I always wanted to be a bridge engineer. As a young man I worked on a number of big bridges and experienced a wide range of erection gantries. Most of them were a challenge to my comfort. Despite moving out of bridges and into academia 30 years ago, I have retained an interest in big bridges and I was very pleased to be asked to steer this Guide into a second edition. Bridge gantries, whether used for access or for works, can be a cause of real danger. Despite considerable efforts to improve design, manufacture and management of gantries, failures still occur and people are still killed. It may seem strange that the first message in a volume about gantries should be, “don’t use them unless you have to, and if you think you have to, think again”. Other forms of access are always being developed and even an existing gantry may be more difficult to use and more dangerous than a modern, flexible system. Of course, there are bridges where nothing else will do, where a gantry is truly essential, but even there, making a complex gantry that can reach into difficult corners may not be justified.
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This Standard specifies the loading to be used for the design of highway bridges and associated structures through the attached revision of Composite Version of BS 5400: Part 2. This revision to BS 5400: Part 2 also includes the clauses that relate to railway bridge live load.
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Bridges and culverts are designed to pass the design flood discharge and at the same time meet backwater criteria. The return period or frequency of occurrence of an event is the average period of time between events equal to or exceeding the given magnitude. The annual probability of occurrence of an event is equal to the reciprocal of the return period. For example, a flood with a return period of 100 years has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year; whereas a flood with a return period of 25 years has a 4% chance of occurring in any given year. The design frequency, or return period of the design flood, varies by type of construction.
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The first complete introduction to health monitoring, encapsulating both technical information and practical case studies spanning the breadth of the subject. Health Monitoring of Structural Materials and Components is an excellent introductory text for newcomers to the subject as well as an excellent study tool for students and lecturers. Practitioners and researchers, those with a greater understanding and application of the technical skills involved, will also find this essential reading as a reference text to address current and future challenges in this field. The wide variety of case studies will appeal to a broad spectrum of engineers in the aerospace, civil, mechanical, machinery and defence communities.
Written by a highly-respected figure in structural health monitoring, this book provides readers with the technical skills and practical understanding required to solve new problems encountered in the emerging field of health monitoring. The book presents a suite of methods and applications in loads identification (usage monitoring), in-situ damage identification (diagnostics), and damage and performance prediction (prognostics). Concepts in modelling, measurements, and data analysis are applied through real-world case studies to identify loading, assess damage, and predict the performance of structural components, as well as examine engine components, automotive accessories, aircraft parts, spacecraft components, civil structures and defence system components.
In particular the book:
* provides the reader with a fundamental and practical understanding of the material;
* discusses models demonstrating the physical basis for health monitoring techniques;
* gives a detailed review of the best practices in dynamic measurements including sensing;
* presents numerous data analysis techniques using model- and signal-based methods;
* discusses case studies involving real-world applications of health monitoring;
* offers end-of-chapter problems to enhance the study of the topic for students and instructors; and
* includes an accompanying website with MATLAB programs providing hands-on training to readers for writing health monitoring model simulation and data analysis algorithms.
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This broadly recognized national standard to design and construct bridges has been revised to be consistent with its companion, the recently updated AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Among the revisions are improved testing and acceptance criteria, updated material references, and recommended guidelines for construction loads. Included in this electronic edition are the 2010 and 2011 Interim Revisions. Following each chapter the revisions are identified as well as linked throughout the entire book where available. See the "Interim Revisions 2010 and 2011" sections for a complete list of changes to each section.
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This code provides the minimum requirements for the evaluation, repair, rehabilitation, and strengthening of existing concrete buildings and, where applicable, in non-building structures. The code is comprised of both prescriptive and performance requirements. Commentary is provided for both the prescriptive and performance requirements and is intended to provide guidance to the licensed design professional and referenced sources for additional information the material presented in the code provisions. The code and commentary is intended for use by individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance, limitations of its content and recommendations, and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains.
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This book helps address the need for improved freshwater resource monitoring and threat assessment by presenting current reviews and case studies focused on the fate and transport of contaminants in the environment and on the sustainability of groundwater and surface-water resources around the world. It is intended for students and professionals working in hydrology and water resources management.
Human society depends on liquid freshwater resources to meet drinking, sanitation and hygiene, agriculture, and industry needs. Improved resource monitoring and better understanding of the anthropogenic threats to freshwater environments are critical to efficient management of freshwater resources and ultimately to the survival and quality of life of the global human population.
Contents
Section 1 Contaminant Hydrology: Surface Water
1 Managing the Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Wastewater-Impacted Streams
2 Environmental Factors that Influence Cyanobacteria and Geosmin Occurrence in Reservoirs
3 Watershed-Scale Hydrological Modeling Methods and Applications
Section 2 Contaminant Hydrology: Groundwater
4 Arsenic in Groundwater: A Summary of Sources and the Biogeochemical and Hydrogeologic Factors Affecting Arsenic Occurrence and Mobility
5 Occurrence and Mobility of Mercury in Groundwater
6 Modeling the Long-Term Fate of Agricultural Nitrate in Groundwater in the San Joaquin Valley, California
7 Groundwater and Contaminant Hydrology
Section 3 Water Resources Sustainability
8 Geospatial Analysis of Water Resources for Sustainable Agricultural Water Use in Slovenia
9 Changing Hydrology of the Himalayan Watershed
10 Impact of Drought and Land - Use Changes on Surface - Water Quality and Quantity: The Sahelian Paradox
11 A Review of the Effects of Hydrologic Alteration on Fisheries and Biodiversity and the Management and Conservation of Natural Resources in Regulated River Systems
12 Current Challenges in Experimental Watershed Hydrology
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