Abstract: Silos are special structures subjected to many different unconventional loading conditions, which result in unusual failure
modes. Failure of a silo can be devastating as it can result in loss of the container, contamination of the material it contains, loss of
material, cleanup, replacement costs, environmental damage, and possible injury or loss of life. Silo damage and failures that occurred in
different regions of the world are presented in the paper using illustrative photos. Also provided are a review and discussion of the
common or spectacular silo failures due to explosion and bursting, asymmetrical loads created during ο¬lling or discharging, large and
nonuniform soil pressure, corrosion of metal silos, deterioration of concrete silos due to silage acids, internal structural collapse, and
thermal ratcheting. Silo damage and failures from several earthquakes are also presented.
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Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test methods for the determination of the laboratory reference density and water content. Proctor compaction, European committee for standardization.
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BS EN 13286-42:2003
Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures
Status: Current
Publication Date: 18 March 2003
Cross References: prEN 13286-50, prEN 13286-51, prEN 13286-52, prEN 13286-53
International Relationships: EN 13286-42:2003 Identical
Supersedes Draft: 00/101853 DC
Descriptors: Roads, Construction materials, Mixtures, Tensile strength, Strength of materials, Tensile testing, Mechanical testing
ICS: 93.080.20
Committee: B/510/4
ISBN: 0580414159
Publisher: BSI
Format: A4
Pages: 12
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This Standard specifies the requirements for cold-formed, electric resistance-welded, carbon steel hollow sections used for structural purposes. It considers three strength grades, with or without impact properties, that are suitable for welding. It is applicable to structural hollow sections formed cold without subsequent heat treatment. The Standard does not cover submerged arc-welded, helically welded or Uβed and Oβed steel hollow sections. For guidelines on information to be supplied at the time of enquiry or order, see Appendix A. Means for demonstrating conformance with this Standard are given in Appendix B.
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"Code Approaches to Seismic Design of Masonry-Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames: A State-of-the-Art Review"
Hemant B. Kaushik, Durgesh C. Rai, and Sudhir K. Jain
Earthquake Spectra Volume 22, Issue 4, pp. 961-983 (November 2006)
Issue Date: November 2006
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This comprehensive text explores the technologies and developments in excavations for any type of surface or underground excavation. The first several chapters cover unit operations, including drilling, explosives and blasting, mucking, haulage, hoisting, and supports and reinforcement. The book then describes excavation techniques for various operations, such as tunneling, raising, sinking, drifting, stoping, quarrying and surface mining, underground mining, pillar blasting, and liquidation. It also examines the design, planning, and analysis of excavations as well as the construction of surface and subsurface excavations, such as caverns. Case studies focus on heavy underground blasting during pillar recoveries.
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