Estimating, modelling, controlling and monitoring the flow of concrete is a vital part of the construction process, as the properties of concrete before it has set can have a significant impact on performance. This book provides a detailed overview of the rheological behavior of concrete, including measurement techniques, the impact of mix design, and casting.
Part one begins with two introductory chapters dealing with the rheology and rheometry of complex fluids, followed by chapters that examine specific measurement and testing techniques for concrete. The focus of part two is the impact of mix design on the rheological behavior of concrete, looking at additives including super-plasticizers and viscosity agents. Finally, chapters in part three cover topics related to casting, such as thixotropy and formwork pressure.
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Slenderness ratio of main members between interconnectors of built-up compression members
Author: Murray C. Temple and Ghada M. Elmahdy | Size: 583 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering | Year: 1996 | pages: 11
Many steel design standards, including CANICSA-S16.1-M89 "Limit states design of steel structures,"
specify maximum slenderness ratios for the individual main members between the interconnectors of built-up
compression members. Previous research on which these requirements are based is reviewed. It is shown that the
imperfection sensitivity due to coupled instabilities is measured from bifurcation critical loads. However, steel standards
are based on a compressive resistance determined for a member with an initial out-of-straightness and a suitable residual
stress pattern. It is shown that the use of an equivalent slenderness ratio equation is sufficient to predict the compressive
resistance of these built-up members. Further restrictions on the slenderness ratio of built-up members between
inter connectors are not warranted. Thus, the elimination of these requirements from S16.1-94 is justified.
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Built-up struts that buckle about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the connectors should be treated as a "built-up"
member as opposed to a "simple" member. This mode of buckling causes shear and moments in the connectors which
deform the connectors. These deformations increase the lateral deformation of the member and hence affect the load carrying
capacity. To account for this effect the easiest method is to use an equivalent slenderness ratio such as the
one included in the Canadian Standard. This note outlines the derivation of the equivalent slenderness ratio equation,
discusses when it should and should not be used, and includes a numerical example. A rewording of the applicable
clause in the Canadian Standard is suggested.
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An examination of the requirements for the design of built-up compression members in the North American and European standards and specifications reveals a great variation in the allowable maximum slenderness ratio for an individual main member, and also in the determination of an equivalent slenderness ratio. The requirements of the Canadian standard with regard to the determination of the maximum allowable slenderness ratio of a main member between points of connection can be a bit confusing.
This research involved a study of model built-up members that buckled about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the connectors. Twenty-four tests were conducted on model built-up members. The theoretical analysis consisted of a finite element analysis of the model built-up struts. In addition, an equivalent slenderness ratio was calculated by several methods. These equivalent slenderness ratios were then used in conjunction with the requirements of the Canadian standard to calculate a compressive resistance, which was compared with the experimental failure load.
From this research on built-up members that buckle about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the connectors it was found that at least two connectors should be used, that the slenderness ratio of the main member between points of connection has a significant effect on the compressive resistance, and that Timoshenko's equivalent slenderness ratio when used in conjunction with the Canadian standard gives results that are in the best agreement with the experimental results.
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Eye4Software Hydromagic is a hydrographic survey software tool, which can be used to map areas using a GPS and echosounder. Use the software to import, view and edit your maps, display your position and to record depths (create soundings). The software will work with almost any GPS and echosounder, and can be used on any desktop, laptop or netbook computer running Windows XP(SP2) or higher.
Some application examples:
•Record depth data using a GPS and echosounder;
•Show your current position and depth on a loaded map;
•Convert your soundings to a regularly spaced XYZ data (DTM);
•Convert your soundings to different file formats;
•Show cross-sections and calculate volumes;
•Design and generate theoretical DTM's (channel design);
•Create depth contours and save them as ESRI shapefiles;
•Add comments, symbols or routes to your maps;
•Perform realtime positioning on research and hydrographic survey vessels;
•Fishing industry, for instance to navigate inside the assigned fishing parcels;
•View GIS features on shapefiles, CAD and S57 (ENC) data;
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TRANSDAT Geosoftware executes coordinate transformations and geodetic datum shifts between many coordinate and reference systems of America, Australasia, Europe, Germany special and world-wide, at high precision and high speed.
Navigation maps are printed with a coordinate grid that is a two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional Earth surface, based on a given Coordinate System. Historically the countries over the world use many different coordinate systems. Earth is shaped not like a sphere; it is a geoid that has no exact mathematical definition and whose form can be at best approximated by an ellipsoid. To make an exact projection of a region into a coordinate system, the region is first projected onto a so-called reference ellipsoid that would fit the region best. The reference ellipsoid is mathematically defined and can be used for a coordinate system projection. Historically countries all over the world developed and used different and often more than one local and global Reference Systems.
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DreamCalc is the leading Scientific Graphing Calculator for Windows that's so realistic it dispenses with the need for a physical hand-held altogether!
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Select from algebraic input or RPN. DreamCalc adapts to your way of working!
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Geometry Expressions is a revolutionary modeling tool which generates mathematics directly from your drawing.
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- Create conceptual designs and generate explicit mathematics
- Copy the mathematics to Maple or Mathematica for further analysis or optimization
- Visualize by pasting results back into Geometry Expressions
- Document your analysis by exporting drawing and mathematics into your office suite
For Education
- Mathematical problems emerge naturally from real world situations
- Geometry is fully integrated into the rest of mathematics
- Students can be exposed to problem formulation and idealization
- Choose appropriate solution technique: numeric, automated symbolic, or by-hand
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Book Description:
The important influence of instability effects on the design of structural steelwork is becoming generally accepted. This book has been written with the specific aim of presenting the transition from fundamental theories to practical design. The buckling of steel columns, beams and frames is treated in a manner suitable for both the student seeking an introduction to the subject and the more experienced designer requiring explanation of the background to modern design methods. Methods applicable to design office practice are given for calculating elastic critical loads for columns, beams and complete structures, and the non-linear effects of instability and their relevance to design are discussed
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