This European Standard specifies a procedure for determining the water suction height of an aggregate in direct contact with a free water surface.
NOTE Rise of moisture through an aggregate layer under the ground floor may cause moisture problems in the building. If the layer is thicker than the water suction height of the aggregate used, the layer is considered as a water breaking layer.
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This standard describes the reference method used for type testing and in cases of dispute for the determination of the water content of aggregates by drying in a ventilated oven. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
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This European Standard describes the reference method, the Los Angeles test, used for type testing and in case of dispute (and an alternative method, the impact test) for determining the resistance to fragmentation of coarse aggregates and aggregates for railway ballast (Annex A). For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. This European Standard applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates used in building and civil
engineering.
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This European Standard describes the reference method used for type testing and in cases of dispute for determining the particle size distribution up to 2 mm size of natural or manufactured origin filler aggregate using air jet sieving. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods may be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
NOTE A wet sieving procedure conforming to EN 933-1 can be used as an alternative method. However, this procedure is not applicable for mixed filler.
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This comprehensive reference examines the changing role and design of library buildings, using a critical examination of recent examples from around the world.
The authors, who represent the views of the architect and the client, outline the history and changing typology of the library. They examine the new national, public, academic and specialist libraries using numerous international examples including Sri Lanka, Vancouver, Johannesburg, Paris and London. New design advice and technical data is presented to illustrate the many approaches that designers have taken in creating a building with many diverse functions. The book concludes with speculations about the future of the library as a place for storing, reflecting upon and exchanging knowledge.
Libraries are undergoing fundamental change as new technology liberates the library from its dependence upon the written word. Increasingly libraries are seen as learning resource centres with a smooth interface between computer-based access and traditional book and journal material.
* Comprehensive technical coverage of library planning & design gives a complete overview
* Excellent author team representing both architects and library services to give unbiased and informed opinions
* International case studies show the theory in practice
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Libraries and Learning Resource Centres - 2nd Edition
Author: Brian Edwards | Size: 13.5 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Taylor & Francis | Year: April 29, 2009 | pages: 270 | ISBN: 1856176193, ISBN-13: 978-1856176194
Libraries and Learning Resource Centres is a comprehensive reference text examining the changing role and design of library buildings. Critical evaluations of international case studies demonstrate the principles of library design.
Available for the first time in full colour, the second edition of the work focuses particularly on the important question of access and design in public libraries. Updated case studies and technical data allow the professional architect to use the book directly in planning library projects.
Providing guidance on balancing the needs of the collection and the user, Libraries and Learning Resource Centres will be of value to all professional architects involved in library planning.
* Still the only book to provide comprehensive coverage of library design from an international perspective, giving a much wider range of design information than other publications.
* Gives practical guidance on the most important aspects of library design: balancing the needs of the collection and the needs of the user.
* Includes technical data in relation to building standards for the professional architect.
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This book is intended to fill a knowledge gap in the study of contemporary high-rise living. While there has been much documentation on the engineering and technological aspects of tall buildings, relatively little has been written about the social and livability of high-rise. Much less is written about Asian cities even though Asia is the current hotbed of high-rise development. Even though traditional discourse of high-rise housing is not always positive, new forces are redefining its place in 21st century urbanity. Many cities around the world are reembracing high-rise in urban agenda under current narrative of sustainable development. High-rise is fast becoming a priority area in international research agenda. The quest is for livable and sustainable high-rise development. Against the background of current trends--globalization, urbanization, mixed-use development, and new-built taller buildings in inner city areas in both developed and developing countries, this book examines the software: design, economics, estate management, legal and property rights, physical environment, planning, community development, and social dimensions of high-rise living. Analysis is with the widely acclaimed successful high-rise public housing in Hong Kong and Singapore to understand the advantages and worries of high-rise living, and to distill the key points and lessons in the making of a ‘good’ highrise living environment. Hong Kong and Singapore have been constructing high-rise for more than four decades each. The majority of their population has moved to live in high-rise, selecting to live high-rise, and registering consistently high residential satisfaction. The height of apartment buildings in both cities continues to rise. The tallest is anticipated to be 70-storey. It is the contention of this book that contrary to earlier common negative discourses on public high-rise living, the high-rise environment may yet offer urban residents a satisfying dwelling experience. Leading housing academics, researchers and practitioners in the two cities have contributed to this book. This book presents a timely contribution to our understanding of a widening urban phenomenon that will affect a growing number of the world’s population.
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Author: David Kent Ballast | Size: 7.67 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Wiley | Year: September 28, 2010 | pages: 278 | ISBN: 0470504978, ISBN-13: 978-0470504970
The all-in-one interior detailing guide that unites creative and technical aspects
A well-executed interior space requires the successful combination of the creative and the technical. Interior Detailing bridges the gap between design and construction, and shows how to develop and transform design concepts into details that meet the constraints, functional requirements, and constructability issues that are part of any interior design element. It offers guidance on how design professionals can combine imaginative thinking and the application of technical resources to create interiors that are aesthetically pleasing, functionally superior, and environmentally sound. Interior Detailing:
* Includes 150 easy-to-understand details showing how to logically think through the design and development of an assembly so that it conforms to the designer's intent and meets the practical requirements of good construction
* Describes how to solve any detailing design problem in a rational way
* Contains conceptual and practical approaches to designing and detailing construction components thatform interior spaces
* Shows how a small number of principles can be used to solve nearly any detailing problem
This guide covers the subject of interior spaces comprehensively by balancing the contributions of physical beauty and structural integrity in one complete volume. By following the principles laid out in this book, interior designers and architects can plan for the construction of a unique interior environment more thoughtfully and with a clearer, better-defined purpose.
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This book combines the essence of architecture and art, and explores how designers find new ways in which to balance the various contradictions and conflicts and to perfectly express their understanding of space and the owners' initial ideas and requirements. At the same time, each new project always contains many uncertain factors that refer to the furnishings or even space composition. Each of these factors seem to tell a never ending story and records people's feeling of excitement, confusion, recalling and longing. In order to illustrate the essence of interior design in a more accurate way, this book has systematically deconstructed every aspect of interior design that refers to space, structure, interface, decoration as well as special areas. Each aspect is highly detailed and illustrated from the point of functional area, besides, descriptive text and the corresponding plan vividly recur the transformation from plane to space, from the abstract to the intuition. Readers will not only find inspiration from the projects showcased in this book, but will also experience the peculiarity of interior design and enjoy the tactile sensation of the textured space.
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Scan2CAD v8 is a competitively priced, two-in-one application solution. It offers both Raster to Vector and PDF to CAD conversion in one program.
Convert More Formats
More drawings are saved today as PDF than are saved in the historic BMP, TIFF and JPEG raster file formats. To meet the growing demand for accurate PDF to CAD conversion, we have added new generation, high quality, multi-page raster, vector and hybrid PDF file conversion to Scan2CAD, our proven, industry-leading automatic raster to vector converter
With new Scan2CAD v8 you can now convert every PDF file and, depending on the quality of the scanned image, every raster file you receive from colleagues or clients into a CAD-editable DXF file format The high quality of Scan2CAD's raster and PDF conversion gives you the best of both worlds
The problem with PDF to CAD converters
Today, there are many PDF converters that will convert PDF into a CAD-editable file format. Their problem is that most are vector PDF to CAD converters only i.e. they do not convert scanned raster PDF files. Those that do offer the worst raster to vector conversion results we've seen.
The problem with Raster to Vector converters
Almost all raster to vector converters restrict themselves to converting standard raster file types, like TIFF, JPEG, etc. Few convert raster PDF files and virtually none convert vector PDF files.
As a result, many CAD users end up buying both a raster to vector converter and a PDF to CAD converter, doubling their cost.
Scan2CAD v8 - The Two-in-One Conversion Solution
By integrating innovative new generation PDF file conversion with its acclaimed professional raster to vector conversion capabilities, Scan2CAD v8 offers a comprehensive and cost-effective solution for your scanned raster and vector PDF conversion requirements - all within ONE affordable program
Fast
Quickly extract CAD-editable data from both PDF files and scanned images. Use Scan2CAD v8 to convert
• Single or multi-page vector PDF
• Single or multi-page raster PDF
• Single or multi-page hybrid PDF (raster and vector)
• Scanned (raster) images created with desktop / wide format scanners and saved as standard BMP, CAL, CIT, JPEG, TIFF, PNG etc.
Scan2CAD v8 is a competitively priced, two-in-one application solution. It offers both Raster to Vector and PDF to CAD conversion in one program.
Convert More Formats
More drawings are saved today as PDF than are saved in the historic BMP, TIFF and JPEG raster file formats. To meet the growing demand for accurate PDF to CAD conversion, we have added new generation, high quality, multi-page raster, vector and hybrid PDF file conversion to Scan2CAD, our proven, industry-leading automatic raster to vector converter
With new Scan2CAD v8 you can now convert every PDF file and, depending on the quality of the scanned image, every raster file you receive from colleagues or clients into a CAD-editable DXF file format The high quality of Scan2CAD's raster and PDF conversion gives you the best of both worlds
The problem with PDF to CAD converters
Today, there are many PDF converters that will convert PDF into a CAD-editable file format. Their problem is that most are vector PDF to CAD converters only i.e. they do not convert scanned raster PDF files. Those that do offer the worst raster to vector conversion results we've seen.
The problem with Raster to Vector converters
Almost all raster to vector converters restrict themselves to converting standard raster file types, like TIFF, JPEG, etc. Few convert raster PDF files and virtually none convert vector PDF files.
As a result, many CAD users end up buying both a raster to vector converter and a PDF to CAD converter, doubling their cost.
Scan2CAD v8 - The Two-in-One Conversion Solution
By integrating innovative new generation PDF file conversion with its acclaimed professional raster to vector conversion capabilities, Scan2CAD v8 offers a comprehensive and cost-effective solution for your scanned raster and vector PDF conversion requirements - all within ONE affordable program
Fast
Quickly extract CAD-editable data from both PDF files and scanned images. Use Scan2CAD v8 to convert
• Single or multi-page vector PDF
• Single or multi-page raster PDF
• Single or multi-page hybrid PDF (raster and vector)
• Scanned (raster) images created with desktop / wide format scanners and saved as standard BMP, CAL, CIT, JPEG, TIFF, PNG etc.
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