Posted by: poolmand - 11-12-2023, 08:07 AM - Forum: ASTM
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ASTM D516-22: Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
| Size: 1.9 MB| Format:PDF| Year: 2022| pages: 6
Significance and Use
5.1 The determination of sulfate is important because it has been reported that when this ion is present in excess of about 250 mg/L in drinking water, it causes a cathartic action (especially in children) in the presence of sodium and magnesium, and gives a bad taste to the water.
5.2 Test Method D4327 (“Test Method of Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography”) may be used.
Scope
1.1 This turbidimetric test method covers the determination of sulfate in water in the range from 5 mg/L to 40 mg/L of sulfate ion (SO4−−).
1.2 This test method was used successfully with drinking, ground, and surface waters. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.3 Former gravimetric and volumetric test methods have been discontinued. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This Specification describes the work of producing a high-friction surface treatment (HFST) on asphalt or concrete pavements by the application of an epoxy or methyl methacrylate binder and aggregate broadcast. The HFST incorporates a low-modulus polymer binder and selected aggregate to produce a flexible, high-friction (skid-resistant) pavement surface. The HFST may be used for both new and existing pavements. The HFST is produced by applying the neat epoxy or methyl methacrylate binder to the surface and broadcasting aggregate onto it.
This Specification includes requirements for components of the polymer binders, aggregates, storage and handling, surface preparation, surface profile, mixing, and placement.
Posted by: poolmand - 11-06-2023, 10:37 AM - Forum: ACI
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ACI SPEC-548.8-19: Construction Specification for Type EM (Epoxy Multi-Layer) Polymer Overlay for Bridge and Parking Garage Decks
IN-LB: Inch-Pound Units
SI: International System of Units
This Specification covers epoxy multi-layer (EM) polymer overlay for bridge and parking garage decks. Type EM polymer overlay incorporates a low-modulus epoxy binder and selected aggregate to produce a flexible, skid-resistant, and low-permeability overlay. The overlay may be used for both new construction and rehabilitation of existing structures. The overlay is placed by applying the neat epoxy binder to the surface and broadcasting aggregate. This Specification includes requirements for epoxy resin, aggregates, storage and handling, surface preparation, surface profile, mixing, placement, quality control and quality assurance.
This document provides general guidance for determining appropriate acceptance criteria for a prepared surface to receive a protection system. There are many techniques for preparation of a surface prior to installation of a protection system, and no single method is ideal for all situations. This guide discusses various preparation methods that can be used to achieve the intended surface condition.
This document provides information on the evaluation of both dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete. It is assumed throughout the document that shotcrete is a method of placing concrete. However, for the sake of readability, the word “shotcrete” is often used either to identify the shotcrete process (method) or the shotcrete mixture (product) in the present document.
Evaluation of in-place shotcrete requires experience, education, and engineering judgment. This document serves as a guide for engineers, inspectors, contractors, and others involved in accepting, rejecting, or evaluating in-place dry- or wet-mix shotcrete.
The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials to strengthen concrete members is an accepted technology. In many applications, performance of FRP-strengthened members during exposure to fire remains a significant concern to design professionals, building officials, and owners. The objective of this TechNote is to provide a brief overview of key concepts, code provisions, and industry guidelines relating to the structural performance of FRP-strengthened members during a fire event.
Research findings regarding the performance of FRP-strengthened members during exposure to fire have been published by Williams et al. (2008). However, design examples and guidance regarding the performance of externally bonded FRP during exposure to fire are not widely available. In addition, differences in the design approaches and load combinations used by the steel and concrete industries, combined with the relatively recent emergence of FRP fire protection systems, have created challenges for practicing engineers tasked with assessing the structural fire resistance of FRP-strengthened members.
Keywords:
fiber-reinforced polymer; fire; fire protection; fireproofing; repair; strengthening.
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Embedded galvanic anodes reduce the corrosion activity of the reinforcing steel in the vicinity of the installed anode. Anodes are installed in areas of the concrete where there is a high likelihood of corrosion occurring or recurring. Type 1 anodes are installed to provide improved protection of uncoated reinforcing steel in the repair area and in adjacent chloride-contaminated or carbonated concrete surrounding the repair area. Type 2 anodes are used in sound chloride-contaminated or carbonated concrete to mitigate corrosion of the reinforcing steel and delay the onset of delamination or spalling of the concrete.
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Cracking can adversely affect the performance and service life of the repair, as cracks provide a more direct path for the ingress of deleterious elements into the repair, creating a durability concern. For structural repairs,
cracks may adversely affect the repair performance and the load-carrying capacity of the repaired structure. Additionally, cracking may be an aesthetic concern. In consideration of the aforementioned, the licensed design
professional should evaluate the cause(s) and consequences of cracks in the repair and, as needed, develop a remediation approach. If the cracks compromise the load-carrying capacity of the repaired structure, appropriate
measures should be taken. ACI 562 requires cracking mitigation to be considered in repair design.
Keywords:
cracking; cracks; durability; nonstructural repair; service life; shrinkage; structural repair.
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