Make your icons small. Go to View - Toolbars - Customize and check the “Use small icons” box.
2. Smart keywords.
If there’s a search you use a lot (let’s say IMDB.com’s people search), this is an awesome tool that not many people use. Right-click on the search box, select “Add a Keyword for this search”, give the keyword a name and an easy-to-type and easy-to-remember shortcut name (let’s say “actor”) and save it. Now, when you want to do an actor search, go to Firefox’s address bar, type “actor” and the name of the actor and press return. Instant search! You can do this with any search box.
3. Keyboard shortcuts.
This is where you become a real Jedi. It just takes a little while to learn these, but once you do, your browsing will be super fast. Here are some of the most common (and my personal favs):
* Spacebar (page down)
* Shift-Spacebar (page up)
* Ctrl+F (find)
* Alt-N (find next)
* Ctrl+D (bookmark page)
* Ctrl+T (new tab)
* Ctrl+K (go to search box)
* Ctrl+L (go to address bar)
* Ctrl+= (increase text size)
* Ctrl+- (decrease text size)
* Ctrl-W (close tab)
* F5 (reload)
* Alt-Home (go to home page)
4. Auto-complete.
This is another keyboard shortcut, but it’s not commonly known and very useful. Go to the address bar (Control-L) and type the name of the site without the “www” or the “.com”. Let’s say “google”. Then press Control-Enter, and it will automatically fill in the “www” and the “.com” and take you there - like magic! For .net addresses, press Shift-Enter, and for .org addresses, press Control-Shift-Enter.
5. Tab navigation.
Instead of using the mouse to select different tabs that you have open, use the keyboard. Here are the shortcuts:
* Ctrl+Tab (rotate forward among tabs)
* Ctrl+Shft+Tab (rotate to the previous tab)
* Ctrl+1-9 (choose a number to jump to a specific tab)
6. Mouse shortcuts.
Sometimes you’re already using your mouse and it’s easier to use a mouse shortcut than to go back to the keyboard. Master these cool ones:
* Middle click on link (opens in new tab)
* Shift-scroll down (previous page)
* Shift-scroll up (next page)
* Ctrl-scroll up (decrease text size)
* Ctrl-scroll down (increase text size)
* Middle click on a tab (closes tab)
7. Delete items from address bar history.
Firefox’s ability to automatically show previous URLs you’ve visited, as you type, in the address bar’s drop-down history menu is very cool. But sometimes you just don’t want those URLs to show up (I won’t ask why). Go to the address bar (Ctrl-L), start typing an address, and the drop-down menu will appear with the URLs of pages you’ve visited with those letters in them. Use the down-arrow to go down to an address you want to delete, and press the Delete key to make it disappear.
8. User chrome.
If you really want to trick out your Firefox, you’ll want to create a UserChrome.css file and customize your browser. It’s a bit complicated to get into here, but check out this tutorial.
9. Create a user.js file.
Another way to customize Firefox, creating a user.js file can really speed up your browsing. You’ll need to create a text file named user.js in your profile folder (see this to find out where the profile folder is) and see this example user.js file that you can modify. Created by techlifeweb.com, this example explains some of the things you can do in its comments.
10. about:config.
The true power user’s tool, about.config isn’t something to mess with if you don’t know what a setting does. You can get to the main configuration screen by putting about:config in the browser’s address bar. See Mozillazine’s about:config tips and screenshots.
11. Add a keyword for a bookmark
Go to your bookmarks much faster by giving them keywords. Right-click the bookmark and then select Properties. Put a short keyword in the keyword field, save it, and now you can type that keyword in the address bar and it will go to that bookmark.
12. Speed up Firefox.
If you have a broadband connection (and most of us do), you can use pipelining to speed up your page loads. This allows Firefox to load multiple things on a page at once, instead of one at a time (by default, it’s optimized for dialup connections). Here’s how:
* Type “about:config” into the address bar and hit return. Type “network.http” in the filter field, and change the following settings (double-click on them to change them):
* Set “network.http.pipelining” to “true”
* Set “network.http.proxy.pipelining” to “true”
* Set “network.http.pipelining.maxrequests” to a number like 30. This will allow it to make 30 requests at once.
* Also, right-click anywhere and select New-> Integer. Name it “nglayout.initialpaint.delay” and set its value to “0?. This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives.
13. Limit RAM usage.
If Firefox takes up too much memory on your computer, you can limit the amount of RAM it is allowed to us. Again, go to about:config, filter “browser.cache” and select “browser.cache.disk.capacity”. It’s set to 50000, but you can lower it, depending on how much memory you have. Try 15000 if you have between 512MB and 1GB ram.
14. Reduce RAM usage further for when Firefox is minimized.
This setting will move Firefox to your hard drive when you minimize it, taking up much less memory. And there is no noticeable difference in speed when you restore Firefox, so it’s definitely worth a go. Again, go to about:config, right-click anywhere and select New-> Boolean. Name it “config.trim_on_minimize” and set it to TRUE. You have to restart Firefox for these settings to take effect.
15. Move or remove the close tab button.
Do you accidentally click on the close button of Firefox’s tabs? You can move them or remove them, again through about:config. Edit the preference for “browser.tabs.closeButtons”. Here are the meanings of each value:
* 0: Display a close button on the active tab only
* 1: (Default) Display close buttons on all tabs
* 2: Don’t display any close buttons
* 3: Display a single close button at the end of the tab bar (Firefox 1.x behavior)
16. Build your own Firefox search engine
Want to power up Firefox's search box? It's easy to create your own search engine, so that you can rifle through any site from right within Firefox. Adding a search engine that has already been written, of course, is easy. Click the down arrow to the left of the search box, select "Manage Search Engines," then click the "Get more search engines" link at the bottom of the screen. From the Web site that appears, click the search engine you want to install, and you're done.
There are plenty of sites that don't have prebuilt search engines, though. No problem: It's easy to build your own search engine. First install the OpenSearchFox add-on. Then, when you're on a search site, right-click the search box and choose the Add OpenSearch plug-in. From the screen that appears (shown below), type in the name that you want to be associated with the search engine, add a description of the search engine and click Next. Then click Finish, and the site will be added as a search engine that you can choose like any other -- by clicking the arrow to the left of the search box and selecting the engine.
Building your own Firefox search engine.
Note that as of this writing, OpenSearchFox doesn't work properly with Firefox v. 2.0.0.10 or 2.0.0.11, although it may be fixed as you read this. When you use the add-on in v. 2.0.0.1 or 2.0.0.11, you'll get an error message after you click Finish, although in some instances, even if you get the error message, the search engine will still be added.
17. Use keywords to speed up your searching
Don't want to go to the trouble of adding your search engine -- or you can't get OpenSearchFox to work properly? Here's another way to do an instant search. When you're at a site, right-click on its search box and select "Add a Keyword for this Search." Type in a name for it and an easy-to-remember shortcut (for example, hp for the Huffington Post blog site). Then click OK. Now, to search the site, go to the Address Bar, and type in your shortcut, followed by a search term, such as hp Clinton. You'll search the site, just as if you were there. Note that on occasion, the search won't work properly, but it will on most sites.
18. Use keywords to speed up bookmarks
Visiting your favorite sites using Firefox's bookmarks is far too much of a chore -- do you really want to do all that mousing around? Instead, you can use keywords to instantly jump to any site you've bookmarked. To do it, after you bookmark a site, right-click on the bookmark, select Properties, type in a short keyword (or even just a letter or two) in the keyword field and click OK. Now, to visit the site, type in the keyword in Firefox's address bar, and you'll jump straight to the site.
Adding a keyword to a bookmark.
19. Put your own graphic on the Firefox tool bar
If you don't like the plain background of Firefox's tool bar, don't worry -- you can put your own graphic there. Type the following into the userChrome.css file and put the graphic that you want to use, background.gif, in the same directory as userChrome.css. The graphic can be any name and any type of image file supported by Firefox.
Here's the code to use:
/* Change the toolbar graphic */
menubar, toolbox, toolbar, .tabbrowser-tabs {
background-image: url("background.gif") !important;
background-color: none !important;
}
The graphic you use will automatically be scaled to fit the tool bar. For example, if it's small, it will be tiled.
Over the years, ongoing developments in steel grades, section shapes and driving techniques have led to a wide range of applications for sheet piling. The applications include securing excavations, waterfront structures, foundations, bridge abutments, noise abatement walls, highway structures, cuttings, landfill and contaminated ground enclosures, and flood protection schemes.
The main engineering advantages of sheet pile walls over other types of wall are:
• the extremely favourable ratio of steel cross-section to moment of resistance,
• their suitability for almost all soil types,
• their suitability for use in water,
• the fast progress on site,
• the ability to carry loads immediately,
• the option of extracting and reusing the sections,
• their easy combination with other rolled sections,
• the option of staggered embedment depths,
• the low water permeability, if necessary using sealed interlocks, and
• there is no need for excavations.
Thanks to the aforementioned engineering advantages, plus their functionality, variability and economy, sheet pile walls have become widely acknowledged and frequently used components in civil and structural engineering projects worldwide.
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the most common sections and interlocks. Detailed information about the HSP sections available can be found in the Sheet Piling Handbook published by ThyssenKrupp GfT Bautechnik. This chapter also includes information on the relevant steel properties, the stress-strain behaviour, steel grade designations, suitability for welding and corrosion. The main driving techniques with their advantages and disadvantages are outlined, and publications containing further information are mentioned.
Chapter 3 describes briefly the field and laboratory investigations required when considering the use of sheet piling and includes the characteristic soil parameters from EAU 2004 as a guide. Of course, the publications referred to plus the valid standards and directives must be taken into account. Geotechnics must always take account of the effects of water. Chapter 4 therefore explains the basics of water flows, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures, and hydraulic ground failure.
Chapter 5 deals with earth pressure. Reference is made to the classic earth pressure theory of Coulomb, the calculation of earth pressures according to current recommendations and standards, the consideration of special boundary conditions and earth pressure redistribution. Earth pressure calculations are explained by means of examples.
Chapter 6 first outlines the safety concept according to DIN 1054:2005-01 and EAU 2004, which is based on the partial safety factor concept of Eurocode 7. The special feature in the calculation of sheet pile walls is that the earth pressure can act as both action and resistance. First of all, the engineer chooses the structural system for the sheet pile wall, e.g. sheet pile wall with one row of anchors, fixed in the ground. The required length of the sheet piles, the anchor forces and the actions on the cross-section necessary for the design are then determined from the equilibrium and support conditions. The calculation and design procedure are explained by means of simple examples.
Chapter 7 provides an overview of current types of anchors, e.g. anchor piles, grouted anchors, tie rods and retractable raking piles. The most important methods of analysis are explained using two examples. DIN 1054:2005-01 also requires a serviceability analysis (limit state LS 2). The principal options here are the method using the modulus of subgrade reaction (please refer to the Recommendations of the Committee for Excavations, EAB 2006), and the Finite Element Method (FEM). The latter has in the meantime become firmly established in practice thanks to the availability of ever-better computer programs. The experiences gained with FEM and recommendations for its use in the design of retaining wall structures can be found in chapter 8. An example explains the principal steps entailed in the modelling work and the interpretation of the results.
Chapter 9 deals with dolphins. The choice of section depends not only on the design, but also on the transport and the method of driving the section into the subsoil, the corrosion requirements and, possibly, multiple use considerations. Chapter 10 provides helpful information in this respect. All that remains to be said at this point is that this sheet piling manual can offer only a brief, incomplete insight into the current state of the art regarding the engineering, design and construction of sheet pile walls. No claim is made with respect to correctness and completeness; ThyssenKrupp GfT Bautechnik will be pleased to receive notification of any omissions and corrections.
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The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance for the analysis of sediment areas and arroyos in the SSCAFCA jurisdictional area, including methods for evaluating the potential effect of proposed structures or activities on the vertical and lateral stability of the arroyos and drainageways, and for establishing the Lateral Erosion Envelope (LEE) line. The LEE line is a boundary along an arroyo or drainageway that would have a low possibility of being disturbed by erosion, scour, or lateral migration of a natural (unlined) arroyo by storms up to and including the 100-year storm.
This Design Guide describes basic concepts related to the physical processes that control arroyo behavior, provides engineering tools that can be used to quantitatively analyze specific processes, and provides guidance on combining these tools to predict short- and long-term arroyo behavior.
The manual also provides guidance on selecting countermeasures to mitigate potential erosion or flooding problems in key areas, Chapter 2 describes the basic geomorphic and watershed processes that are important in the SSCAFCA area. Chapter 3 provides the individual tools with which to analyze specific aspects of arroyo dynamics, including the following:
• the Incised Channel Evolution Model that explains the progression through which most arroyos evolve in an urbanizing environment,
• methods for assessing hydraulic and sediment transport conditions in the arroyos,
• methods for using that information to assess vertical and lateral adjustability,
• a method for identifying the location of the LEE line, and
• methods for quantifying local scour at various types of structures that are common in the
SSCAFCA area,
Chapter 4 describes the general solution procedures that should be used to combine the specific tools that are provided in Chapter 3 to perform an overall assessment of arroyo stability, progressing from qualitative evaluation of pertinent information through quantitative analysis. Chapter 4 also provides guidance in interpreting the results of the quantitative analysis to identify the nature of the hazard (i.e., flooding erosion or sedimentation) to developed properties along the arroyo, and methods of identifying appropriate methods to mitigate those hazards.
Finally,Chapter 5 provides general guidance on selecting and designing erosion barriers that may be incorporated with the LEE line to accomplish the dual goals of maintaining natural or naturalistic conditions while limiting the width of the erosion limit corridor. A set of example problems are provided in Appendix E to illustrate the use of the various relationships.
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Does anyone have the book "Prefabricated concrete for industrial and public structures" by Laszlo Mokk, or any info regarding the design of "socket base connections".
Bridges are of vital importance to the European infrastructure and composite bridges already became a popular solution in many countries and a well-established alternative to concrete bridges. Their competitiveness depends on several circumstances such as site conditions, local costs of material and staff and the contractor’s experience. One outstanding advantage of composite bridges compared to concrete bridges is that the steel girders can carry the weight of the formwork and the fresh concrete during casting. Another major advantage is the savings in construction time, which reduces the traffic disturbance, consequently saves money for the contractor but even more for the road users; a fact that for a long time has been neglected. Recently this factor is increasingly drawn into focus as latest studies show the necessity of taking not only the simple production costs but also the construction time and the maintenance costs into account when deciding for a specific bridge type. Thus nowadays the following demands are imposed on bridge structures, which are all met by the construction of composite bridges
• low production and maintenance costs
• short construction time, saving costs for traffic disturbances
• bridge construction without essential interference of the traffic under the bridge
• minimised traffic disturbance for maintenance
All these needs are met by integral abutment bridges as well. In addition, this bridge type holds the potential to outclass traditional bridges with transition joints as it does not only reduce production and maintenance costs but saves economic and socio-economic costs as well.
• The superstructure can be designed quite slender, which decreases the construction height and the earthworks respectively. This leads to a further decrease of material, fabrication, transport and construction costs.
• Frame bridges allow in certain spans for the elimination of the middle support. This simplifies the construction of the bridge without essential interference of the traffic under the bridge, as the road has not to be closed.
• Due to the absence of bearings and joints, the maintenance costs can be decreased significantly.
This design guide is addressed to designers, constructors, owners and authorities to help them during the whole process of decision making, planning, design and construction of integral abutment bridges.
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This Manual provides a comprehensive guideline to be followed by engineering consultants for pavement design for new roadway and final stage pavement construction, including reconstruction and widening, and rehabilitation. Engineering consultants are responsible for the surfacing strategy and detailed structural pavement design on roadway design project assignments. For the purposes of this Manual, pavement refers to all layers of the pavement structure above the subgrade. An objective of the Manual is to ensure a degree of consistency in designs provided by engineering consultants by following specific structural design methodologies within a general framework. At the same time the design process provides sufficient flexibility to allow for the judgement and innovation by experienced pavement design engineers to address the specific conditions of each project.
Alberta Transportation and Utilities (AT&U) will continue to be the custodian of all pavement evaluation, management and inventory data. These data will be available for use by engineering consultants. AT&U=s role in the design process will be to review pavement designs provided by consultants for completeness, conformance to the design philosophies and methodologies outlined in the Manual, and to ensure that the design is supported by appropriate engineering investigation and evaluation.
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Author: Young, S E Chang, F | Size: 2.38 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: FHWA | Year: 1993 | pages: 138
The manual provides guidelines and procedures for designing bridge deck drainage systems, including illustrative examples. It includes design theory, step-by-step design procedures, and illustrative examples. Drainage system design is approached from the viewpoints of hydraulic capacity, traffic safety, structural integrity, practical maintenance, and architectural aesthetics. System hardware components, such as inlets, pipes, and downspouts, are described. Guidance for selecting a design gutter spread and flood frequency are provided. System details and existing computer models are discussed.
DIRECT LINKS
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you were warned for posting transparent link. please read this before making further posts if you want to avoid getting more warning points:
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amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=+Dam-break+Problems,+Solutions+and+Case+Studies&x=0&y=0
its new name in the latest Edition is
"Dam-break: Modeling, Laboratory Tests, Prevention, Defence and Case Studies"
Author: Jean-Pierre Ollivier | Size: 4.23 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: University of Sao Paulo | Year: 1198 | pages: 136 | ISBN: ISSN 01039830
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