As a result of changes in the composition of the population, society changes continuously with respect to various factors including age-structure, family composition and the availability of energy. Changes lead to situations that are reflected in the commissioning of buildings, which is gradually shifted from new construction to the reuse and renovation of existing buildings. The adaptation of buildings often requires the modification of facades and the construction behind. The scope of this action within the COST Transport and Urban Development Domain is to improve techniques and methods for envelopes of buildings constructed during the last half of the 20th century in the COST countries. In other words it is directed on the building envelopes of the so-called non-traditional buildings. This publication is based on a support by COST, an intergovernmental European framework for international cooperation between nationally funded research activities. COST creates scientific networks and enables scientists to collaborate in a wide spectrum of activities in research and technology.
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Structural timber, Construction materials, Wood, Structures, Wood products, Fasteners, Formulae (mathematics), Mathematical calculations, Test specimens, Acceptance (approval), Mechanical behaviour of materials
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This book is FHWA's primary reference of recommended design and procurement procedures for shallow foundations. It presents state-of-the-practice guidance on the design of shallow foundation support of highway bridges. The information is intended to be practical in nature, and to especially encourage the cost-effective use of shallow foundations bearing on structural fills. To the greatest extent possible, the document coalesces the research, development and application of shallow foundation support for transportation structures over the last several decades. Detailed design examples are provided for shallow foundations in several bridge support applications according to both Service Load Design (Appendix B) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (Appendix C) methodologies. Guidance is also provided for shallow foundation applications for minor structures and buildings associated with transportation projects.
Paperback: 304 pages
Publisher: University Press of the Pacific (August 9, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1410225860
ISBN-13: 978-1410225863
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With the increasing number of underground work places, and several of these requiring access for persons and equipment, an opening of at least 1 metre, sometimes much larger is needed. With growing attention to safety at work (especially in the construction industry) it is important to have a rationalised approach to the design, testing and user safety of this type of product.
These items are large versions of ‘manhole covers’, which are lifted by machinery (which can be integral or brought to site and used to do the lifting). They provide access for equipment as well as personnel, and can be set into surfaces used by pedestrians and vehicles.
BS 9124 specifies requirements for access cover systems manufactured from steel or aluminium and with a clear opening greater than 1 m for installations within areas subject to pedestrian and/or slow moving vehicular traffic, for use as covers over chambers and ducts.
BS 9124 provide as basis for consistent quality, user safety, customer satisfaction and manufacturer discipline, in a highly fragmented market.
BS 9124 establishes definitions, materials, design, structural performance, technical documentation, installation and operating guidance notes, warning notes, testing requirements, verification and marking of such access cover systems.
Who should use BS 9124?
Manufacturers
Architects
Consulting engineers
Building consultants
Contractors
Clients
Water companies
Local authorities
Petroleum industry
Gas industry
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BS EN 1995-1-1:2004+Amendment 1:2008 Eurocode 5. Design of timber structures. General. Common rules and rules for buildings
BS EN 1995 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in timber (solid timber, sawn, planed or in pole form, glued laminated timber or wood-based structural products) or wood-based panels jointed together with adhesives or mechanical fasteners.
BS EN 1995 describes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability of timber structures. It is based on the limit state concept used in conjunction with a partial factor method.
BS EN 1995-1-1 gives general design rules for timber structures together with specific design rules for buildings.
The following subjects are covered in BS EN 1995-1-1:
Section 1: General
Section 2: Basis of design
Section 3: Material properties
Section 4: Durability
Section 5: Basis of structural analysis
Section 6: Ultimate limit states
Section 7: Serviceability limit states
Section 8: Connections with metal fasteners
Section 9: Components and assemblies
Section 10: Structural detailing and control.
This standard has been amended to include changes made by CEN.
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BS 8902:2009 Responsible sourcing sector certification schemes for construction products. Specification
As the importance of green procurement strategies in the building and construction sectors grows, government is requiring suppliers and contractors to improve their sustainability performance. Responsible sourcing schemes are a major part of this activity. Responsible sourcing is the management of sustainable development in the provision or procurement of a product.
BS 8902 provides a framework for the development of sector certification schemes for responsible sourcing of construction products. It gives requirements for the management, development, content and operation of sector certification schemes for responsible sourcing and supply of construction products. It does so in alignment with the guidance given in BS 8900:2006 Guidance for managing sustainable development .
The main differences from BS 8900 are that BS 8902 includes specific requirements for audit and review, which are not to be found in BS 8900. BS 8902 embraces the principles in BS 8900 but is specific to the supply of construction products within a responsible sourcing scheme. However, whereas BS 8900 has the broadest application to organizations (and individuals) and is independent of the nature of their activities, this standard focuses more specifically on bodies that certify construction products.
The relationship between BS 8902, any sector certification schemes developed in conformity with it and the organizations likely to be involved is included in the standard. Note that, although accreditation of certification schemes is desirable, accreditation is not and cannot be a requirement of this standard.
Who should use BS 8902?
Construction product producers
Government bodies
Certification bodies
Environmental consultants
Contractors
Developers.
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Proceeding from basic theory to design studies of concert and multiple purpose halls, the author introduces a remarkable seat selection system for the analysis of new and existing halls, and proposes a diagnostic system for testing the physical properties and calculating the psychological attributes at any seat after a hall is built. The book also presents a theory of subjective preferences, based on a model of the auditory cognitive system in the brain. Readers can thus follow the temporal and spatial values that may be associated with the left and right cerebral hemispheres in listening to music and speech, respectively, in a room. From the results of calculating subjective preference at each seat, for example, architects, musicians, and acoustical engineers concerned with the design and use of concert and multi-use halls may determine the best location to perform a certain type of music on the stage, as well as the best seats from which to listen.
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