International Seminar on Computer Aided Analysis and Design Of Building Structures
Institute of Engineers Malaysia
Computers and Structures Inc., USA
Asian Center for Engineering Computations and Software Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
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LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN BY Theodore V. Galambos
Author: Theodore V. Galambos Washington University C.E. Dept St. Louis, Missouri 63130 | Size: 321 KB | Format:PDF | Publisher: National Engineering Conference sponsored by AISC | Year: 1981 | pages: 34
The LRFD Specification is now (May 1981) ready to be debated by the Specification Advisory Committee of the AISC. The draft has been put together by Professor Steven Fenves of Carnegie-Mellon University and a number of Task Committees of the AISC.
The document is an entirely self-contained specification which encompasses all the parts of the well known 1978 AISC Specification, It is arranged in accordance with the decision table logic developed by Professor Fenves. It is subdivided by members (e.g., tension members, compression members, flexure members, connections), and each type element is given the appropriate resistance factor and the nominal resistance for each applicable limit state. The -factors are determined by the probabilistic method described earlier in this paper. The applicable load factors are those which were recommended for the ANSI load standard (Ref. 2). The AISC LRFD Specification has, in addition to the arrangement and the LRFD format, also a number of other new features. It is not the intent here to enumerate these in detail, and only a few will be mentioned: beams (Fig. 10) and beam-columns (Fig. 11) will be treated differently from the 1978 AISC Specification; composite beam design will be based on ultimate strength concepts; and, for the first time, the Specification will contain provisions for the design of composite columns.
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The Incorrect and the Correct Reinforcing Detailing Of R.C.C Members
WHO IS AN ENGINEER?
According to USA President Herbert Hoover, who was an engineer before he became a politician, said:
The great liability of the engineer …compared to men of other professions……is that his works are out in the open where all can see them.
His acts …..step by step …are in hard substances.
He cannot bury his mistakes in the grave like the DOCTORS.
He cannot argue them into thin air…..or blame the judge…..like the LAWYERS.
He cannot, like the ARCHITECT, cover his figures with trees and vines.
He cannot, like the politicians, screen his shortcomings by blaming his opponents….and hope the people will forget. The ENGINEER simply cannot deny he did it.
If his works do not work……he is damned.
A design engineer’s responsibility should include assuring the structural safety of the design, details, checking shop drawing.
Detailing is as important as design since proper detailing of engineering designs is an essential link in the planning and engineering process as some of the most devasting collapses in history have been caused by defective connections or DETAILING. There are many examples explained in the book" DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FAILURES by Dov Kaminetzky.
Detailing is very important not only for the proper execution of the structures but for the safety of the structures.
Detailing is necessary not only for the steel structures but also for the RCC members as it is the translation of all the mathematical expression’s and equation’s results.
For the RCC members for most commonly used for buildings we can divide the detailing for
SLABS-WITH OR WITHOUT OPENINGS.(RECTANGULAR,CIRCULAR,NON-RECTANGULAR-PYRAMID SLAB,TRIANGULAR ETC) -BALCONY SLAB,LOFT SLAB,CORNER SLAB etc
BEAMS- WITH OR WITHOUT OPENINGS.(SHALLOW & DEEP BEAMS)
COLUMNS.(RECTANGULAR,L-SHAPE,T-SHAPE, CIRCULAR,OCTAGONAL,CROSS SHAPE etc) FOUNDATIONS.
Detailing for gravity loads is different from the lateral loads specially for the SEISMIC FORCES.
Apart from the detailing for the above there is a different detailing required for the Rehabilitation and strengthening of damaged structures.
We will now dwell on the DETAILING OF MEMBERS FOR THE GRAVITY AND SOME CODAL DETAILING AS PER IS CODE IS 13920 AND IS 4326 AS REQUIRED FOR SEISMIC FORCES.
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I am researching and designing the onshore wind turbine foundation and its behaviour on soils (Influence of wind turbine foundations action on soils) and would like to ask some advices and recomendations.
Maybe could anybody to recomend and advice some literature or give other information where i could to find:
- about wind loads and its influence for foundation (dynamic loads);
- about natural frequency of construction and its evaluation;
- about soils characteristics and its evaluation (dynamic modulus of stiffness and etc.);
- about designing of foundations and etc.
All information is useful for me about onshore wind turbines.
Preliminary information on the recorded strong ground motions during the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake available in the following link:
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LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN SPECIFICATION 1999
Author: AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC) | Size: 2.332 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION (AISC) | Year: 1999 | pages: 327
The AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings is based on reliability theory. As have all AISC Specifications, this Specification has been based upon past successful usage, advances in the state of knowledge, and changes in design practice. This Specification has been developed as a consensus document to provide a uniform practice in the design of steel-framed buildings. The intention is to provide design criteria for routine use and not to provide specific criteria for infrequently encountered problems, which occur in the full range of structural design.
This Specification is the result of the consensus deliberations of a committee of structural engineers with wide experience and high professional standing, representing a wide geographical distribution throughout the U.S. The committee includes approximately equal numbers of engineers in private practice and code agencies, engineers involved in research and teaching, and engineers employed by steel fabricating and producing companies.
The contributions and assistance of more than 50 additional professional volunteers working in 15 task committees are also hereby acknowledged. The Symbols, Glossary, and Appendices to this Specification are an integral part of the Specification. A non-mandatory Commentary has been prepared to provide background for the Specification provisions and the user is encouraged to consult it. The principal changes incorporated in this edition of the Specification include:
• Dual units format. Values and equations are given in both U.S. customary and metric units. The metric conversions (given in parentheses following the U.S. units) are based on ASTM E380, Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI). The equations are non-dimensionalized where possible by factoring out material constants, such as E and G.
• Inclusion of new structural steels ASTM A913 and A992.
• Additional notch toughness requirements for complete-joint-penetration groove welds with tension applied normal to the effective area.
• New provisions for stability bracing of beams, columns, and frames.
• New Chapter N for evaluation of existing structures.
• Revised provisions for member design under fatigue loading in Appendix K.
• Reorganization of material on pin-connected members and eyebars.
• Revised provisions for concrete-encased beams.
• New limitation on the stud reduction factor when a single stud is used in a rib.
• Revised bolt bearing strength criteria.
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Waste Water Treatment and Reuse in the Mediterranean Region (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry)
Waste Water Treatment and Reuse in the Mediterranean Region (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry)
Author(s): Damia Barcelo and Mira Petrovic
Publisher: Springer
Date: 2011-01-11
Format: pdf
Language: English
ISBN10: 3642182801
Pages: 300
ISBN13: 9783642182808
Product Description:
Water scarcity and the need for ecological sustainability have led to the introduction of treated waste water as an additional water resource in the national water resource management plans of Mediterranean countries. Summarizing the results generated within the European Union-funded project INNOVA-MED, this volume highlights the following topics:
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Application of innovative technologies and practices for waste water treatment and reuse adapted to the Mediterranean region
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Constraints on the application of advanced treatments and reuse of reclaimed water and sludge
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Problems and requirements of sustainable water management in the Mediterranean area
The book includes several examples of Mediterranean countries, such as Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Palestine and Spain, and presents their practical experiences in the application of innovative processes and practices for waste water treatment and reuse.
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The scope of this Structure Study is to document the development process for the preferred alignment of the main bridge crossing the Detroit River including both the main structure over the river and the U.S. approach structure. The Canadian members of the Border Transportation Partnership will perform further development of the Canadian approach structure later. For the recommended project alternative, or Preferred Alternative, two bridge types, suspension and cable-stayed, are advanced for further development in this Early Preliminary Engineering phase.
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