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we can restore these data from our backup but it needs to be closed site and also need we accept high risk to destroy other information.
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The use of fibrous materials in civil engineering, both as structural reinforcement and in non-structural applications such as geotextiles, is an important and interesting development. Fibrous and composite materials for civil engineering applications analyzes the types and properties of fibrous textile and structures and their applications in reinforcement and civil engineering.
Part 1 introduces different types of fibrous textiles and structures. Chapters cover the properties of natural and man-made fibers and of yarns, as well as an overview of textile structures. Part 2 focuses on fibrous material use in concrete reinforcement, with chapters on the properties and applications of steel fiber reinforced concrete, natural fiber reinforced concrete and the role of fiber reinforcement in mitigating shrinkage cracks. In part 3, the applications of fibrous material-based composites in civil engineering are covered. Chapters concentrate on production techniques and applications such as reinforcement of internal structures, structural health monitoring and textile materials in architectural membranes.
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Environmental Science Experiments introduces students to the challenges in balancing the use of resources with maintaining a healthy environment. The experiments in this title encourage students to increase their awareness of the environment, the impact of environmental change, and how Earth's residents can stop or slow the destruction of habitats. From experiments about acid rain and oil spills to studying a freshwater habitat and investigating alternative fuels, the experiments in this book will serve as inspiration for students to pursue an education in a related field.
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Plastic load bearing capacity of multispan composite highway bridges with longitudinally stiffened webs
Harald Unterweger, Andreas Lechner and Richard Greiner
Abstract; Full Text (1167K)
Parameters influencing seismic response of horizontally curved, steel, I-girder bridges
Daniel G. Linzell and Venkata P. Nadakuditi
Abstract; Full Text (2777K)
Experimental and numerical studies on concrete encased embossments of steel strips under shear action for composite slabs with profiled steel decking
Noémi Seres, László Dunai
Abstract; Full Text (1747K)
Forced vibration of an embedded single-walled carbon nanotube traversed by a moving load using nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory
Mesut Simsek
Abstract; Full Text (726K)
Experimental evaluation on the seismic performance of steel knee braced frame structures with energy dissipation mechanism
H.-L. Hsu, J.-L. Juang and C.-H. Chou
Abstract; Full Text (1224K)
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BS 5839-1:2002+A2:2008 Fire detection and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice for system design, installation, commissioning and maintenance
BS 5839-1:2002+A2:2008 sets the standard for fire detection and alarm systems in non-residential buildings. This code of practice gives essential guidance on effective design, installation and maintenance. And these are the latest recommendations on protecting your organization through fire detection and prevention. BS 5839-1:2002+A2:2008 applies to all fire alarm systems, from small manual networks to complex automated systems.
Best practice guidelines cover:
fire extinguishing equipment
smoke control
automated door release
and other critical safety measures.
Guidance on fire detection and alarm systems in residential buildings is given in BS 5839-6 .
How does it work?
BS 5839-1:2002+A2:2008 shows you how to meet the fire detection and alarm system code of practice. It takes you from planning and design to installation and maintenance, outlining responsibilities and competencies for fire risk assessment.
All fire alarm system types are simplified and explained, including:
automatic and multi-sensor detection
carbon monoxide and video smoke detection
cable types in networked systems
how to limit false alarms through more efficient design.
Who should buy it?
Risk and health and safety managers and auditors
Fire alarm engineers and inspectors
Organizations that want to update an existing fire detection and alarm system
Organization that want to implement a fire detection and alarm system.
What’s new?
BS 5839-1:2002+A2:2008 has been revised to include the latest technology and recommendations for fire detection and alarm systems.
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Cement and concrete technology, Cements, Quantitative analysis, Chemical analysis and testing, Composition, Determination of content, Dissolution, Clinker, Blast-furnace slag aggregates, Aggregates, Pozzolanas, Fly ash, Limestone
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Concrete Society Technical Report 63
Guidance for the design of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete
Author: The Concrete Society | Size: 10.9 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: The Concrete Society | Year: 2007 | pages: 109 | ISBN: 1904482325
Although steel-fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has been used in the UK and elsewhere for a number of years, there are no agreed design approaches for many of the current applications. This differs from conventional reinforced concrete using steel bars or welded fabric, which has been covered by national and international design codes for many years.
One example is the design of pile-supported floors, which are widely used for industrial buildings, warehouses and similar applications, for which various fibre manufacturers and specialist contractors have produced guidelines. RILEM (the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures) published a design method for steel fibres combined with reinforcement in 2003('). This used the draft Eurocode 2, ENV 1992-1-V2)a, s a framework but modified it to reflect the behaviour of fibrereinforced concrete observed in beam tests. In the Netherlands, CUR (the Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes) is preparing recommendations for SFRC industrial floors on piles(3)t;h is guidance will be restricted to applications beneath which there will be neither occupancy nor crawl spaces. This restriction is presumably aimed at limiting the risk to life from a failure. It should be noted that in some cases failures of such floors could still lead to a risk to life due to collapse of supported structures or fittings. The choice of design method should take into account this risk.
This Technical Report summarises the wide range of current applications for SFRC, including ground-supported and pile-supported slabs, sprayed concrete, composite slabs on steel decking and precast units. The Report also considers practical aspects such as production and quality control. Where possible it presents a detailed review of the design methodologies currently in use, with the aim of promoting an understanding of the technical issues involved. Normally, it is not possible to give definitive design guidelines but the information provided will allow the designers to exercise judgement in this area of evolving technology.
In general, the concrete in these applications has a fibre content of around 40kg/m3. Elevated suspended slabs with dosage in the region of 100kg/m3 have been built but elements with such dosages are outside the scope of this Report, as are ultra-high performance concreted4) which are highly specialised materials that may have a dosage of 150kg/m3 or more.
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If you design or specify lighting in workspace layouts, then you'll need to know about changes to the standard for lighting indoor work places, which might affect your work.
The standard's aim is to encourage designers to plan and introduce appropriate lighting controls for regular lighting layouts in buildings. It will be especially useful when subdividing lighting for use only when a specific area is occupied.
What changes have been made to BS EN 12464-1?
Significant changes in this revised version aim to encourage you to consider all light sources, including natural light, not just electric lighting, as previously.
It recognises the importance of daylight for energy saving.
It includes the requirement for ceiling and wall illuminance to increase the brightness of a room.
Other changes include:
Importance of daylight is taken into account: Requirements for lighting are generally applicable independent if provided by artificial lighting, daylight or a combination of both
Specification of a minimum illuminance on walls and ceilings
Specification of cylindrical illuminance and detailed information on modelling
Uniformity of illuminance is assigned to tasks and activities
Definition of an illuminance grid is in accordance with EN 12464-2
New luminance limits are set for luminaires used with Display Screen equipment (DSE), the description of display screens is according ISO 9214-307.
Adequate and appropriate lighting enables people to perform visual tasks efficiently and accurately. The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of work places is governed by the type and duration of the activity.
BS EN 12464 is the standard that specifies lighting requirements for people in indoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance of people having normal ophthalmic (visual) capacity. All usual visual tasks are considered, including display screen equipment (DSE).
Part 1 of BS EN 12464 specifies the requirements for lighting solutions for most indoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice.
BS EN 12464-1 does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of people at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of the EC treaty, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this European Standard, usually fulfil safety needs.
Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work can be contained in Directives based on Article 153 of the EC treaty, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states.
BS EN 12464 neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques, nor restricts the use of innovative equipment. The illumination can be provided by daylight, artificial lighting or a combination of both.
BS EN 12464 does not apply to the lighting of outdoor work places and underground mining or emergency lighting. For outdoor work places, see BS EN 12464-2 and for emergency lighting, see BS EN 1838 and BS EN 13032-3 .
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Contents of BS EN 12464-1 include:
Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Lighting design criteria
Luminous environment
Luminance distribution
Reflectance of surfaces
Illuminance on surfaces
lluminance
Scale of illuminance
Illuminances on the task area
Illuminance on the immediate surrounding area
Illuminance on the background area
Illuminance uniformity
Illuminance grid
Glare
Discomfort glare
Shielding against glare
Veiling reflections and reflected glare
Lighting in the interior space
Mean cylindrical illuminance requirement in the activity space
Modelling
Directional lighting of visual tasks
Colour aspects
Colour appearance
Colour rendering
Flicker and stroboscopic effects
Lighting of work stations with Display Screen Equipment (DSE)
Luminaire luminance limits with downward flux
Maintenance factor
Energy efficiency requirements
Additional benefits of daylight
Variability of light
Schedule of lighting requirements
Composition of the tables
Schedule of interior areas, tasks and activities
Lighting requirements for interior areas, tasks and activities
Verification procedures
Illuminances
Unified Glare Rating
Colour rendering and colour appearance
Luminaire luminance
Maintenance schedule
Typical values of grid point spacing
A-deviation
Bibliography
Index of interior areas, tasks and activities
It is important that all clauses of BS EN 12464 are followed, although the specific requirements are tabulated in the schedule of lighting requirements.
BS EN 12464-1:2011 replaces BS EN 12464-1:2002 Light and lighting. Lighting of work places. Indoor work places, which has been withdrawn.
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BS EN 12464-2 is the standard that focuses on the recommendations for outdoor work places that are used at night. BS EN 12464-2 includes important recommendations on how obtrusive light can be limited, to keep our night sky free of light pollution.
Part 2 of BS EN 12464 provides the lighting design criteria for 15 installation task groups and 97 task activities. It also defines the maintenance, energy efficiency and system verification procedures. BS EN 12464 is essential reference for all lighting designers and users.
To enable people to perform outdoor visual tasks efficiently and accurately, especially during the night, adequate and appropriate lighting has to be provided.
The degree of visibility and comfort required in a wide range of outdoor work places is governed by the type and duration of activity.
BS EN 12464-2 is the standard that specifies the requirements for lighting of tasks in most outdoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination.
In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice. Lighting requirements for outdoor work places are specified to meet the needs for visual comfort and performance and all usual visual tasks are considered.
The BS EN 12464-2 standard provides guidance rather than specific solutions, and so the designer will have free choice to explore new techniques and use innovative equipment.
Contents of BS EN 12464-2 include:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Lighting design criteria
Luminous environment and distribution
Illuminance on the task area and surroundings
Illuminance grid
Uniformity and diversity
Glare rating
Veiling reflections and reflected glare
Obtrusive light
Directional lighting
Modelling
Directional lighting of visual tasks
Colour aspects, appearance and rendering
Flicker and stroboscopic effects
Maintenance factor (MF)
Energy considerations
Sustainability
Emergency lighting
Schedule of lighting requirements
The schedule of areas, tasks and activities
Lighting requirements for areas, tasks and activities
Verification procedures
Colour Rendering Index
Obtrusive light
Lighting requirements for safety and security
Bibliography
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