If you design or specify lighting in workspace layouts, then you'll need to know about changes to the standard for lighting indoor work places, which might affect your work.
The standard's aim is to encourage designers to plan and introduce appropriate lighting controls for regular lighting layouts in buildings. It will be especially useful when subdividing lighting for use only when a specific area is occupied.
What changes have been made to BS EN 12464-1?
Significant changes in this revised version aim to encourage you to consider all light sources, including natural light, not just electric lighting, as previously.
It recognises the importance of daylight for energy saving.
It includes the requirement for ceiling and wall illuminance to increase the brightness of a room.
Other changes include:
Importance of daylight is taken into account: Requirements for lighting are generally applicable independent if provided by artificial lighting, daylight or a combination of both
Specification of a minimum illuminance on walls and ceilings
Specification of cylindrical illuminance and detailed information on modelling
Uniformity of illuminance is assigned to tasks and activities
Definition of an illuminance grid is in accordance with EN 12464-2
New luminance limits are set for luminaires used with Display Screen equipment (DSE), the description of display screens is according ISO 9214-307.
Adequate and appropriate lighting enables people to perform visual tasks efficiently and accurately. The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of work places is governed by the type and duration of the activity.
BS EN 12464 is the standard that specifies lighting requirements for people in indoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance of people having normal ophthalmic (visual) capacity. All usual visual tasks are considered, including display screen equipment (DSE).
Part 1 of BS EN 12464 specifies the requirements for lighting solutions for most indoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice.
BS EN 12464-1 does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of people at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of the EC treaty, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this European Standard, usually fulfil safety needs.
Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work can be contained in Directives based on Article 153 of the EC treaty, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states.
BS EN 12464 neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques, nor restricts the use of innovative equipment. The illumination can be provided by daylight, artificial lighting or a combination of both.
BS EN 12464 does not apply to the lighting of outdoor work places and underground mining or emergency lighting. For outdoor work places, see BS EN 12464-2 and for emergency lighting, see BS EN 1838 and BS EN 13032-3 .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Contents of BS EN 12464-1 include:
Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Lighting design criteria
Luminous environment
Luminance distribution
Reflectance of surfaces
Illuminance on surfaces
lluminance
Scale of illuminance
Illuminances on the task area
Illuminance on the immediate surrounding area
Illuminance on the background area
Illuminance uniformity
Illuminance grid
Glare
Discomfort glare
Shielding against glare
Veiling reflections and reflected glare
Lighting in the interior space
Mean cylindrical illuminance requirement in the activity space
Modelling
Directional lighting of visual tasks
Colour aspects
Colour appearance
Colour rendering
Flicker and stroboscopic effects
Lighting of work stations with Display Screen Equipment (DSE)
Luminaire luminance limits with downward flux
Maintenance factor
Energy efficiency requirements
Additional benefits of daylight
Variability of light
Schedule of lighting requirements
Composition of the tables
Schedule of interior areas, tasks and activities
Lighting requirements for interior areas, tasks and activities
Verification procedures
Illuminances
Unified Glare Rating
Colour rendering and colour appearance
Luminaire luminance
Maintenance schedule
Typical values of grid point spacing
A-deviation
Bibliography
Index of interior areas, tasks and activities
It is important that all clauses of BS EN 12464 are followed, although the specific requirements are tabulated in the schedule of lighting requirements.
BS EN 12464-1:2011 replaces BS EN 12464-1:2002 Light and lighting. Lighting of work places. Indoor work places, which has been withdrawn.
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BS EN 12464-2 is the standard that focuses on the recommendations for outdoor work places that are used at night. BS EN 12464-2 includes important recommendations on how obtrusive light can be limited, to keep our night sky free of light pollution.
Part 2 of BS EN 12464 provides the lighting design criteria for 15 installation task groups and 97 task activities. It also defines the maintenance, energy efficiency and system verification procedures. BS EN 12464 is essential reference for all lighting designers and users.
To enable people to perform outdoor visual tasks efficiently and accurately, especially during the night, adequate and appropriate lighting has to be provided.
The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of outdoor work places is governed by the type and duration of activity.
BS EN 12464-2 is the standard that specifies the requirements for lighting of tasks in most outdoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination.
In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice. Lighting requirements for outdoor work places are specified to meet the needs for visual comfort and performance and all usual visual tasks are considered.
The BS EN 12464-2 standard provides guidance rather than specific solutions, and so the designer will have free choice to explore new techniques and use innovative equipment.
Contents of BS EN 12464-2 include:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Lighting design criteria
Luminous environment and distribution
Illuminance on the task area and surroundings
Illuminance grid
Uniformity and diversity
Glare rating
Veiling reflections and reflected glare
Obtrusive light
Directional lighting
Modelling
Directional lighting of visual tasks
Colour aspects, appearance and rendering
Flicker and stroboscopic effects
Maintenance factor (MF)
Energy considerations
Sustainability
Emergency lighting
Schedule of lighting requirements
The schedule of areas, tasks and activities
Lighting requirements for areas, tasks and activities
Verification procedures
Colour Rendering Index
Obtrusive light
Lighting requirements for safety and security
Bibliography
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Hi dear friends
I couldn't find this proceeding
I severely need it!!!
But I don't know where?
I will really appreciate it if any body can help me
Proceedings pro005 : International Conference on the Role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete
Title: International Conference on the Role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete
Edited by J. G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villarreal
ISBN: 2-912143-05-5
e-ISBN: 2351580214
Pages: 520
Publication date: 1999
The International Conference on the Use of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete provides a forum for presentation and discussion of state-of-the-art advances in the use of admixtures to produce high performance concrete.
In the last ten years the development of new chemical admixtures has been outstanding. The introduction of acrylic polymers,anti-corrosion chemicals, new anti-wash admixtures and more effective air entraining agents etc., has resulted in the production of concretes with better performance and durability. At the same time, the dangers arising from incompatibility when combining admixtures or using different cements with one admixture. The conference therefore will be the best forum for interchanging research results and experiences and for presenting up to date scientific and technological advances on the use of admixtures for the production of High Performance Concrete.
This publication brings together outstanding work contributed by scientists and technologists from around the world. It provides the most up-to-date information from experts in the field of chemical admixtures in concrete.
link:
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This is the first book to integrate reliability analysis and risk assessment with the planning, design, and management of hydrosystems (dams, levees, storm sewers, etc.). Requiring only a basic knowledge of probability and statistics, readers will be able to determine how hydrosystem structures will perform under various circumstances.
From the Back Cover
INTEGRATE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT AND RISK ANALYSIS INTO PLANNING, DESIGN, AND MANAGEMENT
This comprehensive text is the first to integrate reliability analysis and risk assessment into the planning, design, and management of hydrosystems. Written by internationally respected authorities, Hydrosystems Engineering Reliability Assessment and Risk Analysis provides the tools for designing safer, more reliable dams, storm sewer networks, water treatment plants, and pollution control systems.
Offering example problems that demonstrate the prediction of safety and reliability under different design scenarios, the authors illustrate the application of mathematical tools that quantify reliability and risk. With this book readers can improve the performance, durability (through maintenance scheduling/time to failure analysis), and predictability of hydrosystem designs.
Hydrosystems Engineering Reliability Assessment and Risk Analysis:
Brings together in a single resource mathematical risk and reliability analysis methods needed to improve planning, design, and performance of hydrosystems
Demonstrates statistical and probability tools for solving a broad range of hydrosystem engineering problems
Provides the tools needed to predict hydrosystem project behavior and lifespan under various risk scenarios
Shows engineers and students how to conduct risk and reliability assessments
Offers examples of each application, in both U.S. and international units
Provides sets of Q & A's for self-testing after every chapter
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From time to time it happens that your computer simply stops working properly, due to viruses or hard disk malfunction. Those are very sad moments, all your work seems to be lost forever. There are recovery options like companies or software but expensive or you simply don't want others to see your private data. And it also happens to forget to make those recommended by everyone backups.
There is an all in one solution and it's free, frequently updated, without viruses, spyware: Hiren's BootCD The best must have I know of, related to recovery.
In fact a collection of free and shareware software tools related to: Antivirus, Backup , BIOS / CMOS, Cleaners, Device Driver, File Systems, Hard Disk, MBR, Network , Optimizers (defragment), Partition, Password Recovery, Data Recovery, Registry, Testing, Tweaking and many more.
All of them are available through a live cd, this means that you don't need an working operating system to use it, in fact you don't even need hard disk.
How to use: simply download the cd image, write it to a blank cd using for example imgburn another free utility, and boot from that cd.
Also some of them are available in current operating system, simply insert the cd and an autorun menu will help you pick your tool.
Complete information regarding Hirens live cd included software:
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What is a Live CD, and a partial list of available live cds:
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Until now I've successfully used it to recover data from 2 malfunction hard disk drives using included shareware tool Partition Find and Mount. And to fix one drive with included free tool HDD Capacity Restore.
Hello,
I've put this thread here since is not the type of request. More like advice.
I'm thinking of getting into the meshfree method, but I'm not sure from where to start. I could easily take one of the books that are in the forum and start with that but I'm looking for advice with what specifically to start, and from where. What book is the best for that? Is there any lecture notes?
Or maybe state-of-the-art paper.
Any advice is good, and I'm thankful for it.
Best regards
freequo
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