This code provides the minimum requirements for the evaluation, repair, rehabilitation, and strengthening of existing concrete buildings and, where applicable, in non-building structures. The code is comprised of both prescriptive and performance requirements. Commentary is provided for both the prescriptive and performance requirements and is intended to provide guidance to the licensed design professional and referenced sources for additional information the material presented in the code provisions. The code and commentary is intended for use by individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance, limitations of its content and recommendations, and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains.
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This book helps address the need for improved freshwater resource monitoring and threat assessment by presenting current reviews and case studies focused on the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment and on the sustainability of groundwater and surface-water resources around the world. It is intended for students and professionals working in hydrology and water resources management.
Human society depends on liquid freshwater resources to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene, agriculture, and industry needs. Improved resource monitoring and better understanding of the anthropogenic threats to freshwater environments are critical to efficient management of freshwater resources and ultimately to the survival and quality of life of the global human population.
Contents
Section 1 Contaminant Hydrology: Surface Water
1 Managing the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Wastewater-Impacted Streams
2 Environmental Factors that Influence Cyanobacteria and Geosmin Occurrence in Reservoirs
3 Watershed-Scale Hydrological Modeling Methods and Applications
Section 2 Contaminant Hydrology: Groundwater
4 Arsenic in Groundwater: A Summary of Sources and the Biogeochemical and Hydrogeologic Factors Affecting Arsenic Occurrence and Mobility
5 Occurrence and Mobility of Mercury in Groundwater
6 Modeling the Long-Term Fate of Agricultural Nitrate in Groundwater in the San Joaquin Valley, California
7 Groundwater and Contaminant Hydrology
Section 3 Water Resources Sustainability
8 Geospatial Analysis of Water Resources for Sustainable Agricultural Water Use in Slovenia
9 Changing Hydrology of the Himalayan Watershed
10 Impact of Drought and Land - Use Changes on Surface - Water Quality and Quantity: The Sahelian Paradox
11 A Review of the Effects of Hydrologic Alteration on Fisheries and Biodiversity and the Management and Conservation of Natural Resources in Regulated River Systems
12 Current Challenges in Experimental Watershed Hydrology
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To have a slimmer site just an idea.
It seems to me that request solved with responses posted in another area should be erased, or posts that have no answer but solution for that requests are posted.
Examples:
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and
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with solution posted here:
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After me, all these posts should be deleted. I know that takes time.
Like this there are a lot of posts.
P.S. Just my opinion. Dont shoot the messenger! :)
A major portion of the text has been assigned to the treatment of fundamental concepts of the subjects under consideration. Also more recently developed materials have been drawn out of published literature and incorporated in the text.
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A PHP based file configuration utility.If u have a server u can easily use this absolutely free software.You can upload , download or sync any kind of files.I used this and it's a rare found free app.
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SEISMIC RETROFITTING WITH COST EFFECTIVENESS: STEEL BRACED FRAME, STEEL MOMENT FRAME, CONCRETE SHEAR WALL, CONCRETE MOMENT FRAME
Author: Han Sang Kim | Size: 2.19 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Han Sang Kim | Year: 2012 | pages: 211
Located in the heart of Los Angeles, USC is considered an earthquake prone zone, and
there is a vital imperative to ensure the safety of all students and faculties during such
an event. In order to prevent casualties, buildings must be checked and assured to
perform under design loads.
Under the current California Building Code (CBC), engineers must design all structural
members for new buildings to meet CBC 2010 standards. However, designing to simply
meet the standards cannot ensure the safety of the building and its occupants as seismic
loads in earthquakes cannot be predicted and can exceed building code expectations.
When retro‐fitting of existing buildings (designed under earlier, less stringent codes) is
considered, the CBC 2010 standards may be applied with the same caveat.
This study considers structural retrofit systems for existing buildings, taking into account
economic as well as structural factors. Two USC buildings, Waite Phillips Hall (WPH), a
12‐story classroom/office building, and Webb Tower (WTO), a 14‐story residential
building, were chosen as case‐studies to represent mid‐size buildings constructed in the
Los Angeles area. Four hypothetical structural systems for retrofit were studied: steel
braced frame, steel moment frame, concrete shear wall core, and concrete moment
frame systems. In accordance to design earthquake loads, the different systems’
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MITIGATING SHRINKAGE CRACKING OF CONCRETE IN BRIDGE DECKS THROUGH INTERNAL CURING
Author: Daniel Robert Goad | Size: 4.69 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Daniel Robert Goad | Year: 2013 | pages: 88
As the need for durable, long lasting infrastructure increases, new methods and
techniques are being explored to prolong the service life of roads and bridges. One method to
reduce shrinkage and early age cracking in concrete is internal curing. Internal curing supplies
water to concrete, using pre-wetted lightweight aggregate (LWA), as needed throughout the
process of hydration to reduce self desiccation, which leads to cracking. This research project
analyzed two types of coarse LWA, expanded clay and expanded shale. The mixtures were
developed specifically for use in bridge decks and adhered to specifications of the Arkansas State
Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD). The concrete mixtures contained LWA at
rates of 0, 100, 200, and 300 lb/yd3. The research was divided into two phases. The first phase
measured autogenous and drying shrinkage in both plastic and elastic states using embedded
vibrating wire strain gages (VWSG) cast in concrete prisms. The expanded clay LWA mixtures,
with the 300 lb. replacement rate yielding the best results, were most effective in reducing
shrinkage. Compressive strength decreased as the amount of LWA included in the mixture
increased. However, all mixtures surpassed the 28 day compressive strength specified by AHTD.
The second phase of the research project measured plastic shrinkage cracking in thin concrete
test slabs. Methods and materials were investigated to produce consistent plastic shrinkage
surface cracks of the concrete slabs. The extent of plastic shrinkage that occurred was quantified
by measuring the total crack area of the test slabs. Implementation of 300 lb. of expanded clay
LWA did not reduce the crack lengths, but did reduce the average crack widths experienced by
the test slabs due to plastic shrinkage.
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