A detailed view on the effects of seismic activity on tank structures
As the use of above-ground and underground storage tanks (ASTs and USTs) continues to grow―with approximately 545,000 in the USA alone―the greatest threat to ASTs and USTs is earthquakes, causing the contamination of groundwater, a vital source of drinking water throughout the world. These tanks suffer a great deal of strain during an earthquake, as a complicated pattern of stress affects them, such that poorly designed tanks have leaked, buckled, or even collapsed during seismic events. Furthermore, in oil and gas industrial plants, the risk of damage is even more critical due to the effects of explosion, collapse, and air or soil contamination by chemical fluid spillages.
Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks provides the first in-depth discussion of the principles and applications of shell structure design and earthquake engineering analyses focused on tank structures, and it explains how these methodologies can help prevent the destruction of ASTs and USTs during earthquakes. Providing a thorough examination of the design, analysis, and performance of steel, reinforced concrete, and precast tanks, this book takes a look at tanks that are above-ground, underground, or elevated, anchored and unanchored, and rigid or flexible, and evaluates the efficacy of each method during times of seismic shaking―and it does so without getting bogged down in impenetrable mathematics and theory.
Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks readers will also find:
A global approach to the best analytical and practical solutions available in each region:
discussion of the latest US codes and standards from the American Society of Civil Engineers (ACSE 7), the American Concrete Institute (ACI 350,3, 371.R), the American Water Works Association (AWWA D100, D110, D115), and the American Petroleum Institute (API 650)
an overview of the European codes and standards, including Eurocode 8-4 and CEN-EN 14015
Hundreds of step-by-step equations, accompanied by illustrations
Photographs illustrating real-world damage to tanks caused by seismic events
Perfect for practising structural engineers, geotechnical engineers, civil engineers, and engineers of all kinds who are responsible for the design, analysis, and performance of tanks and their foundations―as well as students studying engineering―Seismic Design and Analysis of Tanks is a landmark text, the first work of its kind to deal with the seismic engineering performance of all types of storage tanks.
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What is BS 8102 – Code of practice for below ground structures about?
BS 8102 focuses on below ground structures. BS 8102 provides best industrial guidance for design of below ground structures to prevent contamination.
BS 8102 gives recommendations and provides guidance on methods of dealing with and preventing the entry of water from external sources into structures that are partly or wholly below ground.
It covers the use of:
Waterproofing barrier materials applied to the structure
Structurally integral watertight construction
Drained cavity construction
Who is BS 8102 - Code of practice for below ground structures for?
BS 8102 on windscreen repair is useful for:
Manufacturers of waterproofing and drainage systems
Design engineers
Architects
Product specifiers
Geotechnical engineers and site investigators
Contractors
Site engineers
Building control – local authority and private
Why should you use BS 8102 - Code of practice for below ground structures?
Strategies for dealing with all external sources of groundwater, surface/flood water, soil gases and contaminants should be determined from the very earliest stages of the planning and design processes for any project involving below ground structures.
BS 8102 provides guidance on the drainage outside the structure and recognizes the risk of water entering a structure through openings. BS 8102 covers structural design, overall weatherproofing design, waterproofing design and construction processes sequencing, and buildability of the structure BS 8102 provides methods for evaluation of groundwater conditions and consideration of harmful ground gases, risk assessment and how to manage these risks in below ground structures. This will ensure development of a robust design for protecting a structure from entry of water from external sources.
BS 8102 contributes to UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 on industry, innovation and infrastructure and Goal 11 on sustainable cities and communities.
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The 2015 Aluminum Design Manual is essential for all professionals who work with aluminum in structural applications, this comprehensive, up-to-date resource includes: Specification for Aluminum Structures: (US units) The 2015 Specification for Aluminum Structures is the first unified allowable strength design and load and resistance factor design aluminum Specification. It provides rules for determining the strength of aluminum structural components and minimum strengths for wrought, cast, and welded aluminum alloys and aluminum fasteners; Commentary: (US units) discusses the provisions in the Specification for Aluminum Structures and provides references; Design Guide: ( US units) addresses structural design issues not included in the Specification for Aluminum Structures, including diaphragms, adhesive bonded joints, aluminum composite material, extrusion design, corrosion prevention, fire protection, sustainability, and design references for aluminum structural components in automobiles, bridges, rail cars, ships, pressure vessels, pipe, and storage tanks; Material Properties: (US and SI units) includes alloy and temper designation systems for wrought and cast aluminum alloys; comparative characteristics of wrought alloys; foreign alloy designations correlated with US alloy designations; and typical mechanical and physical properties, including thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, and density ; Section Properties: (US units) lists dimensions and section properties for aluminum channels, I-beams, angles, tees, zees, square and rectangular tube, round tube, pipe, and roofing and siding, as well as sheet metal and wire gauges; Design Aids: (US units) provides buckling constants, allowable stress tables for various alloys, allowable load tables for channels and I-beams in bending, tread plate, roofing and siding; fastener strengths, minimum bend radii for aluminum sheet and plate, wire, and rod, design stresses for groove and fillet welds, and beam formulas;
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This Specification describes bonding fresh concrete, hardened concrete, steel, and other materials as covered in Section 2.3 to hardened concrete with a multi-component epoxy adhesive as defined for this purpose in ASTM C881/C881M. Included are controls for adhesive labeling; storage; handling; surface evaluation and preparation; mixing and application; and inspection, safety, quality control, and testing.
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The long-term performance of concrete repair intended to address corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel is influenced by the depth of repair and the condition of the substrate concrete surrounding the repair area. The extent of concrete removal should be adjusted in accordance with the degree and nature of distress affecting the member or structure, while taking into account the concrete condition, the structural design, and the applied loads.
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This TechNote discusses the implications of improper procedures for curing test specimens at the jobsite that result in strength test results that are not reliable for acceptance of concrete.
Keywords:
contractor; engineer of record (EOR); initial curing; responsibilities; test specimens; testing agency.
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Building information modeling (BIM) presents structural information in the form of three-dimensional (3-D) graphical representations of elements such as beams, columns, and slabs. This information may be further associated with metadata (nongraphical information) such as compressive strength, reinforcement ratio, and maximum aggregate size. It is not necessarily possible to review a modeled object and understand its accuracy or intention. Viewers of models tend to assume designs are more complete than they may actually be, partially due to highly detailed graphics. Does this object represent 10, 30, or 80% of the final design?
Keywords:
beams; building information modeling; cast-in-place; columns; level of development; slabs.
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This Specification covers epoxy slurry (ES) polymer overlay for bridge and parking garage decks. Type ES polymer overlay incorporates a low-modulus epoxy binder, fillers, and selected aggregate to produce a flexible, skid-resistant, and low-permeability overlay. The overlay may be used for both new construction and rehabilitation of existing structures. The overlay is placed by applying the mixed epoxy binder and filler to the surface and broadcasting aggregate. This Specification includes requirements for epoxy resin, fillers, aggregates, storage and handling, surface preparation, surface profile, mixing, placement, quality control, and quality assurance.
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This document provides a guide for owners, contractors, designers, and testing, specifying, and inspection organizations engaged in the application of shotcrete for underground support. The guide provides general information for the selection of constituent materials, and methods to proportion shotcrete. Typical methods of batching, mixing, and handling of proportioned shotcrete materials are detailed along with shotcrete placement methods and equipment.
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