FIB 49: Corrosion protection of reinforcing steels
Size: 17 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2009 | Pages: 126 | ISBN: 9782883940895
It has long been recognised that corrosion of steel is extremely costly and affects many industry sectors, including concrete construction. The cost of corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is estimated at many billions of dollars worldwide.
The corrosion of steel reinforcement represents a deterioration of the steel which in turn detrimentally affects its performance and therefore that of the concrete element within which it has been cast. A great amount of work has been undertaken over the years concerning the prevention of corrosion of steel, including the application of coatings, which has included the study of the process of corrosion itself, the properties of reinforcing steels and their resistance to corrosion as well as the design of structures and the construction process.
The objective of fib Bulletin 49 is to provide readers with an appreciation of the principles of corrosion of reinforcing steel embedded in concrete and to describe the behavior of particular steels and their coatings as used to combat the effects of such corrosion. These include galvanised reinforcement, epoxy coated reinforcement, and stainless reinforcing steel. It also provides information on the relative costs of the materials and products which it covers.
It does not deal with structure design or the process of construction or with the post-construction phase of structure management including repair. It is hoped that it will nevertheless increase the understanding of readers in the process of corrosion of reinforcing steels and the ability of key materials and processes to reduce its harmful effects.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
FIB 45: Practitioners' guide to finite element modelling of reinforced concrete structures
Size: 42 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: By: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2008 | Pages: 347 | ISBN: 9782883940857
Non-linear computer analysis methods have seen remarkable advancement in the last half-century. The state-of-the-art in non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete has progressed to the point where such procedures are close to being practical, every-day tools for design office engineers. Non-linear computer analysis procedures can be used to provide reliable assessments of the strength and integrity of damaged or deteriorated structures, or of structures built to previous codes, standards or practices deemed to be deficient today. They can serve as valuable tools in assessing the expected behaviour from retrofitted structures, or in investigating and rationally selecting amongst various repair alternatives.
fib Bulletin 45 provides an overview of current concepts and techniques relating to computer-based finite element modelling of structural concrete. It summarises the basic knowledge required for use of nonlinear analysis methods as applied to practical design, construction and maintenance of concrete structures, and attempts to provide a diverse and balanced portrayal of the current technical knowledge, recognizing that there are often competing and conflicting viewpoints.
This report does not give advice on picking one model over another but, rather, provides guidance to designers on how to use existing and future models as tools in design practice, in benchmarking of their models against established and reliable test data and in selecting an appropriate safety factor as well as recognising various pitfalls.
fib Bulletin 45 is intended for practicing engineers, and therefore focuses more on practical application and less on the subtleties of constitutive modelling.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
FIB 42: Constitutive modelling of high strength/high performance concrete
Size: 3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2008 | Pages: 134 | ISBN: 9782883940826
High Strength/High Performance Concrete (HSC/HPC) continues to be the object of particular interest and extensive research, and its use in construction is increasing continuously. fib Bulletin 42 summarises the available information on the material behavior of HSC/HPC, and develops a set of code-type constitutive relations as an extension of CEB-FIP Model Code 1990.
Literature on experimental data and international guidelines, standards and recommendations were reviewed, and already-existing constitutive relations and models were evaluated. In addition to a number of material laws chosen and adjusted for this report, some new constitutive relations were developed based on the collected data. The criteria for the choice of the existing relations as well as the development of the new constitutive relations involved their simplicity and operationality (code-type mathematical formulations). Furthermore, they had to be physically sound and if possible describe the behavior of both high-performance and normal strength concretes by a unique relation. Finally, compliance with the specifications given in the CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 was examined.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Size: 6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2007 | Pages: 151 | ISBN: 9782883940802
fib Bulletin 40 deals mainly with the use of FRP bars as internal reinforcement for concrete structures. The background of the main physical and mechanical properties of FRP reinforcing bars is presented, with special emphasis on durability aspects. For each of the typical ultimate and serviceability limit states, the basic mechanical model is given, followed by different design models according to existing codes or design guidelines.
Composite FRP materials are still relatively new in construction and most engineers are unfamiliar with their properties and characteristics. The second chapter of this bulletin therefore aims to provide practising engineers with the necessary background knowledge in this field, and also presents typical products currently available in the international market.
The third chapter deals with the issue of durability and identifies the parameters that can lead to deterioration, which is necessary information when addressing design issues. A series of parameters is used to identify the allowable stress in the FRP after exposure for a specified period of time in a specific environment.
The bulletin covers the issues of Ultimate Limit States (primarily dealing with flexural design), Serviceability Limit States (dealing with deflections and cracking), Shear and Punching Shear and Bond and Tension Stiffening. It provides not only the state-of-the-art but also in many cases ideas for the next generation of design guidelines.
The final chapter deals with the fundamental issue of design philosophy. The use of these new materials as concrete reinforcement has forced researchers to re-think many of the fundamental principles used until now in RC design. The bulletin ends with a discussion of a possible new framework for developing partial safety factors to ensure specific safety levels that will be flexible enough to cope with new materials.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
FIB 38: Fire design of concrete structures - materials, structures and modelling
Size: 16 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2007 | Pages: 105 | ISBN: 9782883940789
Fire design of concrete structures has emerged in recent years as a high profile subject of great interest to both experts and the public. This has been largely prompted by severe damage to concrete in a number of recent tunnel fires, as well as a considerable amount of research and development that has taken place world-wide. fib Task Group 4.3, "Fire Design of Concrete Structures", therefore took the initiative to develop this bulletin in order to present the results of this international research to a wider group of concrete professionals.
This report is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the effect of fire on concrete and concrete structures, nor to present a database of properties at high temperature. Instead, the main aims of this document are to present recent trends and developments, highlight key influencing factors, bring together the disparate but related issues in one short document, highlight the deficiencies in current practice and point to the future. The basic principles of performance based codes and fire engineering are also presented on the assumption that the reader is not a specialist in this field.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Size: 2 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2006 | Pages: 41 | ISBN: 9782883940772
In 1986, the FIP Commission on Prefabrication issued the state-of-art report "Concrete Railway Sleepers", which included design considerations, manufacturing methods, rail fastening systems and field performance. During the two decades since that report, precast concrete has gained importance in the field of railway track systems for plain track, switches and crossings, tunnels and other applications. Developments in production methods for concrete sleepers in switch and crossing layouts to cope with the complex geometry and the industry's confidence in their performance have contributed to the huge increase in the use of this type of sleeper. The use of slab track for high-speed track has also grown, particularly where either new track is built or where existing track is renewed and long periods of track possession are possible.
There has also been progress in the development of plant and equipment for the installation, renewal and maintenance of concrete sleepered track. With machines now able to replace existing track at a rate of 5000 sleepers (over 3 km track) per day, choosing concrete sleepers can reduce the time on site, meaning tracks can be reopened quickly whilst reducing labour requirements and costs.
Today, precast concrete is considered to be the best performing and preferred material for railway sleepers, due to the following factors:
long-term durability;
improved geometric retention of track and greater weight vital for high-speed and heavy freight lines;
improved elasticity of track;
improved ride quality;
low first cost;
minimum life cycle cost;
low cost of maintenance;
environmental friendliness - no chemical treatment required and can be recycled.
As all aspects of precast concrete railway track systems, from design through manufacture to installation and maintenance, have progressed since the publication of the FIP report, an update was considered timely, in order to provide a synthesis of currently available information. This new edition covers quality, design, production, durability, maintenance and environmental considerations, and includes survey on the use of precast concrete track systems in over 30 countries.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
FIB 36: 2006 fib Awards for Outstanding Concrete Structures
Size: 9 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2006 | Pages: 37 | ISBN: 9782883940765
fib Bulletin 36 presents the structures that were selected as winners, special mentions and nominees in the 2006 edition of the fib Awards for Outstanding Concrete Structures competition. The awards are attributed in two categories, "Buildings" and "Civil Engineering Structures", and give international recognition to structures that demonstrate the versatility of concrete as a structural medium.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Tsunamis are primarily caused by earthquakes. Under favourable geological conditions, when a large earthquake occurs below the sea bed and the resultant rupture causes a vertical displacement of the ocean bed, the entire column of water above it is displaced, causing a tsunami. In the ocean, tsunamis do not reach great heights but can travel at velocities of up to 1000 km/hour. As a tsunami reaches shallow sea depths, there is a decrease in its velocity and an increase in its height. Tsunamis are known to have reached heights of several tens of meters and inundate several kilometers inland from the shore. Tsunamis can also be caused by displacement of substantial amounts of water by landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacier calving and rarely by meteorite impacts and nuclear tests in the ocean.
In this SpringerBrief, the causes of tsunamis, their intensity and magnitude scales, global distribution and a list of major tsunamis are provided. The three great tsunamis of 1755, 2004 and 2011 are presented in detail. The 1755 tsunami caused by the Lisbon earthquake, now estimated to range from Mw 8.5 to 9.0, was the most damaging tsunami ever in the Atlantic ocean. It claimed an estimated 100,000 human lives and caused wide-spread damage. The 2004 Sumatra Andaman Mw 9.1 earthquake and the resultant tsunami were the deadliest ever to hit the globe, claiming over 230,000 human lives and causing wide-spread financial losses in several south and south-east Asian countries. The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the resultant tsunami were a surprise to the seismologists in Japan and around the globe. The height of the tsunami far exceeded the estimated heights. It claimed about 20,000 human lives. The tsunami also caused nuclear accidents. This earthquake has given rise to a global debate on how to estimate the maximum size of an earthquake in a given region and the safety of nuclear power plants in coastal regions. This Brief also includes a description of key components of tsunami warning centers, progress in deploying tsunami watch and warning facilities globally, tsunami advisories and their communication, and the way forward.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Analysis and modelling of the seismic behaviour of high ductility steel-concrete composite structures
Author: Fabio Ferrario | Size: 20.1 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Strutturale Facoltà di Ingegneria | Year: 2004 | pages: 263
In this thesis theoretical, experimental and numerical aspects and applications concerning the seismic behaviour of high ductility steel-concrete composite structure are analysed. The interest has been focused on the capability of framed structures to dissipate seismic energy by means of inelastic deformations. The basic design parameter in this approach is the ductility that should be considered as a conceptual framework in the Performance-Base Seismic Engineering (PBSE). PBSE has been developed encompassing the full range of seismic engineering issues to be referred to design of structures for predictable and controlled seismic performance within establishe evels of risk. The attention has been focalised on different solutions of steel and steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints assuring the necessary ductility that can be obtained not only through careful study of building morphology, structural schemes and construction details, but also through the rational use of materials. Three specific and related topics have been analyzed and detailed analyses and experimental tests on substructures have been performed in order to ensure large inelastic deformations and the necessary energy dissipation under earthquake strong motion. The results aiming at qualifying the dissipative and rotational capacities of a particular typology of beam-to-column joints are then illustrated and discussed. The objective of this study is to provide designers with precise rules regarding constructional solutions suitable to each scheme and to the associated
design methodologies necessary for evaluating their performances.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
Seismic Intensity Estimation of Tall Buildings in Earthquake Early Warning System
Author: M. H. Cheng & T. H. Heaton Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, USA R. W. Graves U.S. Geological Survey, USA | Size: 688 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Year: 2012 | pages: 10
In California, United States, an earthquake early warning system is currently being tested through the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN) (http://www.cisn.org/eew/CISN_page.html). The system aims to provide warnings in seconds to tens of seconds prior to the occurrence of ground shaking; since the system broadcasts the location and time of the earthquake, user software can estimate the arrival time and intensity of the expected S-wave. However, the shaking experienced by a user in a tall building will be significantly different from that on the ground and this shaking can change significantly from one building to another and also from one floor to another. This paper shows a robust and fast method to predict the characteristics of shaking that can be expected in tall buildings.
Code:
***************************************
Content of this section is hidden, You must be registered and activate your account to see this content. See this link to read how you can remove this limitation:
![[Image: 18139245335761983139.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/18139245335761983139.jpg)
![[Image: info.png]](http://postgen.civilea.com/icon/info.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: download.png]](http://postgen.civilea.com/icon/download.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: mirror.png]](http://postgen.civilea.com/icon/mirror.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: password.png]](http://postgen.civilea.com/icon/password.png){kind=icon}
![[Image: 66592323388392842954.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/66592323388392842954.jpg)
![[Image: 15721112941190886172.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/15721112941190886172.jpg)
![[Image: 38730914728575169633.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/38730914728575169633.jpg)
![[Image: 14310524581699180757.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/14310524581699180757.jpg)
![[Image: 12626059151127292241.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/12626059151127292241.jpg)
![[Image: 54807733868507138680.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/54807733868507138680.jpg)
![[Image: 03034408282339877204.jpg]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/03034408282339877204.jpg)
![[Image: 32334837793092578194.png]](https://pic.civilea.com/images/32334837793092578194.png)