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Modelling Steel and Composite Structures
Author(s)/Editor(s): Pedro Colmar Gonçalves da Silva Vellasco, Luciano Rodrigues Ornelas De Lima, Sebastião Arthur Lopes De Andrade, Marley Maria Bernardes Rebuzzi Vellasco and Luís Alberto Proença Simões da Silva . | Size: 58.5 MB| Format:PDF| Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann | Year: 2017| pages: 463 | ISBN: 9780128135693
Modeling Steel and Composite Structures explains the computational tools, methods and procedures used to design steel and composite structures. The reference begins with the main models used to determine structural behavior. This is followed by a detailed description of experimental models and their main requirements and care. Numerous simulations presenting non-linear response are illustrated as are their restrictions in terms of boundary conditions, main difficulties, solution strategies and methods adopted to surpass convergence difficulties. In addition, examples of the use of computational intelligence methods to simulate steel and composite structures response are presented.
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Cold formed structural members are being used more widely in routine structural design as the world steel industry moves from the production of hot-rolled section and plate to coil and strip, often with galvanised and/or painted coatings. Steel in this form is more easily delivered from the steel mill to the manufacturing plant where it is usually cold-rolled into open and closed section members.
This book not only summarises the research performed to date on cold form tubluar members and connections but also compares design rules in various standards and provides practical design examples .
Description:
Content:
Preface, Pages v-vi
Notation, Pages xi-xiv
Chapter 1 - Introduction, Pages 1-14
Chapter 2 - Cold-Formed Tubular Sections, Pages 15-34
Chapter 3 - Members Subjected to Bending, Pages 35-66
Chapter 4 - Members Subjected to Compression, Pages 67-89
Chapter 5 - Members Subjected to Bending and Compression, Pages 91-116
Chapter 6 - Members Subjected to Concentrated Forces, Pages 117-148
Chapter 7 - Tension Members and Welds in Thin Cold-Formed Tubes, Pages 149-178
Chapter 8 - Welded Connections Subjected to Fatigue Loading, Pages 179-206
Chapter 9 - Recent Developments, Pages 207-235
Subject Index, Pages 237-238
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This book deals with the analysis and behaviour of composite structural members that are made by joining a steel component to a concrete component. The emphasis of the book is to impart a fundamental understanding of how composite structures work, so engineers develop a feel for the behaviour of the structure, often missing when design is based solely by using codes of practice or by the direct application of prescribed equations. It is not the object to provide quick design procedures for composite members, as these are more than adequately covered by recourse to such aids as safe load tables. The subject should therefore be of interest to practising engineers, particularly if they are involved in the design of non-standard or unusual composite structures for buildings and bridges, or are involved in assessing, upgrading, strengthening or repairing existing composite structures. The fundamentals in composite construction are covered first, followed by more advanced topics that include: behaviour of mechanical and rib shear connectors; local buckling; beams with few shear connectors; moment redistribution and lateral-distortional buckling in continuous beams; longitudinal splitting; composite beams with service ducts; composite profiled beams and profiled slabs; composite columns; and the fatigue design and assessment of composite bridge beams
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Author(s)/Editor(s): Editor-in-chief: Francesco Tornabene Managing Editor: Katarzyna Gajewska | Size: 51.1 MB| Format:PDF| Year: 2019| pages: 263 | ISBN: 2353-7396
CURVED AND LAYERED STRUCTURES, Volume 6 (2019). The aim of Curved and Layered Structures is to become a premier source of knowledge and a worldwide-recognized platform of research and knowledge exchange for scientists of different disciplinary origins and backgrounds (e.g., civil, mechanical, marine, aerospace engineers and architects). The journal publishes research papers from a broad range of topics and approaches including structural mechanics, computational mechanics, engineering structures, architectural design, wind engineering, aerospace engineering, naval engineering, structural stability, structural dynamics, structural stability/reliability, experimental modeling and smart structures. Therefore, the Journal accepts both theoretical and applied contributions in all subfields of structural mechanics as long as they contribute in a broad sense to the core theme.
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Design of Concrete Buildings for Earthquake & Wind Forces According to UBC97
Author(s)/Editor(s): David A. Fanella, Javeed A. Munshi | Size: 10.8 MB| Format:PDF| Publisher: Portland Cement Assn| Year: 1998| pages: 202 | ISBN: 0893121959, 9780893121952
From the Preface: "...Special emphasis is given to the detailing requirements for a variety of structural componenets in regions of low, moderate, and high seismic risk. The detailed design of three reinforced concrete buildings in high seismic zones utilizing the various structural systems recognized in the 1997 UBC is illustrated. All three buildings are analyzed and designed for the combined effects of gravity, seismic, and wind loads...."
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Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures
Author(s)/Editor(s): Levon G. Petrosian, Vladimir A. Ambartsumian | Size: 8.9 MB| Format:PDF| Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc| Year: 2020| pages: 521 | ISBN: 1119592836,9781119592839
Description:
An authoritative guide to the theory and practice of static and dynamic structures analysis
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures examines static and dynamic analysis of engineering structures for methodological and practical purposes. In one volume, the authors ? noted engineering experts ? provide an overview of the topic and review the applications of modern as well as classic methods of calculation of various structure mechanics problems. They clearly show the analytical and mechanical relationships between classical and modern methods of solving boundary value problems.
The first chapter offers solutions to problems using traditional techniques followed by the introduction of the boundary element methods. The book discusses various discrete and continuous systems of analysis. In addition, it offers solutions for more complex systems, such as elastic waves in inhomogeneous media, frequency-dependent damping and membranes of arbitrary shape, among others. Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures is filled with illustrative examples to aid in comprehension of the presented material. The book:
Illustrates the modern methods of static and dynamic analysis of structures;
Provides methods for solving boundary value problems of structural mechanics and soil mechanics;
Offers a wide spectrum of applications of modern techniques and methods of calculation of static, dynamic and seismic problems of engineering design;
Presents a new foundation model.
Written for researchers, design engineers and specialists in the field of structural mechanics, Static and Dynamic Analysis of Engineering Structures provides a guide to analyzing static and dynamic structures, using traditional and advanced approaches with real-world, practical examples.
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Dynamic Analysis of Structures reflects the latest application of structural dynamics theory to produce more optimal and economical structural designs. Written by an author with over 37 years of researching, teaching and writing experience, this reference introduces complex structural dynamics concepts in a user-friendly manner. The author includes carefully worked-out examples which are solved utilizing more recent numerical methods. These examples pave the way to more accurately simulate the behavior of various types of structures. The essential topics covered include principles of structural dynamics applied to particles, rigid and deformable bodies, thus enabling the formulation of equations for the motion of any structure.
Preface
General concepts and principles of structural dynamics
Chapter outline
Introduction
Types of dynamic loads
Dynamic degrees of freedom
Dynamic model and formulation of the equation of motion of SDOF systems
Derivation of the equations of motion using dAlemberts principle
Principle of virtual displacements
Hamiltons principle
Lagranges equations
Derivation of Lagranges equations
Lagrange multipliers
Small displacements
Potential energy and stiffness matrix
Kinetic energy and mass matrix
Raleighs dissipation function
Influence of the gravity loads
Problems
References and further reading
Single-degree-of-freedom systems: Free vibrations
Chapter outline
Introduction
Free undamped vibrations
Free damped vibrations
Critically damped system
Underdamped system
Overdamped system
Conservation of energy in an undamped system
Problems
References and further reading
Chapter 3: Single-degree-of-freedom systems: Forced vibrations
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Response to harmonic loading
3.2.1. Response of undamped systems to harmonic loading
3.2.2. Response of damped systems to harmonic loading
3.3. Response to arbitrary dynamic loading-Duhamels integral
3.3.1. Undamped vibrations
3.3.2. Damped vibrations
3.4. Analytical evaluation of the Duhamel integral-applications
3.4.1. Response to step function load
3.4.2. Response to ramp function load
3.4.3. Response to step function load with finite rise time. Static load
3.5. Response to impulsive loads
3.5.1. Rectangular pulse load
3.5.2. Triangular pulse load
3.5.3. Asymmetrical triangular pulse load
3.5.4. Response to piecewise linear loading
3.6. Response to a periodic loading
3.6.1. Periodic loads
3.6.2. Fourier series
3.6.3. Response of the SDOF system to periodic excitation
3.7. Response to unit impulse
3.7.1. The delta function or Diracs delta function
3.7.2. Response to unit impulse
3.7.3. Response to arbitrary loading
3.7.4. The reciprocal theorem in dynamics
3.8. Problems
References and further reading
Numerical integration of the equation of motion
Chapter outline
Introduction
The central difference method
The average acceleration method
The analog equation method
Stability of the numerical integration methods
Errors in the numerical integration
Difference equations
Difference equations and stability of the numerical integration methods
Stability of the central difference method
Stability of the average acceleration method
Stability of the analog equation method
Accuracy of the numerical integration
Problems
References and further reading
Chapter 5: Nonlinear response: Single-degree-of-freedom systems
Chapter outline
5.1. Introduction
5.2. The central difference method
5.3. The average acceleration method
5.4. The analog equation method
5.5. Problems
References and further reading
Response to ground motion and vibration isolation
Chapter outline
Introduction
Equation of motion: Relative displacement
Response spectra
Equation of motion in terms of the total displacement
Vibration isolation
Transmission of force
Transmission of motion
Problems
References and further reading
Damping in structures
Chapter outline
Introduction
Loss of energy due to damping
Equivalent viscous damping
Hysteretic damping
Coulomb damping
Free vibrations with Coulomb damping
Forced vibrations with Coulomb damping
Damping modeling via fractional derivatives
Introduction
The fractional derivative
Measurement of damping
Free vibration decay method
Resonance amplitude method
Width of response curve method
Problems
References and further reading
Generalized single-degree-of-freedom systems-Continuous systems
Chapter outline
Introduction
Generalized single-degree-of-freedom systems
Continuous systems
Introduction
Solution of the beam equation of motion
Free vibrations of beams
The simply supported beam
The cantilever beam
Orthogonality of the free-vibration modes
Forced vibrations of beams
Problems
References and further reading
Analysis in the frequency domain
Chapter outline
Introduction
Complex form of the Fourier series
Complex dynamic response to periodic load
Fourier integral representation of a nonperiodic load
Response to a nonperiodic load
Discrete Fourier transform
Application of the discrete Fourier transform to dynamic analysis
Fast Fourier transform
The Sande-Tukey algorithm
Problems
References and further reading
Multi-degree-of-freedom systems: Models and equations of motion
Introduction
Systems with localized mass and localized stiffness
Systems with distributed mass and localized stiffness
Systems with localized mass and distributed stiffness
The method of influence coefficients
Elastic forces
Damping forces
Inertial forces
Systems with distributed mass and distributed stiffness
The method of global shape functions
Mixed systems
Transformations of the equations of motion
Problems
References and further reading
The finite element method
Introduction
The finite element method for the plane truss
Properties of the plane truss element
The method of the Lagrange equations
The method of virtual work
Transformation of the nodal coordinates of the truss element
Equation of motion of the plane truss
Steps to formulate the equations of motion for a plane truss by the finite element method
Modification of the equations of motion due to the supports of the structure
The finite element method for the plane frame
Properties of the plane frame element
The method of the Lagrange equations
The method of virtual work
Transformation of the nodal coordinates of the plane frame element
Static condensation: Guyans reduction
Flexural vibrations of a plane frame
Reduction of the degrees of freedom due to constraints
Axial constraints in the plane frame
The finite element method for the plane grid
Properties of the plane grid element
Transformation of the nodal coordinates of the plane grid element
The finite element method for the space frame
Properties of the space frame element
Transformation of the nodal coordinates of the space frame element
The finite element method for the space truss
Properties of the space truss element
Transformation of the nodal coordinates of the space truss element
Rigid bodies within flexible skeletal structures
Rigid bodies in spaces frames
Rigid bodies in spaces trusses, plane grids, plane frames, and plane trusses
Problems
References and further reading
Multi-degree-of-freedom systems: Free vibrations
Chapter outline
Introduction
Free vibrations without damping
Orthogonality of eigenmodes
Eigenmodes of systems with multiple eigenfrequencies
The linear eigenvalue problem
The standard eigenvalue problem of linear algebra
Properties of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
The generalized eigenvalue problem
The Rayleigh quotient
Properties of eigenfrequencies and modes of MDOF systems without damping: A summary
Solution of the vibration problem without damping
The method of mode superposition
Solution of the vibration problem with damping
Direct solution of the differential equation
Linearization of the quadratic eigenvalue problem
The use of a proportional viscous damping matrix
Construction of a proportional damping matrix
Rayleigh damping
Additional orthogonality conditions: Caughey damping matrix
Construction of the proportional damping matrix using the modal matrix
Problems
References and further reading
Numerical evaluation of the eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes
Chapter outline
Introduction
The vector iteration method
The inverse vector iteration method
Convergence of the inverse vector iteration method
Computation of higher-order eigenpairs
The vector purification method
The inverse vector iteration method with shifts
Free or partially supported structure
Problems
References and further reading
Multi-degree-of-freedom systems: Forced vibrations
Introduction
The mode superposition method
Modal contribution in the mode superposition method
Modal participation
Static correction method
Error in mode superposition method due to truncation of higher modes
Reduction of the dynamic degrees of freedom
Static condensation
Kinematic constraints
Rayleigh-Ritz method
Ritz transformation
Approximation using Ritz vectors
Selection of Ritz vectors
Method of natural mode shapes
The method of derived Ritz vectors
Support excitation
Multiple support excitation
Uniform support excitation
The response spectrum method
Comparison of mode superposition method and Rayleigh-Ritz method
Numerical integration of the equations of motions-Linear MDOF systems
The central difference method (CDM)-Linear equations
The average acceleration method (AAM)-Linear equations
The analog equation method (AEM)-Linear equations
Numerical integration of the equations of motions-Nonlinear MDOF systems
The average acceleration method (AAM)-Nonlinear equations
The analog equation method (AEM)-Nonlinear equations
Problems
References and further reading
Dynamic analysis of multistory buildings
Chapter outline
Introduction
The multistory building
The concept of the multistory element
Nodal displacement matrix, nodal force matrix, transformation matrix, and stiffness matrix of the MSE
Mass matrix of the MSE and multistory building
Equation of motion of the multistory building
Dynamic response of multistory buildings due to ground motion
Problems
References and further reading
Base isolation
Chapter outline
Introduction
Analysis of the one-story building with base isolation
Linear response of the isolation systems
Modeling of nonlinear response of isolation systems
Linear springs or laminated rubber bearings with flat sliders
Linear springs or rubber bearings and nonlinear dampers
Friction pendulum bearing
High damping rubber bearing or lead rubber bearing-Bilinear model
Hysteretic isolators-Bouc-Wen model
The multistory building with base isolation
The equation of motion of the multistory building with base isolation
Reduction of the DOF of the superstructure using mode shapes
Reduction of the superstructure DOF using Ritz vectors
Linear response of the isolation system
Nonlinear response of the isolation system
Problems
References and further reading
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Science is for those who learn; poetry for those who know. ―Joseph Roux This book is a continuation of my previous book, Dynamics and Control of Structures [44]. The expanded book includes three additional chapters and an additional appendix: Chapter 3, “Special Models”; Chapter 8, “Modal Actuators and Sensors”; and Chapter 9, “System Identification. ” Other chapters have been significantly revised and supplemented with new topics, including discrete-time models of structures, limited-time and -frequency grammians and reduction, almo- balanced modal models, simultaneous placement of sensors and actuators, and structural damage detection. The appendices have also been updated and expanded. Appendix A consists of thirteen new Matlab programs. Appendix B is a new addition and includes eleven Matlab programs that solve examples from each chapter. In Appendix C model data are given. Several books on structural dynamics and control have been published. Meirovitch’s textbook [108] covers methods of structural dynamics (virtual work, d’Alambert’s principle, Hamilton’s principle, Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s equations, and modal analysis of structures) and control (pole placement methods, LQG design, and modal control). Ewins’s book [33] presents methods of modal testing of structures. Natke’s book [111] on structural identification also contains excellent material on structural dynamics. Fuller, Elliot, and Nelson [40] cover problems of structural active control and structural acoustic control.
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The book introduces the basic concepts of the finite element method in the static and dynamic analysis of beam, plate, shell and solid structures, discussing how the method works, the characteristics of a finite element approximation and how to avoid the pitfalls of finite element modeling. Presenting the finite element theory as simply as possible, the book allows readers to gain the knowledge required when applying powerful FEA software tools. Further, it describes modeling procedures, especially for reinforced concrete structures, as well as structural dynamics methods, with a particular focus on the seismic analysis of buildings, and explores the modeling of dynamic systems. Featuring numerous illustrative examples, the book allows readers to easily grasp the fundamentals of the finite element theory and to apply the finite element method proficiently.
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