i need this paper , i can not find any pages on the net for reference ,but i have written the complete name and publisher of this paper here
Housner G. Spectrum intensities of strong-motion earthquakes.
In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquake and Blast
Effects on Structures. CA, USA: Los Angeles, 1952:20–36
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1) Holický, M. (2009). Reliability analysis for structural design. ISBN 978-1-920338-11-4,
SUN MeDIA, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
2)Holický, M., & Retief, J.V. (2010). Probabilistic Basis of Present Codes of Practice, Proceedings of the SEMC conference, Cape Town.
3)Holický, M., Retief, J.V., & Dunaiski, P.E. (2007). The reliability basis of design for
structural resistance. Proceedings of the SEMC conference, Cape Town
4)Holický, M., Retief, J.V., & Wium, J.A. (2010). Partial factors for selected reinforced
concrete members: Background to a revision of SANS 10100-1. SAICE Journal, 52 (1), 36-
44.
Author: Tibor Horváth | Size: 1.87 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Year: 2006 | pages: 220 | ISBN: 978-0-470-03018-9 // 0-470-03018-6
Preface
This book is attached to a computer program, and it gives textual commentaries
to each picture displayed on the screen. The computer program can be used without
this book, because the same commentary can be also displayed and read on the
screen. It depends on the decision of the user, whether the printed or the displayed
text will be preferred. The book cannot be properly used without the computer
program.
The author developed this program for illustration of the special course
LIGHTNING PROTECTION at the Budapest University of Technology and
Economics. The series of this course began about 20 years ago and now more than
100 students choose it in each semester. Projecting this program, the lecturers
almost never found it necessary to use blackboard and crayon. The examinations
verified that many students learned, with good results, from this program. The
success encouraged me to develop this version, which also contains on-screen
comments and their printed form. Therefore, it can be an excellent medium for
individual study at home. To understand some special subjects, fundamental
knowledge of mathematics and physics is necessary, although most topics do not
need them. It has been demonstrated by the great success of the presentation of the
Chapter ‘The mankind in the thunderstorm’ for little children at a nursery in
Budapest and for the students at Stanford University in USA.
Lightning was the first electrical phenomenon seen by prehistoric man,
although over 1000 years passed until scientists discovered its processes and
properties. In spite of our knowledge today lightning is still a mysterious
phenomenon. This program tries to give a fundamental knowledge about lightning
from the meteorological phenomena to the proper behaviour in open terrain during
the thunderstorm. The development of a lightning flash involves many interesting
processes, which are usually unknown. The computer animation can spectacularly
illustrate them, and shows how complex a phenomenon lightning is. However, the
investigations have discovered many details of the lightning process, though many
secrets remain unexplored. One of them is ball lightning, for which the final
solution is unknown in spite of several theories. Nevertheless, the most important
aim of investigations is the protection against danger and damage due to lightning.Concerning this aim, the first question is: Where will be the point of strike?
According to our theory, it would be on the air termination system, avoiding the
structure to be protected. Since the time of Benjamin Franklin up to now, a
protected space has been presumed into which the air termination excludes the
penetration of lightning stroke. Several lightning strokes demonstrated that no
completely protected space exists and our knowledge about the striking process
initiated a probabilistic approach to this problem. The PC program deals with this
topic on the base of a new theory and calculation method to estimate the efficiency
of lightning interception and to evaluate the risk of damage. It was described in the
book ‘Computation of Lightning Protection’ by the author published by Research
Studies Press in 1991. Nevertheless, with high efficiency, we can protect the
human being and his property against damage caused by lightning. Our knowledge
on the processes of lightning strokes helps to understand the operation of lightning
air terminal systems. The practical application of some theoretical conclusions is
illustrated with the Hungarian Standard for Lightning Protection of Structures.
However, the program does not intend to replace a handbook, referring the
standard aims only to show the practical application. The protection of low voltage
equipment and electronic equipment against over-voltage due to lightning is an
actual problem of lightning protection. This topic is dealt with on the basis of the
recent international recommendations. The operation of surge protection devices
can be demonstratively followed on the screen. The measurement methods and the
lightning localisation systems have made great developments in the last 10 years.
These are also demonstrated on screen. The author has participated over 20 times
in the International Conference on Lightning Protection, since 1963, which
compiles current information about lightning.
Study lightning from your computer at home! Enjoy and use this program with
good success!
Tibor Horváth
Professor Emeritus
Code:
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Iranians turned their efforts from rescue to relief Sunday after twin earthquakes that killed more than 300 people, trying to provide medical care for more than 2,000 injured and shelter and aid for thousands left homeless.
For a second night in a row, survivors of Saturday's magnitude 6.4 and 6.3 quakes in a northwestern province were advised to sleep outside for fear of continuing tremors. Bulldozers were already at work starting to clear up the rubble left from several destroyed villages.
The quakes hit in a sparsely populated region, but entire villages were sent crumbling to the ground. Many others were partially damaged.
The mayor of Varzaqan, one of the hardest-hit towns, said 12 villages in the region had been destroyed. Each of those villages had up to 1,000 residents and as many as a third of those people may have been killed, he told the news service.
Many of the dead were women and children killed under the rubble of falling homes as the quakes struck 11 minutes apart in late afternoon, a time when most men were still outdoors working in this agricultural region.
"Due to the traditional architecture of the villages, using clay bricks mixed with straw, rural areas have sustained most of the damage," said Reza Sedighi, Ahar's governor and head of the disaster relief center. He estimated that 25% of the public places, administrative buildings and houses were damaged.
Due to receive a lot of email/PM from users to know how they can donate for earthquake victims, we decided to manage this action, thus we stop receiving donation for CivilEA and started to receive donation for Iranian Earthquake victims, all donation will be send to related organizations in local currency,
Your Donation to Victims is highly appreciate.
all donation will be spend for victims, we`ll pay it to Red Cross and Red Crescent society or other related organization, we will publish the cheque and receipt, our first estimation for user donation was about 1000$ but we surprised today, one user donated 1000USD ! thus we extend our goals to 5000$ but this is a goal only, we`ll pay it till 2~3 days later.
BCSA has recently published a design guide which explains the Eurocode load combinations for steel structures based on the recommendations given in BS EN 1990 ‘Eurocode - Basis of Structural Design’ and BS EN 1991 ‘Eurocode 1 – Actions on Structures’. The design guide is called ‘Eurocode Load Combinations for Steel Structures’. The principal aim of this publication is to provide the reader with straightforward guidance on the loading and load combinations for both the serviceability and ultimate limit states for the following building types:
- Multi-storey buildings – Simple construction
- Multi-storey buildings – Continuous construction
- Portal frames without cranes
- Portal frames with cranes
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Superabsorbent Polymers — An Additive to Increase the Freeze-Thaw Resistance of High Strength Concrete
Author: Sven Mönnig, Pietro Lura | Size: 0.28 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Advances in Construction Materials 2007, Part V, | Year: 2007 | pages: 351-358
This paper presents the results of freeze thaw resistance tests performed on a reference mixture and a mixture with superabsorbent polymer (SAP) addition. The SAP mixture showed 40% less scaling than the reference mixture and a slight increase of the compressive strength. A simulation performed with the Hard Core Soft Shell model (HCSS) explains the good performance of the SAP mixture with the formation of a number of small, spherical and closely-spaced voids within the cement paste, which have the same function as air entrainment.
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This is paper is part of the Advances in Construction Materials 2007 which can be found here
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