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Structural design details of the Petronas twin towers
Author(s): CHARLES H. THORNTON, UDOM HUNGSPRUKE and LEONARD M. JOSEPH.
Published By:THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS, Vol. 6, 245-262
Published Year:1997
Size: 0,7 MB
Quality:Original preprint
Abstract: Twin 451.9m (1482 ft) tall towers just completed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, presented a variety of design challenges related to tall buildings and slender members under wind load, and to construction methods in the Far East. Cast in place high strength concrete for the core, perimeter columns and ring beams provides economical vertical load carrying ability, stiff lateral load resistance and inherent damping for occupant comfort. Steel beams on metal deck slabs provide effcient, economical and quickly erected long span floors which are easily adaptable to future changes in openings and loadings. The unusual tower plan has alternating cantilevered points and arcs, only 16 main tower columns, haunched wind frame ring beams 8.2 to 9.8m (27 to 32 ft) long.
Vierendeel outriggers at mid-height and sloped columns at setbacks. A unique arch supported skybridge spans 58.4 (190 ft) between towers at levels 41 and 42, where the towers move more than 300mm (1 ft) in any direction. A stainless steel pinnacle tops each tower. Extensive analytical, force balance and aeroelastic wind studies addressed individual tower behavior, influences between towers, pinnacle behavior, skybridge overall behavior and arch leg behavior. No supplementary damping was needed for the towers. Pinnacles have simple chain impact dampers. Each of the four arch legs has three tuned mass dampers for the three main modes of vortex excitation.
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This document contains basic information pertinent to the welded strengthening and repair of existing steel structures. The information contained in this guide is intended for both Engineers and Contractors with the purpose of providing direction and guidance to perform weld repairs, weld strengthening, and other weld procedures to correct problematic issues with existing structures. This guide contains background information that will be useful to the Engineer who is obligated under AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2008 Clause 8 to provide a comprehensive plan to address projects that involve strengthening and repairing of steel structures. The approach to the strengthening and repairing of these materials is to be developed using the information provided herein.
This guide is intended to apply to the strengthening and repair of existing structures made of the following materials:
(1) Steel with a minimum specified yield strength of 100 ksi [690 MPa] or less
(2) Cast iron
(3) Wrought iron
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Chinese Contemporary Architecture presents a selection of the top sixteen Chinese contemporary architects and architectural firms originating from the state-owned, large-scale design firms, private-owned design firms and individual studios.
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This book not only presents awarded green architecture, but also tells architects how to combine new concepts with materials, and how to deal with the problems they often confront with in the process of conception and construction.
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Author(s)/Editor(s): EE&K a Perkins Eastman Company | Size: 4,73 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint |
Publisher: EE&K a Perkins Eastman Company | Year: 2013 | pages: 45
Qingdao Harborfront, occupying 26 hectares of former maritime/industrial uses in the downtown and fronting on Jiaozhou Bay, is the anchor redevelopment for the city’s waterfront revitalization initiative.
With growing prosperity and the relocation of commercial port activities to new facilities across Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao can now re-imagine its old docklands and shipyards to become new, residentially and commercially-led, mixed-use communities that reunite the downtown and its citizens with the waterfront.
Qingdao Harborfront will feature state-of-theart infrastructure to sustainably support private development and augment real estate value. Additionally, the project will include a multi-modal transit hub -a significant contribution to the citywide transportation network. This facility will be surmounted by a new public park overlooking the water.
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Wood is the most significant building material we use today that is grown by the sun. When harvested responsibly, wood is arguably one of the best tools architects and engineers have for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and storing carbon in our buildings. The Case for Tall Wood Buildings expands the discussion of where we will see wood and specifically Mass Timber in the future of the world’s skylines. As we pursue the solar and green energy solutions that Thomas Edison spoke of over 80 years ago, we must consider that we are surrounded by a building material that is manufactured by nature, a material that is renewable, durable and strong.
This report introduces a major opportunity for systemic change in the building industry. For the last century there has been no reason to challenge steel and concrete as the essential structural materials of large buildings. Climate change now demands that we do. The work of thousands of scientists with the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has defined one of the most significant challenges of our time. How we address climate change in buildings is a cornerstone in how the world will tackle the need to reduce emissions of green house gases and indeed find ways to store those same gases that are significantly impacting the health of our planet. Just as the automobile industry, energy sector and most other industries will see innovations that challenge the conventions of the way we will live in this century, the building industry must seek innovation in the fundamental materials that we choose to build with. In a rapidly urbanizing world with an enormous demand to house and shelter billions of people in the upcoming decades we must find solutions for our urban environments that have a lighter climate impact than today’s incumbent major structural materials. This report is a major step in that direction. Indeed it introduces the first significant challenge to steel and concrete in tall buildings since their adoption more than a century ago.
This report introduces a new way of constructing tall buildings. The Mass Timber panel approach we have developed is called FFTT. FFTT stands for Finding the Forest Through the Trees; a non technical acronym with an important story. The acronym speaks to the idea that much of the sustainable building conversation is focusing on minutia. While even the minutia contributes and is important, the big systemic change ideas are what we believe will be necessary for the built environment to tackle the scale of the climate change and housing demand challenges facing the world. FFTT is a contribution to hopefully many significant shifts in the way we approach buildings in the next decades. The goal is simply to focus on the forest but never forget the trees.
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Highlights the Progression of Meshing Technologies and Their Applications
Finite Element Mesh Generation provides a concise and comprehensive guide to the application of finite element mesh generation over 2D domains, curved surfaces, and 3D space. Organised according to the geometry and dimension of the problem domains, it develops from the basic meshing algorithms to the most advanced schemes to deal with problems with specific requirements such as boundary conformity, adaptive and anisotropic elements, shape qualities, and mesh optimization.
It sets out the fundamentals of popular techniques, including:
Delaunay triangulation
Advancing-front (ADF) approach
Quadtree/Octree techniques
Refinement and optimization-based strategies
From the geometrical and the topological aspects and their associated operations and inter-relationships, each approach is vividly described and illustrated with examples. Beyond the algorithms, the book also explores the practice of using metric tensor and surface curvatures for generating anisotropic meshes on parametric space. It presents results from research including 3D anisotropic meshing, mesh generation over unbounded domains, meshing by means of intersection, re-meshing by Delaunay-ADF approach, mesh refinement and optimization, generation of hexahedral meshes, and large scale and parallel meshing, along with innovative unpublished meshing methods. The author provides illustrations of major meshing algorithms, pseudo codes, and programming codes in C++ or FORTRAN.
Geared toward research centers, universities, and engineering companies, Finite Element Mesh Generation describes mesh generation methods and fundamental techniques, and also serves as a valuable reference for laymen and experts alike.
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Connections Between Steel Frames and Concrete Walls
Author(s):
Author: Roeder, Charles W.; Hawkins, Neil M.
Published By:
AISC
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