequent specimens. The tests showed that early fracture due to
severe local buckling of the outstanding legs was the common mode of failure of
conventional back-to-back angles. Local buckling was so dominant that stitch spacing
did not play a major role. Smaller width-thickness ratio reduced the severity
of local buckling, leading to an increase in ductility and energy dissipation capacity.
Strengthening of conventional back-to-back angles by welding two inclined
plates did not improve member response because of asymmetrical buckling.
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Cyclic Out‐of‐Plane Buckling of Double‐Angle Bracing
Author: Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, Subhash C. Goel, and Robert D. Hanson | Size: 2.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: ASCE | Year: 1985 | pages: 19
The behavior of double-angle bracing members subjected to out-ofplane
buckling due to severe cyclic load reversals is investigated. Nine full-size
test specimens were subjected to severe inelastic axial deformations. Test specimens
were subjected to severe inelastic axial deformations. Test specimens were
made of back-to-back A36 steel angle sections connected to the end gusset plates
by fillet welds or high-strength bolts. Five of the test specimens were designed
according to current design procedures and code requirements. These specimens
experienced fracture in gusset plates and stitches during early cycles of
loading. Based on the observations and analysis of the behavior of these specimens,
new design procedures are proposed for improved ductility and energy
dissipation capacity of double-angle bracing members which buckle out of plane
of gusset plates. Tests of four specimens, designed using proposed procedures,
showed significant improvement in their performances.
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The AISC-LRFD (American Institute of Steel Construction-Load and
Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings) Specification
provides rules for design of built-up members. The slenderness ratios of built-up
members that may buckle out-of-plane, say, about the Y-Y axis for a two-back-toback-
angle member are discussed. Based on the LRFD equation (E4-1) and the
usual concept of the effective length factor, a modification of the slenderness ratios
(Kl/r)m for built-up members as given in the present LRFD Specification is proposed.
The proposed formula with local effective length factor Km is concise, simple,
and physically clear. It is consistent with the effective length factor recommended
by the LRFD Specification, and has only one equation considering the
effects of shear and connectors on buckling of built-up members. The calculated
results of the proposed formula are found to be in good agreement with available
test results.
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