The Mechanics of Solids and Structures - Hierarchical Modeling and the Finite Element Solution

This book presents in one treatise – both – the basic mathematical models of solid / structural mechanics and effective finite element procedures for the solution of these models. The book can be used for teaching, in a modern way, solid and structural mechanics, finite element methods, and for self-study – from elementary to quite advanced material.
In synthesizing classical mechanics with modern finite element analysis, emphasis is given to the hierarchical nature of the mathematical models of mechanics, from simple to complex, and on choosing the simplest reliable and effective model for analysis. The process of hierarchical modeling and finite element solution is illustrated in examples that show the benefits reached when good hierarchical modeling is performed.
To pursue an effective analysis is an art – the objective is to predict the future. Performing in the art of analysis is very stimulating and requires constant learning. This book has been written to provide a fundamental basis for that learning process.

Best Practice for the Specification and Installation of Metal Cladding and Secondary Steelwork

This publication presents guidance to designers and contractors on the specification and installation of profiled metal cladding systems and the supporting purlins and side rails. Built-up cladding systems and insulated panels are both considered, but single-ply membranes supported by structural decks are outside the scope of the publication. The guidance covers many aspects of cladding specification, including a brief description of the available systems and their components and an overview of the various performance criteria that should be considered by the specifier. These include weathertightness, appearance, thermal performance, acoustics, durability and structural capacity. Particular attention is paid to the structural performance of the cladding, since inadequate strength and stiffness not only undermine the safety of the building, but also impact on several of the other performance criteria such as airtightness and durability. The specification of the purlins and side rails is usually achieved by reference to manufacturer’s safe load tables and supporting technical information. However, there are several important issues that need to be brought to the attention of the secondary steelwork designer in order to ensure a safe and efficient structure. In particular, there is a need for good interaction between the building elements, especially in relation to the provision of lateral and torsional restraint. The sections on cladding and purlin installation provide an overview of the issues that need to be addressed in order to meet the performance criteria identified by the building designer. Many of the issues covered in this publication have been brought to the attention of the SCI by industry representatives, whose advice and knowledge is the foundation for the guidance presented herein. The aim of the guidance is to promote good practice across the industry, leading to improvements in Health and Safety, efficiency and building envelope performance. Although written with site practitioners in mind, much of the guidance should also be useful to architects and structural engineers involved in the specification of the building envelope and supporting structure

Steel Bridge Fabrication Technologies in Europe and Japan

The objective of this scanning tour was to conduct a broad overview of newly developed manufacturing techniques that are in use abroad for steel bridge fabrication and erection. The trip focused on the role of steel production, design, innovation, and fabrication in modern steel fabrication facilities in Japan, Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The team also shared information on U.S. practice, initiatives, and research activities in these areas. As a result of the review, the team identified six high-priority areas on which the U.S. industry should focus: computer aided drawing and computer aided manufacturing; automated recording of inspection, welding variables, and geometric measurements for quality control and virtual assembly; high-performance steels and coatings; cutting and joining steel components, members, and structures; certification and contracting of steel fabrication and erection; and design innovation. Within each of these areas, the team made recommendations for further research, pilot studies, and modifications to existing procedures that will further modernize structural steel fabrication facilities in the United States.

Hydrology and Water Resources in Tropical Regions (Developments in Water Science)

EN 13108 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications

Contents of the package:
1. EN 13108-1:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 1: Asphalt Concrete
2. EN 13108-2:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 2: Asphalt Concrete for very thin layers
This European Standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Asphalt Concrete for very thin layers for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. This European Standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21. Asphalt Concrete very thin layer mixtures with chemical modified binders not covered by EN 13924 are not covered by this European Standard.
3. EN 13108-3:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 3: Soft Asphalt This European Standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Soft Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. This European Standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21. Soft Asphalt mixtures with chemical modified binders not covered by EN 13924 are not covered by this European Standard.
4. EN 13108-4:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 4: Hot Rolled Asphalt
This European Standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Hot Rolled Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. This European Standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21. Hot Rolled Asphalt mixtures with chemical modified binders not covered by EN 13924 are not covered by this European Standard.
5. EN 13108-5:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 5: Stone Mastic Asphalt
This European Standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Stone Mastic Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. This European Standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21. Stone Mastic Asphalt mixes with chemical modified binders not covered by EN 13924 are not covered by this European Standard.
6. EN 13108-6:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 6: Mastic Asphalt
This European Standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Mastic Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. This European Standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21. Mastic Asphalt mixes with chemical modified binders not covered by EN 13924 are not covered by this European Standard.
7. EN 13108-7:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 7: Porous Asphalt
This European Standard specifies requirements for mixtures of the mix group Mastic Asphalt for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. This European Standard includes requirements for the selection of the constituent materials. It is designed to be read in conjunction with EN 13108-20 and EN 13108-21. Porous Asphalt mixtures with chemical modified binders not covered by EN 13924 are not covered by this European Standard.
8. EN 13108-8:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 8: Reclaimed asphalt
This European Standard specifies requirements for the classification and description of reclaimed asphalt as a constituent material for asphalt mixtures. This European Standard only specifies reclaimed asphalt with bituminous binders: paving grade bitumen, modified bitumen or hard grade bitumen.
9. EN 13108-20:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 20: Type Testing
This European Standard specifies Type Testing procedures for use for the validation of bituminous mixtures for use in roads, airfields and other trafficked areas.
10. EN 13108-21:2006 Bituminous mixtures - Material specifications - Part 21: Factory Production Control This European Standard specifies both quality and Factory Production Control requirements for use during the manufacture of bituminous mixtures intended for use on roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. Additional testing carried out within contracts is beyond the scope of this European Standard. The Factory Production Control is to be applied to European Standards for bituminous mixtures if regulatory marking of conformity is to be applied. It is also a necessary part of evaluation of conformity in situations where regulatory marking does not apply. This European Standard is applicable to the control of bituminous mixtures where the constituents and target composition are known, and have been shown by means of Type Testing to comply with all appropriate specified compositional, performance related or performance based requirements in EN 13108-1 to -7.