This report presents and compares the behavior of 0.3-scale models of a concentrically braced dual system (CBDS) and an eccentrically braced dual system (EBDS). These two six-story systems were tested on the earthquake simulator at the Univ. of California at Berkeley as part of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Earthquake Research Program. The models were similitude-scaled replicas of full-scale test structures that were pseudodynamically tested at the Building Research Inst. in Tsukuba, Japan. The performances of the two models are compared for minor, moderate, and severe earthquake shaking. The roles of the ductile moment-resisting space frames in both models are studied, and recommendations are made regarding their minimum stiffness and strength requirements, in CBDSs and EBDSs, respectively. Response modification factors are currently used by the Applied Technology Council (ATC) and the Structural Engineers Assn. of California (SEAOC) to derive design response spectra from an assumed linear elastic design response spectra. The values of the factors used for CBDSs and EBDSs are reviewed in this report. Finally, a rational procedure for the design of steel structures sited in regions of high seismic risk is presented.
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Seventeen full-scale bracing members made of double angles in A36 steel with welded stitches and end gusset plates were tested under large cyclic deformations representative of severe earthquakes. Three types of section configuration, conventional back-to-back, strengthened back-to-back, and boxed section configuration, were investigated. Early fracture due to local buckling is the common mode of failure of conventional back-to-back angles. Strengthening of conventional back-to-back angles by welding two inclined plates does not improve member response due to unsymmetric buckling.
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Concrete in the Service of Mankind Appropriate concrete technology
Author: Ravindra Dhir, Michael McCarthy | Size: 9 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Taylor & Francis | Year: 1996 | pages: 675 | ISBN: 9780419214700
Concrete is ubiquitous and unique, and is found in every developed and developing country. Indeed, there are no alternatives to concrete as a volume construction material for infrastructure. This raises important questions of how concrete should be designed and constructed for cost effective use in the the short and long term, and to encourage further radical development. Equally, it must be environmentally friendly during manufacture, in an aesthetic presentation in structures and in the containment of harmful materials. This book should be of interest to concrete technologists; contractors; civil engineers; consultants; government agencies; research organizations.
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Analytical models and a performance-based seismic design procedure were developed for
a structure with buckling-restrained knee-braces. The hinge-connected main structural members,
such as beams and columns, were designed only for gravity loads, and the knee-braces
were designed to resist all the lateral seismic load. The cross-sectional size of knee-braces
was estimated using the equivalent damping required to be supplied to meet a given performance
objective. Parametric study was performed with design variables such as slope and
yield stress of the braces. According to the time-history analysis results of a five-story structure
with buckling-restrained knee-braces, the maximum displacement of the model structure
turned out to correspond well with the desired target displacement after it is retrofitted by
knee braces following the proposed procedure.
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A new and practical technique of lateral bracing for single- and multistory
steel frame construction is presented and discussed. Disposable Knee i
Bracing (DKB) technique, as it is called in this paper, is made up of two struc- :
tural elements, the knee element and the diagonal brace element. The knee (
element is a fuse-like element that dissipates energy by the formation of plastic
flexural hinges at its ends and midspan when the building is subjected to severe
lateral loads. The diagonal brace element, on the other hand, provides the required
level of lateral stiffness and remains in the elastic range at all time. The
knee element is a disposable beam element that can be replaced once its energy
dissipation capacity is utilized. Standard limit analysis of low- and high-rise
steel frames are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the DKB against
traditional bracing and eccentric bracing.
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Article/eBook Full Name: Compressive strength of concrete at high temperatures: a reassessment
Author(s): G. A. Khoury
Publish Date: 01 December 1992
Published By: Magazine of Concrete Research, Volume 44, Issue 161
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Article/eBook Full Name: Brick-ballast and recycled-aggregate concrete
Author(s): Kumar, V., Roy, B.N., and Sai, A.S.R.
Publish Date: 1988
Published By: The Indian Concrete Journal, February 1988, 85-87
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2. Experiment Research on the Use of Recycled Brick Aggregate in Concrete Tiles
Article/eBook Full Name: Experiment Research on the Use of Recycled Brick Aggregate in Concrete Tiles
Author(s): Hui Li, Yan Feng Liu, Ming Guo, Rui Zhang and Jing Du
Publish Date: 2012
Published By: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 374 - 377)
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3. Shear and Flexural Behavior of Brick-Aggregate Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement
Article/eBook Full Name: Shear and Flexural Behavior of Brick-Aggregate Concrete Beams without Web Reinforcement
Author(s): Ali A. Akhtaruzzaman and Abul Hasnat
Publish Date: March 1, 1986
Published By: ACI Mater. J., volume 83 issue 2
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I do not know why CSi Computer did not update the very famous software Etabs
The Company upgraed CSI Safe , Sap and released a new version of Sap ( CSi Bridge)
But Etabs was not matched with this upgrading , till now using the old user interface..
and many times heared CSi is going to release Etabs V10 and nothing happend..
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