In general practice, for the crack control of reinforced concrete (RC) members, reinforcement corresponding to the internal forces that lead to single cracks must be provided. This approach is extended to the cases of restrained thermal loading and concrete shrinkage, which can be considered as peculiarities of imposed loading. Therefore, an analytical model for the case of direct tension is derived as an extension of the CEB-FIP Model Code 90 and Eurocode 2 approach, which distinguishes between crack development caused by thermal loading and shrinkage and the state of crack development with single cracks and the state of stabilized cracking. Basic examples are examined to illustrate the respective characteristic properties and mutual influence of imposed deformations, crack development, and stiffness. The model is validated based on a comparison with the experimental results.
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Evaluation of Plastic Rotation Demands for Earthquake Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Author: Tae-Sung Eom, Hong-Gun Park, and Sung-Gul Hong | Size: 2 MB | Format:PDF
To ensure the safety of reinforced concrete structures against
earthquakes, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of each member
against the plastic rotation demand. In this study, a simplified
method was developed to estimate the plastic rotation demand of
the members on the basis of the results of elastic analysis/design.
By using a story subframe model in regular multi-story moment
frames, the relationship between the story-drift demand and the
member plastic rotation demands was derived. In the proposed
method, the effects of various design parameters, including the
building configuration, member stiffness, redistributed moment,
and story-drift ratio, were considered. The proposed method was
applied to the seismic design of a moment frame and a dual system,
and the prediction results were compared to the results of nonlinear
analysis. In addition, the experimental verification to a small-scale
multi-story moment frame was also made.
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This paper proposes a new set of general and rational concepts useful in identifying and defining the ultimate behavior of two-dimensional reinforced concrete beam-column joints subjected to lateral load. It is based on a model that reflects observations of the crack pattern at failure and its compatible kinematic fieldoverlooked in previous research.
The kinematic model, called a nine-parameter model, is combined with nonlinear constitutive relations for concrete and steel. New concepts of ultimate moment capacity and moment at balanced failure of beam-column joints are defined. The upper bound value of reinforcement precluding joint failure before yielding of longitudinal reinforcement is also defined. In addition, this paper demonstrates how the concepts are used to derive a set of simple algebraic expressions that can be applied to design, taking as an example the simplified case of a symmetric interior beam-column joint subjected to symmetric couples transmitted through the four connected members without joint shear reinforcement or mid-layer longitudinal reinforcement in the column. The factors affecting the moment capacity and the upper bound value of reinforcement are identified by comparing the mathematical prediction to the results of the example.
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The comprehensive reference on the basics of structural analysis and design, now updated with the latest considerations of building technology
Structural design is an essential element of the building process, yet one of the most difficult to learn. While structural engineers do the detailed consulting work for a building project, architects need to know enough structural theory and analysis to design a building. Most texts on structures for architects focus narrowly on the mathematical analysis of isolated structural components, yet Building Structures looks at the general concepts with selected computations to understand the role of the structure as a building subsystem—without the complicated mathematics.
New to this edition is a complete discussion of the LRFD method of design, supplemented by the ASD method, in addition to:
The fundamentals of structural analysis and design for architects
A glossary, exercise problems, and a companion website and instructor's manual
Material ideally suited for preparing for the ARE exam
Profusely illustrated throughout with drawings and photographs, and including new case studies, Building Structures, Third Edition is perfect for nonengineers to understand and visualize structural design.
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Rockfill is an inexpesive material which can be put to many uses in civil engineering, particularly in the field of hydraulic engineering, where its durability, weight, permeability, roughness and flexibility may all employed to advantage.
In this book Professor Stephenson presents the general theory for design of rockfill structures. He assembles and condenses into usable form much research literature on the flow through and over rockfill and the stability of rockfill subject to hydraulic forces. The theory is then applied to the design of such hydraulic works as dams, breakwaters, drainage and earth retaining structures.
An assessment of the properties of rockfill and its applications is accompained by an analysis of flow through rockfill and the theory applied to the design of retaining and protective works. Dam design including underwater construction using rockfill or gabions is described. The design of gabion retaining walls and revetments is covered, as well as the use of gabions for river works including groynes and channel linings. An introduction to coastal engineering accompanies sections on the design of breakwaters, revetments and shore protection, and the reader is also introduced to the theory of transport of rock in channels and by pipeline.
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This report presents a discussion of the effects of heat generation and volume change on the design and behavior of mass concrete elements and structures. Emphasis is placed on the effects of restraint on cracking and the effects of controlled placing temperatures, concrete strength requirements, and material properties on volume change.
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I would like to request you to Re-Start Civilea Virtual Workshop. I know we did not made a sincere effort last time but i hope this time we can do some good work together.
Numerical Treatment of Partial Differential Equations
Author: Christian Grossmann, Hans-Görg Roos, Martin Stynes | Size: 5.20 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: Springer | Year: November 16, 2007 | pages: 601 | ISBN: 3540715827, ISBN-13: 978-3540715825
This book deals with discretization techniques for partial differential equations of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic type. It provides an introduction to the main principles of discretization and gives a presentation of the ideas and analysis of advanced numerical methods in the area. The book is mainly dedicated to finite element methods, but it also discusses difference methods and finite volume techniques.
Coverage offers analytical tools, properties of discretization techniques and hints to algorithmic aspects. It also guides readers to current developments in research with detailed introductions to such recent topics as a posteriori error estimation, discontinuous Galerkin methods or optimal control with partial differential equations. In addition, the authors give basic facts on how to solve generated discrete problems. Chapters on singularly perturbed problems, variational inequalities and optimal control reflect the research interests of the authors.
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This Specification provides materials criteria and fabrication requirements for unbonded single-strand tendons used in nonaggressive and aggressive environments. This Specification is not intended to apply to nonstructural elements and applications, which might include topping slabs, waterproofing slabs-on-fill, and post-tensioning used only for control of cracking or deflection. For nonflexural or membrane type structures primarily under tensile forces, the provisions apply where appropriate.
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