SEISMIC RETROFIT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES: STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW
Author: Zahra Riahi and Farzad Faridafshin | Size: 183 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The 14 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China | Year: 2008 | pages: 12
This state-of-the-art manuscript addresses seismic retrofit of deficient reinforced concrete (RC) bridges whose
vulnerability has been demonstrated repeatedly in previous seismic events. A class of high performance
materials, Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites (FRP), with versatile applications in repair and rehabilitation
has been used for this purpose.
Mechanical and durability properties of externally bonded FRP's, their merits over conventional materials and
retrofit techniques, general seismic flaws and failure modes, and the effects of FRP wraps on the seismic
performance of lateral load resisting components of RC bridges are investigated, and practical solutions which
help improve the efficacy of FRP's are proposed.
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Dynamic Failure of Composite and Sandwich Structures
Author: Serge Abrate, Bruno Castanié and Yapa D. S. Rajapakse | Size: 24 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Springer | Year: 2013 | pages: 710 | ISBN: 9789400753280, 9789400753297, 9400753284
This book presents a broad view of the current state of the art regarding the dynamic response of composite and sandwich structures subjected to impacts and explosions. Each chapter combines a thorough assessment of the literature with original contributions made by the authors.
The first section deals with fluid-structure interactions in marine structures. The first chapter focuses on hull slamming and particularly cases in which the deformation of the structure affects the motion of the fluid during the water entry of flexible hulls. Chapter 2 presents an extensive series of tests underwater and in the air to determine the effects of explosions on composite and sandwich structures. Full-scale structures were subjected to significant explosive charges, and such results are extremely rare in the open literature. Chapter 3 describes a simple geometrical theory of diffraction for describing the interaction of an underwater blast wave with submerged structures.
The second section addresses the problem of impact on laminated composite structures with chapters devoted to ballistic impacts on pre-stressed composite structures, tests developed to simulate dynamic failure in marine structures, damage mechanisms and energy absorption in low velocity impacts, perforation, the numerical simulation of intra and inter-ply damage during impact, and hail impact on laminated composites.
Sandwich structures with laminated facings are considered in Section 3 with chapters dealing with the discrete modeling of honeycomb core during the indentation of sandwich structures, the behavior of fold core sandwich structures during impact, and impact on helicopter blades. The fourth section consists of two chapters presenting experimental results and numerical simulation of composite structures subjected to crash.
This volume is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and engineers interested and involved in analysis and design of composite structures.
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The special focus of this proceeding is to cover the areas of infrastructure engineering and sustainability management. The state-of-the art information in infrastructure and sustainable issues in engineering covers earthquake, bioremediation, synergistic management, timber engineering, flood management and intelligent transport systems. It provides precise information with regards to innovative research development in construction materials and structures in addition to a compilation of interdisciplinary finding combining nano-materials and engineering.
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FIB 54: Structural Concrete Textbook on behaviour, design and performance, Second edition Volume 4: Design of concrete buildings for fire resistance, design of members, practical aspects
Size: 52 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2010 | Pages: 203 | ISBN: 9782883940949
The second edition of the Structural Concrete Textbook is an extensive revision that reflects advances in knowledge and technology over the past decade. It was prepared in the intermediate period from the CEP-FIP Model Code 1990 (MC90) to fib Model Code 2010 (MC2010), and as such incorporates a significant amount of information that has been already finalized for MC2010, while keeping some material from MC90 that was not yet modified considerably.
The objective of the Textbook is to give detailed information on a wide range of concrete engineering from selection of appropriate structural system and also materials, through design and execution and finally behavior in use.
The revised fib Structural Concrete Textbook covers the following main topics:
phases of design process, conceptual design, short and long term properties of conventional concrete (including creep, shrinkage, fatigue and temperature influences), special types of concretes (such as self compacting concrete, architectural concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, high and ultra high performance concrete), properties of reinforcing and prestressing materials, bond, tension stiffening, moment-curvature, confining effect, dowel action, aggregate interlock;
structural analysis (with or without time dependent effects), definition of limit states, control of cracking and deformations, design for moment, shear or torsion, buckling, fatigue, anchorages, splices, detailing;
design for durability (including service life design aspects, deterioration mechanisms, modelling of deterioration mechanisms, environmental influences, influences of design and execution on durability);
fire design (including changes in material and structural properties, spalling, degree of deterioration), member design (linear members and slabs with reinforcement layout, deep beams); management, assessment, maintenance, repair (including, conservation strategies, risk management, types of interventions) as well as aspects of execution (quality assurance), formwork and curing.
The updated Textbook provides the basics of material and structural behavior and the fundamental knowledge needed for the design, assessment or retrofitting of concrete structures. It will be essential reading material for graduate students in the field of structural concrete, and also assist designers and consultants in understanding the background to the rules they apply in their practice. Furthermore, it should prove particularly valuable to users of the new editions of Eurocode 2 for concrete buildings, bridges and container structures, which are based only partly on MC90 and partly on more recent knowledge which was not included in the 1999 edition of the Textbook.
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FIB 53: Structural Concrete Textbook on behaviour, design and performance, Second edition Volume 3: Design of durable concrete structures
Size: 65 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2009 | Pages: 392 | ISBN: 9782883940932
The second edition of the Structural Concrete Textbook is an extensive revision that reflects advances in knowledge and technology over the past decade. It was prepared in the intermediate period from the CEP-FIP Model Code 1990 (MC90) to fib Model Code 2010 (MC2010), and as such incorporates a significant amount of information that has been already finalized for MC2010, while keeping some material from MC90 that was not yet modified considerably.
The objective of the Textbook is to give detailed information on a wide range of concrete engineering from selection of appropriate structural system and also materials, through design and execution and finally behavior in use.
The revised fib Structural Concrete Textbook covers the following main topics:
phases of design process, conceptual design, short and long term properties of conventional concrete (including creep, shrinkage, fatigue and temperature influences), special types of concretes (such as self compacting concrete, architectural concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, high and ultra high performance concrete), properties of reinforcing and prestressing materials, bond, tension stiffening, moment-curvature, confining effect, dowel action, aggregate interlock;
structural analysis (with or without time dependent effects), definition of limit states, control of cracking and deformations, design for moment, shear or torsion, buckling, fatigue, anchorages, splices, detailing;
design for durability (including service life design aspects, deterioration mechanisms, modelling of deterioration mechanisms, environmental influences, influences of design and execution on durability);
fire design (including changes in material and structural properties, spalling, degree of deterioration), member design (linear members and slabs with reinforcement layout, deep beams); management, assessment, maintenance, repair (including, conservation strategies, risk management, types of interventions) as well as aspects of execution (quality assurance), formwork and curing.
The updated Textbook provides the basics of material and structural behavior and the fundamental knowledge needed for the design, assessment or retrofitting of concrete structures. It will be essential reading material for graduate students in the field of structural concrete, and also assist designers and consultants in understanding the background to the rules they apply in their practice. Furthermore, it should prove particularly valuable to users of the new editions of Eurocode 2 for concrete buildings, bridges and container structures, which are based only partly on MC90 and partly on more recent knowledge which was not included in the 1999 edition of the Textbook.
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FIB 50: Concrete structures for oil and gas fields in hostile marine environments
Size: 23 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2009 | Pages: 37 | ISBN: 9782883940901
Concrete offshore structures have been successfully delivered to the international oil and gas industry for more than 35 years. Some 50 major concrete platforms of different shapes and sizes, supporting large production and storage facilities, are currently operating in hostile marine environments worldwide and have excellent service records.
After some years with little development activity, today there is a renewed interest in robust structures for the Arctic environment, for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminals and for special floating barges and vessels. Currently, concrete solutions are being considered for projects north and east of Russia, north of Norway and offshore Newfoundland, among others.
Concrete is also in increasing demand in built up coastal areas for a variety of purposes such as harbour works, tunnels and bridges, cargo terminals, parking garages and sea front housing developments where durability and robustness are essential.
The mandate of fib Task Group 1.5 was to gather the experience and know-how pertinent to the development, design and execution of offshore concrete structures, and to elaborate on the applicability of concrete structures for the Arctic environments. The findings of the Task Group are presented in fib Bulletin 50.
The report is based on experience gained from the design, execution and performance of a number of offshore concrete structures around the world and in particular in the North Sea. Ongoing inspections have shown excellent durability and structural performance, even in structures that have exceeded their design lives, in conditions often characterized by extreme wave loads, freezing conditions, hurricane force winds and seismic actions. This forms the "background" for discussing the applicability of concrete structures for the Arctic regions.
Although to a large extent dedicated to oil- and gas- related structures, the report is also relevant to other marine applications where the same design principles, material selection criteria and construction methods apply.
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FIB 49: Corrosion protection of reinforcing steels
Size: 17 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2009 | Pages: 126 | ISBN: 9782883940895
It has long been recognised that corrosion of steel is extremely costly and affects many industry sectors, including concrete construction. The cost of corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is estimated at many billions of dollars worldwide.
The corrosion of steel reinforcement represents a deterioration of the steel which in turn detrimentally affects its performance and therefore that of the concrete element within which it has been cast. A great amount of work has been undertaken over the years concerning the prevention of corrosion of steel, including the application of coatings, which has included the study of the process of corrosion itself, the properties of reinforcing steels and their resistance to corrosion as well as the design of structures and the construction process.
The objective of fib Bulletin 49 is to provide readers with an appreciation of the principles of corrosion of reinforcing steel embedded in concrete and to describe the behavior of particular steels and their coatings as used to combat the effects of such corrosion. These include galvanised reinforcement, epoxy coated reinforcement, and stainless reinforcing steel. It also provides information on the relative costs of the materials and products which it covers.
It does not deal with structure design or the process of construction or with the post-construction phase of structure management including repair. It is hoped that it will nevertheless increase the understanding of readers in the process of corrosion of reinforcing steels and the ability of key materials and processes to reduce its harmful effects.
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FIB 45: Practitioners' guide to finite element modelling of reinforced concrete structures
Size: 42 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: By: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2008 | Pages: 347 | ISBN: 9782883940857
Non-linear computer analysis methods have seen remarkable advancement in the last half-century. The state-of-the-art in non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete has progressed to the point where such procedures are close to being practical, every-day tools for design office engineers. Non-linear computer analysis procedures can be used to provide reliable assessments of the strength and integrity of damaged or deteriorated structures, or of structures built to previous codes, standards or practices deemed to be deficient today. They can serve as valuable tools in assessing the expected behaviour from retrofitted structures, or in investigating and rationally selecting amongst various repair alternatives.
fib Bulletin 45 provides an overview of current concepts and techniques relating to computer-based finite element modelling of structural concrete. It summarises the basic knowledge required for use of nonlinear analysis methods as applied to practical design, construction and maintenance of concrete structures, and attempts to provide a diverse and balanced portrayal of the current technical knowledge, recognizing that there are often competing and conflicting viewpoints.
This report does not give advice on picking one model over another but, rather, provides guidance to designers on how to use existing and future models as tools in design practice, in benchmarking of their models against established and reliable test data and in selecting an appropriate safety factor as well as recognising various pitfalls.
fib Bulletin 45 is intended for practicing engineers, and therefore focuses more on practical application and less on the subtleties of constitutive modelling.
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FIB 42: Constitutive modelling of high strength/high performance concrete
Size: 3 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2008 | Pages: 134 | ISBN: 9782883940826
High Strength/High Performance Concrete (HSC/HPC) continues to be the object of particular interest and extensive research, and its use in construction is increasing continuously. fib Bulletin 42 summarises the available information on the material behavior of HSC/HPC, and develops a set of code-type constitutive relations as an extension of CEB-FIP Model Code 1990.
Literature on experimental data and international guidelines, standards and recommendations were reviewed, and already-existing constitutive relations and models were evaluated. In addition to a number of material laws chosen and adjusted for this report, some new constitutive relations were developed based on the collected data. The criteria for the choice of the existing relations as well as the development of the new constitutive relations involved their simplicity and operationality (code-type mathematical formulations). Furthermore, they had to be physically sound and if possible describe the behavior of both high-performance and normal strength concretes by a unique relation. Finally, compliance with the specifications given in the CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 was examined.
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Size: 6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: FIB - The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fédération internationale du béton) | Year: 2007 | Pages: 151 | ISBN: 9782883940802
fib Bulletin 40 deals mainly with the use of FRP bars as internal reinforcement for concrete structures. The background of the main physical and mechanical properties of FRP reinforcing bars is presented, with special emphasis on durability aspects. For each of the typical ultimate and serviceability limit states, the basic mechanical model is given, followed by different design models according to existing codes or design guidelines.
Composite FRP materials are still relatively new in construction and most engineers are unfamiliar with their properties and characteristics. The second chapter of this bulletin therefore aims to provide practising engineers with the necessary background knowledge in this field, and also presents typical products currently available in the international market.
The third chapter deals with the issue of durability and identifies the parameters that can lead to deterioration, which is necessary information when addressing design issues. A series of parameters is used to identify the allowable stress in the FRP after exposure for a specified period of time in a specific environment.
The bulletin covers the issues of Ultimate Limit States (primarily dealing with flexural design), Serviceability Limit States (dealing with deflections and cracking), Shear and Punching Shear and Bond and Tension Stiffening. It provides not only the state-of-the-art but also in many cases ideas for the next generation of design guidelines.
The final chapter deals with the fundamental issue of design philosophy. The use of these new materials as concrete reinforcement has forced researchers to re-think many of the fundamental principles used until now in RC design. The bulletin ends with a discussion of a possible new framework for developing partial safety factors to ensure specific safety levels that will be flexible enough to cope with new materials.
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