This report contains information and recommendations concerning the selection and use of natural pozzolans generally conforming to the requirements of ASTM C618- 08. Topics covered include the effect of natural pozzolans on concrete properties, a discussion of quality control and quality assurance practices, and guidance regarding handling and use of natural pozzolans in specific applications.
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This guide summarizes current practices for obtaining cores and interpreting core compressive strength test results in light of past and current research findings. Many of these findings are based on older references as the research has reached a mature state. Parallel procedures are presented for cases where cores are obtained to assess whether concrete strength in a new structure complies with strength-based acceptance criteria, and to determine a value based on the actual in-place concrete strength equivalent to the specified compressive strength fc′. The latter can be directly substituted into conventional strength equations with customary strength reduction factors for strength evaluation of an existing structure. It is inappropriate to use procedures for determining the equivalent specified concrete strength to assess whether concrete strength in a new structure complies with strength-based acceptance criteria.
The order of contents parallels the logical sequence of activities in a typical core-test investigation. Chapter 3 describes how bleeding, consolidation, curing, and microcracking affect in-place concrete strength in structures so the investigator can account for this strength variation when planning the testing program. Chapter 4 identifies preferred sample locations and provides guidance on the number of specimens that should be obtained. Chapter 5 summarizes coring techniques that should result in undamaged, representative test specimens. Chapter 6 describes procedures for testing cores and detecting "outliers" by inspection of loadmachine displacement curves or using statistical tests from ASTM E178. Chapter 7 summarizes the subsequent analysis of strength test data including use of ASTM C42/42M precision statements that quantify expected variability of properly conducted tests for a sample of homogeneous material, research findings concerning accuracy of empirically derived core strength correction factors, and statistical analysis techniques that can determine if the data can be grouped into unique categories. Chapter 8 briefly elaborates on criteria presented in ACI 318 for using core test results to investigate low-strength cylinder test results in new construction.
Chapter 9 presents two methods for estimating the lower tenth-percentile value of in-place concrete strength using core test data to quantify in-place strength. This value is equivalent to the specified compressive strength fc′ and can be directly substituted into conventional strength equations with customary strength reduction factors for strength evaluation of an existing structure.
Example calculations are presented in an appendix for:
• Outlier identification in accordance with ASTM E178 criteria;
• Determining whether a difference in mean strengths of cores from beams and columns is statistically significant; and
• Computing the equivalent specified strength using the two approaches presented in Chapter 9.
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This guide provides an introduction to the evaluation of concrete strength test results. Procedures described are applicable to the compressive strength test results required by ACI 301, ACI 318, and similar specifications and codes. Statistical concepts described are applicable for the analysis of other common concrete test results, including flexural strength, slump, air content, density, modulus of elasticity, and other tests used for evaluating concrete and ingredient materials. This guide assumes that the concrete test results conform to a normal distribution.
Most construction projects in the United States and Canada require routine sampling of concrete and fabrication of standard molded cylinders. These cylinders are usually cast from a concrete sample taken from the discharge of a truck or a batch of concrete. They are molded and cured following the standard procedures of ASTM C31/C31M and tested as required by ASTM C39/C39M. If the concrete is so prepared, cured, and tested, the results are the compressive strength of the concrete cured under controlled conditions, not the in-place strength of the concrete within the structure. It is expected that, given the uniformity of the curing conditions, these cylinders would have essentially the same strength, thereby indicating concrete with consistent properties. It is these cylinders that are used for acceptance purposes.
Inevitably, strength test results vary. Variations in the measured strength of concrete originate from two sources:
• Batch-to-batch variations can result from changes to the ingredients or proportions of ingredients, water-cementitious material ratio (w/cm), mixing, transporting, placing, sampling of the batch, consolidating, and curing; and
• Within-batch variations, also called within-test variations, are primarily due to differences in sampling of the batch sample, specimen preparation, curing, and testing procedures.
There are differences in individual mixer batches between the front and rear of the mixer, as recognized by ASTM C94/C94M. For this reason, ACI Field Level I Technicians are trained to make composite samples from the central portions of loads.
Conclusions regarding concrete compressive strength can be derived from a series of tests. The characteristics of concrete strength can be accurately estimated when an adequate number of tests are conducted in accordance with standard practices and test methods.
Statistical procedures provide valuable tools when evaluating strength test results. Information derived from them is also valuable in refining design criteria and specifications. This guide discusses variations in concrete strength and presents statistical procedures useful for interpreting them with respect to specified testing and acceptance criteria.
For the statistical procedures described in this guide to be valid, data should be derived from samples obtained through a random sampling plan. Random sampling is when each volume of concrete has an equal chance of being selected. To ensure this condition, selection should be made by using an objective mechanism, such as a table of random numbers. When sample batches are selected on the basis of the sampler's judgment, biases are likely to be introduced that will invalidate the analysis. Natrella (1963), Box et al. (2005), and ASTM D3665 discuss the need for random sampling, and provide a useful short table of random numbers.
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The Proceedings of the 1st Conference on New Trends in Fluid and Solid Models" provide an overview of results and new models in fluid dynamics and, in general, in continuum mechanics. The contributions refer in particular to models in continuum mechanics, phase transitions, qualitative analysis for ODEs or PDEs models, Stability in fluids and solids, wave propagation, discontinuity and shock waves, and numerical simulations.
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Could you please provide me with the following paper? I really need it.
"Differential settlements in steel tanks"journal of Geotechnical Engineering,vol. 113,NO 9,pp 967-83 by Timothy B.D’orazio, A.M. ASCE and James M. Duncan, F. ASCE (1987)
This book examines and presents essential aspects of the behavior, analysis, design and detailing of reinforced concrete buildings subjected to strong seismic activity. Seismic design is an extremely complex problem that has seen spectacular development in the last decades. The present volume tries to show how the principles and methods of earthquake engineering can be applied to seismic analysis and design of reinforced concrete buildings.
The book starts with an up-to-date presentation of fundamental aspects of reinforced concrete behavior quantified through constitutive laws for monotonic and hysteretic loading. Basic concepts of post-elastic analysis like plastic hinge, plastic length, fiber models, and stable and unstable hysteretic behaviour are, accordingly, defined and commented upon. For a deeper understanding of seismic design philosophy and of static and dynamic post-elastic analysis, seismic behavior of different types of reinforced concrete structures (frames, walls) is examined in detail. Next, up-to-date methods for analysis and design are presented. The powerful concept of structural system is defined and systematically used to explain the response to seismic activity, as well as the procedures for analysis and detailing of common building structures. Several case studies are presented. The book is not code-oriented. The structural design codes are subject to constant reevaluation and updating. Rather than presenting code provisions, this book offers a coherent system of notions, concepts and methods, which facilitate understanding and application of any design code.
The content of this book is based mainly on the authors’ personal experience which is a combination of their teaching and research activity as well as their work in the private sector as structural designers. The work will serve to help students and researchers, as well as structural designers to better understand the fundamental aspects of behavior and analysis of reinforced concrete structures and accordingly to gain knowledge that will ensure a sound design of buildings.
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Automotive Accident Reconstruction: Practices and Principles introduces techniques for gathering information and interpreting evidence, and presents computer-based tools for analyzing crashes. This book provides theory, information and data sources, techniques of investigation, an interpretation of physical evidence, and practical tips for beginners. It also works as an ongoing reference for experienced reconstructionists. The book emphasizes three things: the theoretical foundation, the presentation of data sources, and the computer programs and spread sheets used to apply both theory and collected data in the reconstruction of actual crashes.
It discusses the specific requirements of reconstructing rollover crashes, offers background in structural mechanics, and describes how structural mechanics and impact mechanics are applied to automobiles that crash. The text explores the treatment of crush energy when vehicles collide with each other and with fixed objects. It delves into various classes of crashes, and simulation models. The framework of the book starts backward in time, beginning with the analysis of post-crash vehicle motions that occurred without driver control.
Applies time-reverse methods, in a detailed and rigorous way, to vehicle run-out trajectories, utilizing the available physical evidence
Walks the reader through a collection of digital crash test data from public sources, with detailed instructions on how to process and filter the information
Shows the reader how to build spread sheets detailing calculations involving crush energy and vehicle post-crash trajectory characteristics
Contains a comprehensive treatment of crush energy
This text can also serve as a resource for industry professionals, particularly with regard to the underlying physics.
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Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications contains 247 papers presented at 6th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils (UNSAT2014, Sydney, Australia, 2-4 July 2014). The two volumes provide an overview of recent experimental and theoretical advances in a wide variety of topics related to unsaturated soil mechanics:
- Unsaturated Soil Behavior
- Experimentation
- Modelling
- Case Histories
- Geotechnical Engineering Problems
- Multidisciplinary and New Areas
Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications presents a wealth of information, and is of interest to researchers and practising engineers in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
These proceedings are dedicated to Professor Geoffrey E. Blight (1934-2013), who passed in November 2013.
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Traditionally a building material of hot climate zones in Asia and Latin America, bamboo is increasingly discovered by architects of the Northern hemisphere as well. It is lightweight, highly elastic and ductile, and in addition offers qualities especially in demand in an era of limited resources, renewability and abundant availability. Architects and engineers have significantly widened the applications of bamboo in recent years and today even wide-span bridges can be built from it. Impressed with its technical and aesthetic possibilities, European, Japanese and North American architects have adopted bamboo for a variety of construction tasks, ranging from exclusive private residences to experimental pavilions, and from airy canopies to schools or museums. The book provides a detailed manual for bamboo constructions and presents a broad selection of built examples, among them the spectacular bamboo pavilions of the 2010 Shanghai World Exposition, a parking garage in Leipzig, Germany, the Nomadic Museum in Mexico City and Richard Rogers’ Terminal 4 at Madrid Airport.
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Posted by: Kurucz - 07-28-2014, 07:44 AM - Forum: Archive
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Dear All,
I need this book:
Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes
Author: Ioannis Vayas; Aristidis Iliopoulos.
Publisher: CRC Press.
Year: 2013.
Pages: 584.
ISBN: 9781466557451
It can be found here;
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