I require following paper. Please upload if some one have.
Mohammed Al-Ansari and Ahmed Senouci, "Drift optimization of high-rise buildings in earthquake zones", Journal of The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, Volume 20, Issue 2, pages 208–222, March 2011
DOI: 10.1002/tal.530
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
A. S. Elnashai and A. M. Mwafy "Overstrength and force reduction factors of multistorey reinforced-concrete buildings", Journal of The Structural Design of Tall Buildings, Volume 11, Issue 5, pages 329–351, 15 December 2002
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Author: Graeme Walter Milton
Edition: illustrated
Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2002
ISBN: 0521781256, 9780521781251
Length: 719 pages
Pdf: 10.8 Mb Pdf Quality Condition: 9 points (over 10)
The theory of composite materials is the study of partial differential equations with rapid oscillations in their coefficients. Although extensively studied for more than a hundred years, an explosion of ideas in the past four decades has dramatically increased our understanding of the relationship among the properties of the constituent materials, the underlying microstructure of a composite, and the overall effective moduli that govern the macroscopic behavior. This renaissance has been fueled by the technological need for improving our knowledge base of composites, by the advance of the underlying mathematical theory of homogenization, by the discovery of new variational principles, by the recognition of how important the subject is to solving structural optimization problems, and by the realization of the connection with the mathematical problem of quasiconvexification. This book surveys these exciting developments at the frontier of mathematics and presents many new results.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
In order to select an optimal structure among possible similar structures, one needs to compare the elastic behavior of the structures. A new criterion that describes elastic behavior is the rate of change of deformation. Using this criterion, the safe dimensions of a structure that are required by the stress distributed in a structure can be calculated. The new non-linear theory of elasticity allows one to determine the actual individual limit of elasticity/failure of a structure using a simple non-destructive method of measurement of deformation on the model of a structure while presently it can be done only with a destructive test for each structure. For building and explaining the theory, a new logical structure was introduced as the basis of the theory. One of the important physical implications of this logic is that it describes mathematically the universal domain of the possible stable physical relations.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Here is a link to a video showing a 6 story wood structure undergoing a shake table test with seismic loading greater than the Northridge earthquake by 1.8 times, and easily surviving. Enjoy.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
This British Standard specifies requirements for topsoils (see 3.1) that are moved or traded. The standard is not intended (or appropriate) for the grading, classification or standardization of topsoil or subsoil that remains in situ. It describes multipurpose and also specific purpose topsoils. As the name implies, multipurpose topsoil is fit for the majority of needs. The standard includes specific purpose topsoils that have low fertility or are acidic or calcareous for the particular specialist needs where such topsoils are required. It also provides guidance on sampling and analysis to ensure compliance with the specifications given in the standard.
NOTE When specifying multipurpose or specific purpose topsoil, suppliers, specifiers and users of topsoil should take into account the intended use of the site at which the topsoil is to be deployed so that the particular properties are fit for the intended planting.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Size: 6.66 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR | Year: 1998 | pages: 348
The United States Bureau of Reclamation has published Part 1 of its Earth Manual, Third Edition, available here for downloading. With 311 pages and 157 figures, the Earth Manual comprehensively covers the engineering of earthen structures. Extensive bibliographies supplement each chapter. An exhaustive index references and cross-references hundreds of terms in the book.
Part 1, presenting the principles and theories of earth engineering, follows the 1990 publication of Part 2, Third Edition. Part 2 contains standard procedures for investigating and testing soil materials.
DIRECT LINKS
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Make your icons small. Go to View - Toolbars - Customize and check the “Use small icons” box.
2. Smart keywords.
If there’s a search you use a lot (let’s say IMDB.com’s people search), this is an awesome tool that not many people use. Right-click on the search box, select “Add a Keyword for this search”, give the keyword a name and an easy-to-type and easy-to-remember shortcut name (let’s say “actor”) and save it. Now, when you want to do an actor search, go to Firefox’s address bar, type “actor” and the name of the actor and press return. Instant search! You can do this with any search box.
3. Keyboard shortcuts.
This is where you become a real Jedi. It just takes a little while to learn these, but once you do, your browsing will be super fast. Here are some of the most common (and my personal favs):
* Spacebar (page down)
* Shift-Spacebar (page up)
* Ctrl+F (find)
* Alt-N (find next)
* Ctrl+D (bookmark page)
* Ctrl+T (new tab)
* Ctrl+K (go to search box)
* Ctrl+L (go to address bar)
* Ctrl+= (increase text size)
* Ctrl+- (decrease text size)
* Ctrl-W (close tab)
* F5 (reload)
* Alt-Home (go to home page)
4. Auto-complete.
This is another keyboard shortcut, but it’s not commonly known and very useful. Go to the address bar (Control-L) and type the name of the site without the “www” or the “.com”. Let’s say “google”. Then press Control-Enter, and it will automatically fill in the “www” and the “.com” and take you there - like magic! For .net addresses, press Shift-Enter, and for .org addresses, press Control-Shift-Enter.
5. Tab navigation.
Instead of using the mouse to select different tabs that you have open, use the keyboard. Here are the shortcuts:
* Ctrl+Tab (rotate forward among tabs)
* Ctrl+Shft+Tab (rotate to the previous tab)
* Ctrl+1-9 (choose a number to jump to a specific tab)
6. Mouse shortcuts.
Sometimes you’re already using your mouse and it’s easier to use a mouse shortcut than to go back to the keyboard. Master these cool ones:
* Middle click on link (opens in new tab)
* Shift-scroll down (previous page)
* Shift-scroll up (next page)
* Ctrl-scroll up (decrease text size)
* Ctrl-scroll down (increase text size)
* Middle click on a tab (closes tab)
7. Delete items from address bar history.
Firefox’s ability to automatically show previous URLs you’ve visited, as you type, in the address bar’s drop-down history menu is very cool. But sometimes you just don’t want those URLs to show up (I won’t ask why). Go to the address bar (Ctrl-L), start typing an address, and the drop-down menu will appear with the URLs of pages you’ve visited with those letters in them. Use the down-arrow to go down to an address you want to delete, and press the Delete key to make it disappear.
8. User chrome.
If you really want to trick out your Firefox, you’ll want to create a UserChrome.css file and customize your browser. It’s a bit complicated to get into here, but check out this tutorial.
9. Create a user.js file.
Another way to customize Firefox, creating a user.js file can really speed up your browsing. You’ll need to create a text file named user.js in your profile folder (see this to find out where the profile folder is) and see this example user.js file that you can modify. Created by techlifeweb.com, this example explains some of the things you can do in its comments.
10. about:config.
The true power user’s tool, about.config isn’t something to mess with if you don’t know what a setting does. You can get to the main configuration screen by putting about:config in the browser’s address bar. See Mozillazine’s about:config tips and screenshots.
11. Add a keyword for a bookmark
Go to your bookmarks much faster by giving them keywords. Right-click the bookmark and then select Properties. Put a short keyword in the keyword field, save it, and now you can type that keyword in the address bar and it will go to that bookmark.
12. Speed up Firefox.
If you have a broadband connection (and most of us do), you can use pipelining to speed up your page loads. This allows Firefox to load multiple things on a page at once, instead of one at a time (by default, it’s optimized for dialup connections). Here’s how:
* Type “about:config” into the address bar and hit return. Type “network.http” in the filter field, and change the following settings (double-click on them to change them):
* Set “network.http.pipelining” to “true”
* Set “network.http.proxy.pipelining” to “true”
* Set “network.http.pipelining.maxrequests” to a number like 30. This will allow it to make 30 requests at once.
* Also, right-click anywhere and select New-> Integer. Name it “nglayout.initialpaint.delay” and set its value to “0?. This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives.
13. Limit RAM usage.
If Firefox takes up too much memory on your computer, you can limit the amount of RAM it is allowed to us. Again, go to about:config, filter “browser.cache” and select “browser.cache.disk.capacity”. It’s set to 50000, but you can lower it, depending on how much memory you have. Try 15000 if you have between 512MB and 1GB ram.
14. Reduce RAM usage further for when Firefox is minimized.
This setting will move Firefox to your hard drive when you minimize it, taking up much less memory. And there is no noticeable difference in speed when you restore Firefox, so it’s definitely worth a go. Again, go to about:config, right-click anywhere and select New-> Boolean. Name it “config.trim_on_minimize” and set it to TRUE. You have to restart Firefox for these settings to take effect.
15. Move or remove the close tab button.
Do you accidentally click on the close button of Firefox’s tabs? You can move them or remove them, again through about:config. Edit the preference for “browser.tabs.closeButtons”. Here are the meanings of each value:
* 0: Display a close button on the active tab only
* 1: (Default) Display close buttons on all tabs
* 2: Don’t display any close buttons
* 3: Display a single close button at the end of the tab bar (Firefox 1.x behavior)
16. Build your own Firefox search engine
Want to power up Firefox's search box? It's easy to create your own search engine, so that you can rifle through any site from right within Firefox. Adding a search engine that has already been written, of course, is easy. Click the down arrow to the left of the search box, select "Manage Search Engines," then click the "Get more search engines" link at the bottom of the screen. From the Web site that appears, click the search engine you want to install, and you're done.
There are plenty of sites that don't have prebuilt search engines, though. No problem: It's easy to build your own search engine. First install the OpenSearchFox add-on. Then, when you're on a search site, right-click the search box and choose the Add OpenSearch plug-in. From the screen that appears (shown below), type in the name that you want to be associated with the search engine, add a description of the search engine and click Next. Then click Finish, and the site will be added as a search engine that you can choose like any other -- by clicking the arrow to the left of the search box and selecting the engine.
Building your own Firefox search engine.
Note that as of this writing, OpenSearchFox doesn't work properly with Firefox v. 2.0.0.10 or 2.0.0.11, although it may be fixed as you read this. When you use the add-on in v. 2.0.0.1 or 2.0.0.11, you'll get an error message after you click Finish, although in some instances, even if you get the error message, the search engine will still be added.
17. Use keywords to speed up your searching
Don't want to go to the trouble of adding your search engine -- or you can't get OpenSearchFox to work properly? Here's another way to do an instant search. When you're at a site, right-click on its search box and select "Add a Keyword for this Search." Type in a name for it and an easy-to-remember shortcut (for example, hp for the Huffington Post blog site). Then click OK. Now, to search the site, go to the Address Bar, and type in your shortcut, followed by a search term, such as hp Clinton. You'll search the site, just as if you were there. Note that on occasion, the search won't work properly, but it will on most sites.
18. Use keywords to speed up bookmarks
Visiting your favorite sites using Firefox's bookmarks is far too much of a chore -- do you really want to do all that mousing around? Instead, you can use keywords to instantly jump to any site you've bookmarked. To do it, after you bookmark a site, right-click on the bookmark, select Properties, type in a short keyword (or even just a letter or two) in the keyword field and click OK. Now, to visit the site, type in the keyword in Firefox's address bar, and you'll jump straight to the site.
Adding a keyword to a bookmark.
19. Put your own graphic on the Firefox tool bar
If you don't like the plain background of Firefox's tool bar, don't worry -- you can put your own graphic there. Type the following into the userChrome.css file and put the graphic that you want to use, background.gif, in the same directory as userChrome.css. The graphic can be any name and any type of image file supported by Firefox.
Here's the code to use:
/* Change the toolbar graphic */
menubar, toolbox, toolbar, .tabbrowser-tabs {
background-image: url("background.gif") !important;
background-color: none !important;
}
The graphic you use will automatically be scaled to fit the tool bar. For example, if it's small, it will be tiled.
Over the years, ongoing developments in steel grades, section shapes and driving techniques have led to a wide range of applications for sheet piling. The applications include securing excavations, waterfront structures, foundations, bridge abutments, noise abatement walls, highway structures, cuttings, landfill and contaminated ground enclosures, and flood protection schemes.
The main engineering advantages of sheet pile walls over other types of wall are:
• the extremely favourable ratio of steel cross-section to moment of resistance,
• their suitability for almost all soil types,
• their suitability for use in water,
• the fast progress on site,
• the ability to carry loads immediately,
• the option of extracting and reusing the sections,
• their easy combination with other rolled sections,
• the option of staggered embedment depths,
• the low water permeability, if necessary using sealed interlocks, and
• there is no need for excavations.
Thanks to the aforementioned engineering advantages, plus their functionality, variability and economy, sheet pile walls have become widely acknowledged and frequently used components in civil and structural engineering projects worldwide.
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the most common sections and interlocks. Detailed information about the HSP sections available can be found in the Sheet Piling Handbook published by ThyssenKrupp GfT Bautechnik. This chapter also includes information on the relevant steel properties, the stress-strain behaviour, steel grade designations, suitability for welding and corrosion. The main driving techniques with their advantages and disadvantages are outlined, and publications containing further information are mentioned.
Chapter 3 describes briefly the field and laboratory investigations required when considering the use of sheet piling and includes the characteristic soil parameters from EAU 2004 as a guide. Of course, the publications referred to plus the valid standards and directives must be taken into account. Geotechnics must always take account of the effects of water. Chapter 4 therefore explains the basics of water flows, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures, and hydraulic ground failure.
Chapter 5 deals with earth pressure. Reference is made to the classic earth pressure theory of Coulomb, the calculation of earth pressures according to current recommendations and standards, the consideration of special boundary conditions and earth pressure redistribution. Earth pressure calculations are explained by means of examples.
Chapter 6 first outlines the safety concept according to DIN 1054:2005-01 and EAU 2004, which is based on the partial safety factor concept of Eurocode 7. The special feature in the calculation of sheet pile walls is that the earth pressure can act as both action and resistance. First of all, the engineer chooses the structural system for the sheet pile wall, e.g. sheet pile wall with one row of anchors, fixed in the ground. The required length of the sheet piles, the anchor forces and the actions on the cross-section necessary for the design are then determined from the equilibrium and support conditions. The calculation and design procedure are explained by means of simple examples.
Chapter 7 provides an overview of current types of anchors, e.g. anchor piles, grouted anchors, tie rods and retractable raking piles. The most important methods of analysis are explained using two examples. DIN 1054:2005-01 also requires a serviceability analysis (limit state LS 2). The principal options here are the method using the modulus of subgrade reaction (please refer to the Recommendations of the Committee for Excavations, EAB 2006), and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The latter has in the meantime become firmly established in practice thanks to the availability of ever-better computer programs. The experiences gained with FEM and recommendations for its use in the design of retaining wall structures can be found in chapter 8. An example explains the principal steps entailed in the modelling work and the interpretation of the results.
Chapter 9 deals with dolphins. The choice of section depends not only on the design, but also on the transport and the method of driving the section into the subsoil, the corrosion requirements and, possibly, multiple use considerations. Chapter 10 provides helpful information in this respect. All that remains to be said at this point is that this sheet piling manual can offer only a brief, incomplete insight into the current state of the art regarding the engineering, design and construction of sheet pile walls. No claim is made with respect to correctness and completeness; ThyssenKrupp GfT Bautechnik will be pleased to receive notification of any omissions and corrections.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
![[Image: 04547193043434376187.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/04547193043434376187.jpg)
![[Image: info.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/info.png)
![[Image: Download.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/Download.png)
![[Image: 44648351822832011173.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/44648351822832011173.jpg)
![[Image: screen.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/screen.png)
![[Image: 61166623823264381211.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/61166623823264381211.jpg)
![[Image: 13715654515192649254.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/13715654515192649254.jpg)
![[Image: 73115742960045561892.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/73115742960045561892.jpg)
![[Image: info.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/icon/info.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: Download.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/icon/Download.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: 01423359641619456546.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/01423359641619456546.jpg)
![[Image: mirror.png]](https://forum.civilea.com/postgen/icon/mirror.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: 59400994639204725210.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/59400994639204725210.jpg)
![[Image: 68873367049146965514.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/68873367049146965514.jpg)
![[Image: 56624495190955253814.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/56624495190955253814.jpg)