ACI CODE-440.11-22: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary
Publish Date: 2022 Related Links:
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The Engineering Assessment Guidelines (the guidelines) provide a technical basis for engineers to carry out seismic assessments of existing buildings within New Zealand. The guidelines support seismic assessments for a range of purposes, and must be used by territorial authorities to decide whether or not a building is earthquake prone in terms of the Building Act 2004.
Contents
The guidelines provide the assessment component of the earthquake-prone building regulations and EPB methodology that came into force on 1 July 2017. Version 1 of the guidelines must be used for all engineering assessments that territorial authorities use to decide whether or not a building is earthquake prone.
The guidelines provide methods for two levels of assessment. Initial Seismic Assessment (ISA) provides a broad indication of the likely level of seismic performance of a building. In some cases, an ISA will be followed by a more comprehensive Detailed Seismic Assessment (DSA).
Both assessment methods rate a building as a percentage of the new building standard applied to an equivalent new building on the same site. For assessment purposes, new building standard refers to the minimum life safety performance requirements of Building Code clause B1 – Structure.
The guidelines have three distinct parts.
Part A – Assessment objectives and principles
Part A outlines the scope and application, and provides a general overview of the seismic assessment process. It describes the linkage with the relevant requirements of the Building Act 2004, associated regulations and the EPB methodology.
Part B – Initial seismic assessment
Part B describes the Initial Seismic Assessment (ISA). The ISA provides a broad indication of the likely level of seismic performance of a building. In some cases, an ISA will be followed by a Detailed Seismic Assessment.
Part C – Detailed seismic assessment
Part C describes the Detailed Seismic Assessment (DSA). The DSA provides a more comprehensive assessment than an ISA.
Part C is published in ten independent sections. Sections C1 to C4 collectively build on Part A and are to be used in conjunction with guidance for specific materials in Sections C5 to C10.
Section C1 provides an overview to the DSA process. It explains the objectives and sets out key steps for an assessment at this level, including specific guidance on the calculation of an earthquake score in the context of a DSA.
Section C2 sets out a DSA procedure. It specifies general analysis requirements including basic assumptions, selection of seismic analysis procedures, and the consideration of structural weaknesses.
Section C3 explains how to determine the earthquake hazard and loading requirements used to assess the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) demand that relates the building capacity to the standard required for a new building.
Section C4 provides guidance for considering geotechnical behaviour and its impact on the seismic behaviour and earthquake rating of existing buildings. This section includes guidance on the recommended interactions between structural engineers and geotechnical engineers and their particular roles and responsibilities.
Sections C5 to C9 provide assessment methods for the specific construction materials of existing buildings:
C5 – Concrete buildings
C6 – Structural steel buildings
C7 – Moment resisting frames with infill panels
C8 – Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings
C9 – Timber buildings
Section C10 gives specific recommendations for assessing Secondary Structural and Non-Structural (SSNS) building elements. The guidance in this section allows these elements to be rated either independently or in conjunction with an overall building assessment.
Templates
The Initial Evaluation Procedure (IEP) assessment template [ZIP 2.6MB] (note: this is a maco-enabled spreadsheet supplied in a ZIP file) provides working versions of tables IEP-1 to IEP-5.
The assessment summary report is used to summarise the key points from initial seismic assessments (Part B) and detailed seismic assessments (Part C) and must be included at the front of all engineering assessments for earthquake-prone buildings purposes.
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To develop and test methodologies to improve predictions of inundation hydrodynamics and loading in developed (urban) regions for both storm wave and tsunami inundation, as aligned with the National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program and the Structural Performance under Multi-Hazard Program.
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This is the first edition of CSA Z245.17, Cold bends.
This Standard covers the requirements for factory-made steel cold bends intended to be used for transporting fluids as specified in CSA Z662.
As of this edition, induction bends and cold bends have been removed from CSA Z245.11, Steel fittings, and are now covered in CSA Z245.16 and Z245.17, respectively.
CSA Group acknowledges that the development of this Standard was made possible, in part, by the valuable dedication of Maros Tropp and the financial support of ATCO Ltd., Benpro Technologies Corp., British Columbia Oil and Gas Commission, Enbridge Inc., FortisBC Energy Inc., TC Energy Corp., and Tectubi Raccordi S.p.A. (Allied Fitting).
This Standard was prepared by the Subcommittee on Materials, under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Pipeline Systems and Materials, and the Strategic Steering Committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry Systems, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee.
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Title of paper: Critical Buckling Loads for Tapered Columns
Authors: James M. Gere , M.ASCE and Winfred O. Carter
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This book presents unified design approach for strengthening concrete members with different techniques such as concrete, steel, and FRP jacketing. Preference between the various techniques is explained in light of strengthening limits, procedures, and application for each case. Examples for evaluation of existing structures and design equations for strengthening concrete elements are presented based on the ACI design codes and standards. Numerical examples are also given for different strengthening techniques with illustrations for the construction methodology and detailing for each case.Several case studies are explained starting from problem diagnosis, structure analysis, proposal for different strengthening methodologies, and implementation procedure for the selected scheme. The case studies include structures subjected to gravity loads, lateral loads, elevated temperature, and differential settlement of the foundations. It addresses design and construction errors, environmental impact, and soil movement. The case studies include conventional reinforced concrete, post-tensioned, and precast concrete members.
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Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Understand the complexities and challenges of retrofitting building infrastructure
Across the world, buildings are gradually becoming structurally unsound. Many were constructed before seismic load capacity was a mandatory component of building standards, and were often built with low-quality materials or using unsafe construction practices. Many more are simply aging, with materials degrading, and steel corroding. As a result, efforts are ongoing to retrofit existing structures, and to develop new techniques for assessing and enhancing seismic load capacity in order to create a safer building infrastructure worldwide.
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings provides a thorough book-length discussion of these techniques and their applications. Balancing theory and practice, the book provides engineers with a broad base of knowledge from which to approach real-world seismic assessments and retrofitting projects. It incorporates knowledge and experience frequently omitted from the building design process for a fuller account of this critical engineering subfield.
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings readers will also find:
Detailed treatment of each available strengthening technique, complete with advantages and disadvantages
In-depth guidelines to select a specific technique for a given building type and/or engineering scenario
Step-by-step guidance through the assessment/retrofitting process
Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings is an ideal reference for civil and structural engineering professionals and advanced students, particularly those working in seismically active areas.
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Predicting compressive strength of green concrete using hybrid artificial neural network with genetic algorithm
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A combination of deep learning and genetic algorithm for predicting the compressive strength of high-performance concrete
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Hi, does anyone using software Parabuild steel for steel detailing and workshop drawings. I am interested in the user's opinion about the program in order to decide on its purchase.
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