Galvanizing is an established means of protecting steel reinforcement and other embedded components against corrosion in concrete. This book presented critical assessment of the characteristics and use of galvanized steel in concrete. Apart from a number of small surveys and reviews interspersed through the technical literature over the last few years, the most comprehensive single document covering this topic was Galvanized Reinforcement for Concrete - II, published by the International Lead Zinc Research Organization in 1981. A thorough updating of this reference source was long overdue and the publication of this book is intended to bridge that gap. This reference provides a detailed resource covering all aspects of this important material. Both servicability and durability aspects are well covered, with all the information needed maximise the life of buildings constructed from it.
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Fatigue is a major issue affecting safety and quality of service in the railway industry. This book reviews key aspects of this important subject. It begins by providing an overview of the subject, discussing fatigue at the wheel-rail interface and in other aspects of infrastructure. It then considers fatigue in railway and tramway track, looking at causes of potential failure in such areas as rails and fixings as well as sleepers. It also reviews failure points in structures such as embankments and cuttings. The book then analyzes fatigue in railway bridges, looking in particular at masonry arch bridges as well as metal and concrete bridges. Two final chapters review safety and reliability issues affecting escalators and lifts.
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ASTM C94/C94M-11b Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
Size: 327 KB | Format:PDF | pages: 12
This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in freshly mixed and unhardened state as hereinafter specified. Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchase. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser's specification shall govern. In the absence of designated applicable materials specifications, materials specifications specified shall be used for cementitious materials, hydraulic cement, supplementary cementitious materials, cementitious concrete mixtures, aggregates, air-entraining admixtures, and chemical admixtures. Except as otherwise specifically permitted, cement, aggregate, and admixtures shall be measured by mass. Mixers will be stationary mixers or truck mixers. Agitators will be truck mixers or truck agitators. Test methods for compression, air content, slump, temperature shall be performed. For s strength test, at least two standard test specimens shall be made.
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ASTM C494/C494M-11 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
Size: 221 KB | Format:PDF | pages: 10
This specification covers the materials and the test methods for use in chemical admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures in the field. The seven types of admixtures are indicated as follows: Type A—water reducing; Type B—retarding; Type C—accelerating; Type D—water reducing and retarding; Type E—water reducing and accelerating; Type F—water reducing, high range; and Type G—water reducing, high range, and retarding. The materials used in the concrete mixtures shall include Type I or Type II cement, pozzolan, fine and coarse aggregates, and air-entraining admixture. Samples of freshly mixed concrete from at least three separate batches for each condition of concrete shall be tested in accordance with the slump, air content, time of setting, and water content tests. Physical properties retesting shall consist of uniformity and equivalence tests using infrared analysis which is intended to compare qualitatively the composition of different samples, residue by oven drying which shall be either a forced circulation type or one with provision for free access of air, and specific gravity determination using hydrometers. Test specimens of the hardened concrete shall be prepared in accordance to compressive strength, flexural strength, resistance to freezing and thawing, and length change.
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This comprehensive two-volume textbook covers the whole area of Partial Differential Equations - of the elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic type - in two and several variables. Special emphasis is placed on the connection of PDEs and complex variable methods. In this first volume the following topics are treated: Integration and differentiation on manifolds, Functional analytic foundations, Brouwer's degree of mapping, Generalized analytic functions, Potential theory and spherical harmonics, Linear partial differential equations. We solve partial differential equations via integral representations in this volume, reserving functional analytic solution methods for Volume Two.
This encyclopedic work covers the whole area of Partial Differential Equations - of the elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic type - in two and several variables. Emphasis is placed on the connection of PDEs and complex variable methods. This second volume addresses Solvability of operator equations in Banach spaces; Linear operators in Hilbert spaces and spectral theory; Schauder's theory of linear elliptic differential equations; Weak solutions of differential equations; Nonlinear partial differential equations and characteristics; Nonlinear elliptic systems with differential-geometric applications. While partial differential equations are solved via integral representations in the preceding volume, this volume uses functional analytic solution methods.
6MB rar file contains both volumes / no pass
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ASTM C150/C150M-11 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
Size: 200 KB | Format:PDF | pages: 9
This specification covers ten types of portland cement: Type I, Type IA, Type II, Type II(MH), Type II(MH)A, Type IIA, Type III, Type IIIA, Type IV, and Type V. The cement covered by this specification shall only contain the following ingredients: portland cement clinker; water or calcium sulfate, or both; limestone; processing additions; and air-entraining addition for air-entraining portland cement. Portland cements must meet various physical and chemical requirements which are detailed in this specification. Examples include limits on aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. Applicable properties enumerated in this specification will be determined by the following test methods: air content of mortar, chemical analysis, compressive strength, false set, fineness by air permeability, fineness by turbidimeter, heat of hydration, autoclave expansion, time of setting by Gillmore needles, time of setting by Vicat needles, sulfate resistance, calcium sulfate, and compressive strength. The cement shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection and identification of each shipment, and in a suitable weather-tight building that will protect the cement from dampness and minimize warehouse set.
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PAS 24:2007+A2:2011 Enhanced security performance requirements for door assemblies. Single and double leaf, hinged external door assemblies to dwellings
he concept of “enhanced security” in this Product Assessment Specification (PAS) is based upon a relationship between resistance to forced entry by human intervention techniques and resistance to entry under multi-directional loading and hard and soft body impacts.
The PAS specifies test methods and acceptance criteria relevant to the enhanced security performance of single and double leaf, single swing, hinged, external door assemblies to dwellings, inward and outward opening, with or without integral or coupled side panels and fanlights. It includes double leaf door assemblies where the size, construction or configuration of the active and inactive leaves are identical or differ. The enhanced security performance requirements in this specification are not material-specific.
This PAS is applicable to new door assemblies as manufactured and prior to installation. It is only applicable to complete door assemblies or a range of door assemblies.
The ability to gain entry by manipulation of a cylinder is address in this PAS. However, entry by picking, by deliberate breaking of glass or by attach on the frame fixing methods is not.
This PAS is not a test of components performance or installation requirements.
This PAS excludes double swing doors, sliding doors, sliding folding doors, pivoted doors and doors with two halves (stable door). It does not cover door assemblies where any frame member is longer than 3 m.
Contents for PAS 24:2007+A2:2011 includes:
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Sample selection
Testing
Requirements for testing apparatus
Enhanced security performance requirements
Design and general performance requirements
Installation instructions
Marking
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This book contains some of the papers presented at the International Conference on Underground Spaces–Design, Engineering and Environmental Aspects, held on the Campus of the Wessex Institute of Technology in the New Forest. The Conference was launched to discuss not only the structural and environment material characterization aspects but also the trends regarding the development underground spaces.
Contents:
Underground space development: setting modern strategies
D. Kaliampakos & A. Benardos
Blast impact on structures of underground parking
P. P. Procházka, A. N. Kravtsov & S. Peskova
Artificial intelligence in underground development: a study of TBM performance
A. Benardos
Reinforcement fibers in concrete envelopes of underground nuclear power stations
V. Doležel & P. Procházka
The hydrogeological problems of disused mines in Olgiate Molgora (LC)
L. Longoni & M. Papini
Management of complex underground construction projects
M. Leijten
Underground nuclear parks: new approach for the deployment of nuclear energy systems
C. W. Myers, J. M. Mahar, J. F. Kunze & N. Z. Elkins
Use of a numerical model for underground stability evaluation
L. Longoni & M. Papini
Tunnel face stability as a function of the purchase length
J. Trckova, P. P. Procházka & S. Peskova
3-dimensional mesh generation using the Delaunay method
R. Hoshiko & M. Kawahara
Emergency guidelines for two abandoned mines in Piani dei Resinelli area (Lecco)
M. Papini, L. Longoni & K. Dell’Orto
Damage zones near excavations: plastic solution by means of stress trajectories
P. Haderka & A. N. Galybin
CFD simulation of aerodynamic resistance in underground spaces ventilation
I. Diego, S. Torno & J. Toraño
Fragments of a buried urban past revealed through multi-layered voids hidden below the mosque of St. Daniel: the case of the underground museum in Tarsus
M. Cetin & S. Doyduk
Increase of stability of underground works
K. Weiglová & P. Procházka
Underground spaces and indoor comfort: the case of “Sassi di Matera”
A. Guida, A. Pagliuca & G. Rospi
Rock burst mechanics as a time dependent event
J. Vacek & S. Hrachová-Sedláčková
Spatial organization and economic analysis in sustainable transit oriented development
N. Mohajeri
The effect of a baffle on the heat transfer in underground auxiliary ventilation systems
S. M. Aminossadati & B. Ghasemi
Parameter identification of the elastic modulus of ground rock based on blasting using the first order adjoint method
T. Ishimoto & M. Kawahara
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This book provides the most recent information about concrete’s history in the green building movement, state-of-the-art methodologies, and best practices. The history of cement manufacturing and the use of concrete are discussed to provide a context for today’s current practices. Continuing pressures on the construction industry to reduce waste have resulted in an increase in the amount of concrete that is recycled or reused Refurbishing or reusing structures is the least waste option This book outlines the variety of ways that concrete is easily and affordably reused. Work is under way within the precast industry with the aim of making it possible to lease concrete products so that they can be returned and/or reused.
Contents:
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Sustainability in the Cement Industries and Chemical
Chapter 3 The Principles of Sustainable Building Design
Chapter 4 Sustainability through Thermal Mass of Concrete
Chapter 5 Concrete Pavements and Sustainability
Chapter 6 Roller Compacted Concrete Pavements: A Sustainable Alternative
Chapter 7 Pervious Concrete for Sustainable Development
Chapter 8 Heat Island Effects
Chapter 9 Future Sustainable City: The Case of Masdar City
Chapter 10 Sustainability and Rehabilitation of Concrete Structures
Chapter 11 Global Sustainability and Concrete
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