This paper, the first in a series of two, develops an entropy-based approach for evaluating
rainfall networks. Space and time dependencies between raingages are examined by autocovariance
and cross-covariance matrices. Multivariate distributions, associated with different dependencies, are
obtained using the principle of maximum entropy (POME). Formulas for entropy (uncertainty in data
of one raingage), joint entropy (uncertainty in data of two or more raingages) and transinformation
(common information content among two or more raingages) are derived for each distribution, based
on normal data. The decision whether to keep or eliminate a raingage depends entirely on reduction
or gain of information at that raingage. The lines of equal information (isoinformation contours are
defined by considering two raingages (bivariate case) and many raingages (multivariate case).
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Could you please provide me the following two articles
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Dear ALL, I recently run the disk cleaner under the software "Your Uninstaller" and surprisingly, I had over 5GB of "unnecessary" files. Is it fine for me to delete these files, wont it affect (negatively) the performance of my laptop?
This report presents and compares the behavior of 0.3-scale models of a concentrically braced dual system (CBDS) and an eccentrically braced dual system (EBDS). These two six-story systems were tested on the earthquake simulator at the Univ. of California at Berkeley as part of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Earthquake Research Program. The models were similitude-scaled replicas of full-scale test structures that were pseudodynamically tested at the Building Research Inst. in Tsukuba, Japan. The performances of the two models are compared for minor, moderate, and severe earthquake shaking. The roles of the ductile moment-resisting space frames in both models are studied, and recommendations are made regarding their minimum stiffness and strength requirements, in CBDSs and EBDSs, respectively. Response modification factors are currently used by the Applied Technology Council (ATC) and the Structural Engineers Assn. of California (SEAOC) to derive design response spectra from an assumed linear elastic design response spectra. The values of the factors used for CBDSs and EBDSs are reviewed in this report. Finally, a rational procedure for the design of steel structures sited in regions of high seismic risk is presented.
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Seventeen full-scale bracing members made of double angles in A36 steel with welded stitches and end gusset plates were tested under large cyclic deformations representative of severe earthquakes. Three types of section configuration, conventional back-to-back, strengthened back-to-back, and boxed section configuration, were investigated. Early fracture due to local buckling is the common mode of failure of conventional back-to-back angles. Strengthening of conventional back-to-back angles by welding two inclined plates does not improve member response due to unsymmetric buckling.
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Concrete in the Service of Mankind Appropriate concrete technology
Author: Ravindra Dhir, Michael McCarthy | Size: 9 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Taylor & Francis | Year: 1996 | pages: 675 | ISBN: 9780419214700
Concrete is ubiquitous and unique, and is found in every developed and developing country. Indeed, there are no alternatives to concrete as a volume construction material for infrastructure. This raises important questions of how concrete should be designed and constructed for cost effective use in the the short and long term, and to encourage further radical development. Equally, it must be environmentally friendly during manufacture, in an aesthetic presentation in structures and in the containment of harmful materials. This book should be of interest to concrete technologists; contractors; civil engineers; consultants; government agencies; research organizations.
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Analytical models and a performance-based seismic design procedure were developed for
a structure with buckling-restrained knee-braces. The hinge-connected main structural members,
such as beams and columns, were designed only for gravity loads, and the knee-braces
were designed to resist all the lateral seismic load. The cross-sectional size of knee-braces
was estimated using the equivalent damping required to be supplied to meet a given performance
objective. Parametric study was performed with design variables such as slope and
yield stress of the braces. According to the time-history analysis results of a five-story structure
with buckling-restrained knee-braces, the maximum displacement of the model structure
turned out to correspond well with the desired target displacement after it is retrofitted by
knee braces following the proposed procedure.
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A new and practical technique of lateral bracing for single- and multistory
steel frame construction is presented and discussed. Disposable Knee i
Bracing (DKB) technique, as it is called in this paper, is made up of two struc- :
tural elements, the knee element and the diagonal brace element. The knee (
element is a fuse-like element that dissipates energy by the formation of plastic
flexural hinges at its ends and midspan when the building is subjected to severe
lateral loads. The diagonal brace element, on the other hand, provides the required
level of lateral stiffness and remains in the elastic range at all time. The
knee element is a disposable beam element that can be replaced once its energy
dissipation capacity is utilized. Standard limit analysis of low- and high-rise
steel frames are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the DKB against
traditional bracing and eccentric bracing.
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Article/eBook Full Name: Compressive strength of concrete at high temperatures: a reassessment
Author(s): G. A. Khoury
Publish Date: 01 December 1992
Published By: Magazine of Concrete Research, Volume 44, Issue 161
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