P751/D2+1, May 2018 - IEEE Draft Guide for Wood Structures Used for Overhead Electric Transmission Lines
Author(s): IEEE Edition: 2 Publish Date: 01 January 2018 ISBN: 978-1-5044-5049-2 Published By: IEEE Related Links:
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Permanent elongation of conductors. Predictor equation and evaluation methods
Author(s): Working Group 22.05 Edition: 1 Publish Date: 1981 ISBN: N/A Published By: CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems) Related Links:
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The above publication is related to Sag calculation of cables/conductors to find the load on the supporting structure. Much appreciated if a member can share it.
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This guide is a companion document to ACI 506.2, “Specification for Shotcrete,” and provides information on materials and properties of both dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete. Most facets of the shotcrete process are covered, including application procedures, equipment requirements, and responsibilities of the shotcrete crew. Other aspects, such as preconstruction trials, craftsman qualification tests, materials tests, finished shotcrete acceptance tests, and equipment, are also discussed.
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This guide provides recommendations on design provisions for the use of ASTM A1035/ASTM A1035M Type CS Grade 100 (690) deformed steel bars for reinforced concrete members. The recommendations address only those requirements of ACI 318-14 that limit efficient use of such steel bars. Other code requirements are not affected. Any other ACI 318 versions will be explicitly specified.
Although there are limiting ACI 318 requirements, ACI 318-14 Section 1.10 would allow the use of high-strength reinforcement. “Sponsors...shall have the right to present the data on which their design is based to the building official or to a board of examiners appointed by the building official.”
The International Building Code (IBC 2012) would allow the same under Section 104.11, “Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment”. To approve an alternative material under this section, a building department would typically require an ICC Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) Evaluation Report, which would be based on an ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria (AC) document. An AC document (ICC-ES AC429) and an Evaluation Report (ICC-ES ESR-2107) exist, permitting the use of ASTM A1035/A1035M Grade 100 reinforcement.
This guide includes a discussion of the material characteristics of Grade 100 (690) ASTM A1035/A1035M (CS) deformed steel bars and recommends design criteria for beams, columns, slab, systems, walls, and footings for Seismic Design Category (SDC) A, B, or C, and for structural components not designated as part of the seismic-force-resisting system for SDC D, E, or F.
A structure assigned to SDC A, B, or C is required to be designed for all applicable gravity and environmental loads. In the case of SDC A structures, seismic forces are notional structural integrity forces. This guide addresses all design required for SDC A, B, and C structures.
Because the modulus of elasticity for ASTM A1035/A1035M (CS) is similar to that of carbon steel (ASTM A615/A615M) using higher specified minimum yield strength fy may result in higher steel stress at service load condition and potentially cause wider cracks and larger deflections, which may be objectionable if aesthetics and water-tightness are critical design requirements. Higher deflection can also contribute to serviceability issues. Also, with higher fy, the required development length will be longer.
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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have emerged as an alternative for producing reinforcing bars for concrete structures. Fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcing bars offer advantages over steel reinforcement because they are noncorrosive. Some FRP bars are nonconductive as well. Due to other differences in the physical and mechanical behavior of FRP materials versus steel, unique guidance on the engineering and construction of concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars is necessary. Other countries and regions, such as Japan, Canada, and Europe have established design and construction guidelines specifically for the use of FRP bars as concrete reinforcement. This guide offers general information on the history and use of FRP reinforcement, a description of the unique material properties of FRP, and guidelines for the design and construction of structural concrete members reinforced with FRP bars. This guide is based on the knowledge gained from worldwide experimental research, analytical work, and field applications of FRP reinforcement.
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This guide presents analysis methods, design procedures, slab reinforcement and detailing practices, and strength and serviceability considerations, as well as information for the resistance to lateral forces for slab-column frames. It also covers the design for flexure and shear and torsion, as well as the effect of openings. Both two-way nonprestressed slabs and post-tensioned slabs are included.
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