This PhD dissertation contains a parametric analysis of typical base isolated bridges. The bridges were located in different soil types and were subjected to three different earthquakes (recorded on soft and medium soils). The work had two main objectives: to asses the effects of the nonlinear behavior of the isolation pads of the bridges on the seismic responses (accelerations, displacements, and pier seismic forces), and to study combined effects of base isolation and inertial interaction due to the presence of flexible foundations.
The analytical models used for the study were selected on the basis of initial evaluation of different models proposed in the literature to represent a bridge structure and to evaluate the isolation padsβ nonlinear behavior. The bridges studied were developed with a three-dimensional model. After completing the studies, 2 degree of freedom models were used to investigate more general trends of the inertial SSI effects for the base isolated bridges.
The results of the work show the efficiency of base isolation pads in improving the seismic performance of bridges in most cases. They suggest that the inertial SSI effects will not be generally important for bridge foundations designed with a factor of safety of 3, with more than one line of piles in either direction since they will be very stiff foundations. But they also showed that for slender piers it is important to carefully evaluate the translations on top of the piers due to the rocking effects of the foundation.
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PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR THE NEAR-FAULT ZONE
Author: Reza Sehhati | Size: 4.1 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: Washington State University | Year: 2008 | pages: 187
Ground motions close to a fault can be significantly influenced by rupture directivity effects. In particular, the effects of forward-directivity may cause severe damage to buildings. These effects have not been clearly addressed in current building codes and engineers still lack specific guidelines as to how to account for forward-directivity effects when determining the seismic hazard for structures. A methodology for probabilistic seismic demand analysis that includes the effects of forward directivity through time domain analysis is proposed in this work. First, the characteristics of forward-directivity ground motions and the structural response to these motions are studied and simplified mathematical representations for pulse-type forward-directivity ground motions are proposed. Intensity Measures for forward directivity ground motions are then proposed based on the simplified pulses. For this purpose, the non-linear dynamic response of three generic multi-story shear buildings to near-fault and ordinary ground motion ensembles was studied using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. Results show that whenever the pulse period of forward-directivity ground motions is close to the first-mode structural period, structural response is controlled by forward-directivity pulses. For these cases, structural response can be predicted using pulse-period and pulse-amplitude as intensity measures.
The principles of Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis are then extended to consider the effect of forward-directivity within a probabilistic framework. Structural response to pulse-type forward-directivity ground motions is quantified by means of time-domain analysis of simplified pulses that comprehensively represent all possible pulse-type ground motion scenarios. The hazard due to pulse-type motions is then coupled with conventional spectral domain seismic demand analyses for non-pulse-type ground motions. Results show that the proposed methodology captures more accurately the structural response to pulse-type ground motions than with current methods leading to the prediction of greater hazard for near-fault scenarios. In addition, the proposed method provides a clear guide for the selection of time histories for the design of near-fault structures.
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We released new template (V3.1) for you in the 3rd Anniversary of CivilEA.com.
I want to know which template is your favorite?
- Template V2 (The old one template that use as main template for two years).
- Template V3 (The existing template that use as main template now).
- None, Light template is better. (You do not like dark template and you prefer light template with light background).
This European Standard specifies the requirements for factory made cellular glass products, with or without facings, which are used for the thermal insulation of buildings. The products are manufactured in the form of boards or slabs.
This European Standard specifies product characteristics and includes procedures for testing, evaluation of conformity, marking and labelling.
Products covered by this standard are also used in prefabricated thermal insulation systems and composite panels; the performance of systems incorporating these products is not covered.
This European Standard does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application are to be found in regulations or non-conflicting standards.
Products with a declared thermal resistance lower than 0,50 m2β K/W or a declared thermal conductivity greater than 0,065 W/(mβ K) at 10 Β°C are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard does not cover products intended to be used for the insulation of building equipment and industrial installations.
This European Standard does not cover the following acoustical aspects: direct airborne sound insulation and impact noise transmission.
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Case Studies of the Seismic Performance of Tall Buildings Designed by Alternative Means
Author: Prof. Jack Moehle et al. | Size: 40 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: PEER | Year: 2011 | pages: 888
As part of the program development, the Tall Buildings Initiative Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings, this report focuses on the tall buildings case studies, i.e., those tasks supported through funding by the California Seismic Safety Commission and California Emergency Management Agency. The work involved probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and development of response spectra and scaled ground motions for design and analysis; design of three tall buildings and their structural systems, each according to three different criteria; analysis of the building designs using consistent modeling and analysis procedures; construction cost analysis; development of repair costs associated with damage for projected earthquakes; and iterations to improve the Tall Buildings Initiative Design Guidelines.
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This book is a successor to the author's highly successful 'Workability of Concrete' published in 1976 and, again, is written specifically for practising engineers and concrete technologists. It incorporates the results of a further 15 years research and develops the treatment of workability as a property to be measured in terms of two constants, which was introduced in the earlier book. The scientific basis is simply explained and used for the description of very practical methods and apparatus. This leads to elucidation of problems surrounding the topic of workability and to an account of the potential for quality control. The validity and limitations of standard methods of workability assessment are fully considered and there are several chapters on the effects on workability of the properties and proportions of mix constituents.
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Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran-Turkey Seismic Workshop
December 14-16, 2010, Istanbul, Turkey
SESSION 1: SEISMIC HAZARD
Experiments for Modeling the Unknown Aspects of Ground Motion for Istanbul City
-- M. Aktar
ETA-based Strong Ground Motion Selection for Reliable Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Structures
--M. Ghafory-Ashtiany, M. Mousavi, and A. Azarbakht
A RevΔ±ew of Ground-MotΔ±on PredΔ±ctΔ±on EquatΔ±ons Δ±n Europe and SurroundΔ±ng RegΔ±ons
--S. Akkar
Stochastic Simulation of Earthquake Ground Motion Components for Performance-Based Structural Analysis
--S. Rezaeian and A. Der Kiureghian
Multi-disciplinary Earthquake Researches following 17 August 1999 Δ°zmit
Earthquake
--S. Inan, S. Ergintav, and O. Tan
SESSION 2: SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF TALL BUILDINGS
Tall Buildings Initiative: A Comprehensive Research on Seismic Analysis and Design of New Tall Buildings
--Y. Bozorgnia J. P. Moehle, and R. O. Hamburger
Draft Seismic Design Code for Tall Buildings in Istanbul Metropolitan Area
--N. Aydinoglu
The Effects of Architectural Regulations on the Seismic Behavior of High-Rise Buildings in Tehran Tall Buildings
--Hamzeh Shakib, M. Pirizadeh, A. Emadi, and
S. Shakib
SESSION 3: EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION (I)
Assessment of Earthquake Risk in Istanbul
--M B. Demircioglu, K. Sesetyan,
and M. Erdik
Mitigation of Earthquake Risk in Istanbul
--M. Erdik
Seismic Issues from a Large Cityβs Perspective
--I. Kashefi
Implementation of Sustainable Plan for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Iran:
Recommendations on Damage Prevention, Risk Reduction, Emergency Response, and the Role of UN-HABITAT
--M. E. Akdogan
SESSION 4: EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT & EDUCATION (II)
Seismic Microzonation Case Studies
--A Ansal, G. TΓΆnΓΌk, and A. Kurtulus
Challenges to Public Seismic Education
--W. Anderson
Prioritization of Seismic Risk in Urban Building Stocks
-- H. Sucuoglu and A. Yakut
EMME, the Earthquake Model of the Middle East Region: Hazard, Risk Assessemnt, Economics and Mitigation
--K. Sesetyan, C. Tuzun, D. Giardini, and M. Erdik
SESSION 5: SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF LIFELINES
Recent Advances in Seismic Risk Analysis of Highway Systems
--S. Werner
Vulnerability and Retrofitting of Buried Pipelines and Networks during Earthquakes with Emphasizing in Urban Areas
--F. Jafarzadeh and H. Jahromi
SESSION 6: GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
Numerical Modeling of the Liquefaction-induced Settlements of Buildings in Urban Areas
--A. Pak, H. Shahir, and Omid Ghassemi Fare
Graphical User Interfaces for Soil-Structure Interaction and Performance-based Earthquake Engineering
--A. Elgamal, J. Lu, and K. R. Mackie
Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential and Pore Pressure Generation of Silty Sand using Hollow Torsional Test Results
--H. Sharafi and M. H. Baziar
SESSION 7: SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (I)
Seismic Isolation for Housing, Schools, and Hospitals in Urban Environment
--J. M. Kelly and D. Konstantinidis
Dynamic Response of Base Isolated Structures Equipped Carrying Cylindrical Liquid Tanks via Fluid/Structure Interaction
--N. K. A. Attari and F. R. Rofooei
Improved Integration Methods for Accurate Identification of Dynamic Properties of Structural Components Using Seismic Hybrid Simulation
--M. Ahmadizadeh and G. Mosqueda
SESSION 8: SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (II)
Recent Advances in Seismic Assessment of Structures by Endurance Time Method
--H. E. Estekanchi, A. Vafai, V. Valamanesh, A. Mirzaee, A. Nozari and
A. Bazmuneh.
Performance Assessment of Irregular Buildings using an Adaptive Pushover Method
--R A. OyguΓ§ and H. BoduroΔlu
Probabilistic Approach on Seismic Design Parameters of RC Frames
I am a 39 year old structural engineer working in East Africa (Kenya).
being a former British colony, we still use BS standards :grin:as the local standards with minor alterations.
I will soon post a typical structural calculation: for a power house i was involved in design and supervision.
Code provisions are intended to provide a minimum level of safety for engineered buildings. The code prescriptive provisions are intended to provide safe design criteria for all types of buildings, ranging from small one and two story dwellings to the tallest structures. As a result of this broad intended applicability, the provisions contain many requirements that are not specifically applicable to tall buildings and which may result in designs that are less than optimal, both from a cost and safety perspective. Advances in performance based design methodologies and maturity of capacity design principles now permit a more direct, nonprescriptive, and rational approach to analysis and design of tall buildings. This document relies on these advances to provide a rational approach to seismic design of reliable and effective tall building structures. This Document addresses only non-prescriptive seismic design of tall buildings.
This document is not intended to cover essential facilities.
This provisions of this document are justified based on Section 104.11 of 2006 edition of International Building Code (2006 IBC) and Section 108.7 of 2007 California Building Code. These code provisions permit application of alternative lateral-force procedures using rational analysis based on well-established but complex principles of mechanics in lieu of prescriptive code provisions. All codes have traditionally permitted the use of alternative analysis and design methods which can be justified based on well-established principles of mechanics and/or supported by convincing laboratory test results. For example, Section 12.6 of ASCE 7-05 which is adopted by reference in 2007 CBC states:
"The structural analysis required by Chapter 12 shall consist of one of the types permitted in Table 12.6.1, based on the structure's seismic design category, structural system, dynamic properties, and regularity, or with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction, an alternative generally accepted procedure is permitted to be used. ..."
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