API 579-1/ASME FFS-1(API 579 SECOND EDITION) Fitness-For-Service

The ASME and API new construction codes and standards for pressurized equipment provide rules for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of new pressure vessels, piping systems, and storage tanks. These codes do not provide rules to evaluate equipment that degrades while in-service and deficiencies due to degradation or from original fabrication that may be found during subsequent inspections. API 510, API 570, API 653, and NB-23 Codes/Standards for the inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating of in- service pressure vessels, piping systems, and storage tanks do address the fact that equipment degrades while in service. Fitness-For-Service (FFS) assessments are quantitative engineering evaluations that are performed to demonstrate the structural integrity of an in-service component that may contain a flaw or damage. This Standard provides guidance for conducting FFS assessments using methodologies specifically prepared for pressurized equipment. The guidelines provided in this Standard can be used to make run-repair-replace decisions to help determine if pressurized equipment containing flaws that have been identified by inspection can continue to operate safely for some period of time. These FFS assessments are currently recognized and referenced by the API Codes and Standards (510, 570, & 653), and by NB-23 as suitable means for evaluating the structural integrity of pressure vessels, piping systems and storage tanks where inspection has revealed degradation and flaws in the equipment.

Stress Intensity Factor and Limit Load Handbook

This report provides a collation of stress intensity factor and limit load solutions for defective components. It includes the Stress Intensity Factor (SIFs) in the R6 Code software and in other computer programs, which have not previously been contained in a single source reference. This document has been produced as part of the BRITE-URAM project SINTAP which aims to develop a defect assessment approach for the European Community. Most of the solutions presented in this document were collated from industry and establishments in the UK (Nuclear Electric Ltd, Magnox Electric Plc and HSE), Sweden (SAQ Kontroll AB) and Germany (Fraunhofer IWM, and GKSS). The solutions are compared to standard solutions published elsewhere and to those in the American Petroleum Institute document API 579. In this second issue, the quality of the figures has been improved, minor typographical errors found in the previous issue have been corrected, and comments from partners in SINTAP have been addressed.

Geosynthetics Reinforcement in Waste Containment Applications

Construction of soil and aggregate layers on steep slopes or over potential voids is becoming more common in many areas of the country. This is because the construction of new waste containment and liquid impoundment facilities and the expansion or closing of old waste facilities has become environmentally necessary to assure protection of groundwater supplies. Often these facilities must be designed to maximize storage volume, creating steep slopes, or to overcome inadequate foundation conditions, including foundation voids, while incorporating the best available containment technology. Thus designers are commonly faced with assuring the integrity and stability of sophisticated containment systems constructed on steep slopes and over void-prone foundations.
To assure optimal performance, state-of-the-art waste containment systems commonly include both conventional soil materials as well as geosynthetics. Yet, system instability or damage may result when soil - geosynthetic layers are placed on a steep slope or over a void. Reinforcing these soil layers provides a cost effective means to achieve long-term stability of soil - geosynthetic lining systems.

Soil Retaining Structures

Multi-scale Modelling for Structures and Composites

Numerous applications of rod structures in civil engineering, aircraft and spacecraft confirm the importance of the topic. On the other hand the majority of books on structural mechanics use some simplifying hypotheses; these hypotheses do not allow to consider some important effects, for instance the boundary layer effects near the points of junction of rods. So the question concerning the limits of applicability of structural mechanics hypotheses and the possibilities of their refinement arise. In this connection the asymptotic analysis of equations of mathematical physics, the equations of elasticity in rod structures (without these hypotheses and simplifying assumptions being imposed) is undertaken in the present book. Moreover, a lot of modern structures are made of composite materials and therefore the material of the rods is not homogeneous. This inhomogeneity of the material can generate some unexpected effects. These effects are analysed in this book. The methods of multi-scale modelling are presented by the homogenization, multi-level asymptotic analysis and the domain decomposition. These methods give an access to a new class of hybrid models combining macroscopic description with "microscopic zooms".

Content Level » Research

Related subjects » Dynamical Systems & Differential Equations - Mathematics - Mechanics

TABLE OF CONTENTS
From the contents

Introduction: Basic Notions and Methods.- Heterogeneous rods.- Heterogeneous Plate.- Finite Rod Structures.- Lattice Structures.- The Multi-Scale Domain Decomposition.- References. Subject Index.

Theory of Matrix Structural Analysis

Prediction of Ground Motion and Loss Scenarios for Selected Infrastructure Systems in European Urban Environments

The report is intended to make earthquake engineers familiar with the main methods and computational tools needed for developing scenarios of earthquake ground motions and of ensuing damage to representative urban Infrastructure Systems (IS), as well as with illustrative examples of application to cities in Europe and neighbouring countries. The material illustrated is the outcome of the work carried out in LESSLOSS Sub-Project SP11, devoted to the title subject. Of main concern are the water and natural gas distribution networks and the sewage networks, because these are, with the transportation network, by far the most extensive IS in cities and, especially the first one, often the most vulnerable. Also, emphasis is placed more on the tools for achieving a scenario and on their application, rather than on the economic loss evaluation. As a partial justification of the belated development and interest in seismic IS damage, it is recalled that destructive earthquakes of recent decades in Europe did not cause large scale damage to IS. In addition to describing tools for the practical construction of damage scenarios for IS, the report also highlights some innovative research trends in the field, especially the methods leading to the estimation of pipeline damage on the basis of the peak ground strains generated by the propagation of seismic waves, which in turn needs the support of advanced 2D or 3D wave propagation modelling.
The main sections of the report are devoted to:
- Calculation of seismic ground motions in an area, both of advanced and simplified engineering level, with applications for Thessaloniki and Düzce (Sect 2);
- Outline of the buried pipelines response during earthquakes, illustrating the chief elements at play on the side of the seismic loading effects and typical damage (Sect. 3);
- Vulnerability representations for IS components, mostly those consisting of buried pipelines (Sect. 4);
- Typical features of IS inventories, with examples (Sect 5);
- Damage evaluation tools at urban scenario and single pipeline level (Sect. 6);
- Damage scenario applications for Thessaloniki and Düzce (Sect 7);
- Conclusions.