‘Many people are asking whether Britain took the wrong road to housing
lower-income families. This well documented history of what a number of
other European countries did enables this question to be answered.’
Brian Abel-Smith, Professor of Social Administration, London School of Economics.
Hovels to high rise traces how governments became involved in replacing
industrial revolution urban slums with mass high-rise, high-density concrete
estates; how huge inflows of rural and foreign migrants ended up
reoccupying slums, then being housed in the poorest estates; how
governments set up rescue programmes to reverse spiralling conditions on
the worst estates; and how state-sponsored housing made a significant
comeback in all countries at the outset of the 1990s.
Using detailed research on five countries—France, Germany, Britain,
Denmark and Ireland—and carried out with close reference to the central
housing bodies in each area, Anne Power highlights the convergence in
housing experience between the countries and the lessons that can be
learnt. By describing the historical foundations of the developments in
housing structure, covering the different traditions of inner-city
development, tenant-oriented housing, co-operatives, mass-rented building,
rural and suburban owner-occupation, private landlords, and large local
authority projects, she provides a comprehensive study of housing systems
in each country showing that despite the differing backgrounds the
problems are often the same. She looks at the attempts governments have
made to fund state housing initiatives that try to avoid the development of
ghettos found so often in America. As the similarities and differences
throughout Europe are explored and the changing structure of social
housing is charted, the author is able to draw a picture of European-wide
political commitment to urban integration, while warning that there is still a
trend towards polarization that will affect the multi-lingual, multi-ethnic
urban societies of the future.
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Author(s)/Editor(s): Michael J. Short | Size: 4 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: Routledge | Year: 2012 | pages: 240 | ISBN: 0415581079, 9780415581073
In a time of recession, the challenge of building and planning for tall buildings has become even more complex; the economics of development, legislative and planning frameworks, and the local politics of development must be navigated by those wishing to design and construct new tall buildings which fit within the fabric of their host cities.
This book is a timely contribution to the debate about new tall buildings and their role and effect on our cities. It is divided into two main parts. In part one, the relationship between tall buildings and planning is outlined, followed by an exploration of the impacts that construction of tall buildings can have. It focuses, in particular, on the conservation debates that proposals for new tall buildings raise. The first part ends with an analysis of the way in which planning strategies have evolved to deal with the unique consequences of tall buildings on their urban locations. The second part of the book focuses on seven examples of medium-sized cities dealing with planning and conservation issues, and implications that arise from tall buildings. These have been chosen to reflect a wide range of methods to either encourage or to control tall buildings that cities are deploying. The case studies come from across the western world, covering England (Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle and Birmingham), Norway (Oslo), Ireland (Dublin) and Canada (Vancouver) and represent a broad spectrum of approaches to dealing with this issue.
In drawing together the experiences of these varied cities, the book contributes to the ongoing debate about the role of the tall building in our cities, their potential impacts, and experiences of those who use and inhabit them. The conclusions outline how cities should approach the strategic planning of tall buildings, as well as how they should deal with the consequences of individual buildings, particularly on the built heritage.
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CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences 552
Courses and Lectures
CONTENTS
Testing With Bars From Dynamic to Quasi-static
by G. Gary ......................................................................... 1
Dynamic testing of materials: Selected topics
by D. Rittel ....................................................................... 59
Dynamic Behavior of Materials. Constitutive Relations and Applications
by A. Rusinek, T. Jankowiak ................................................ 87
Analysis of high-speed impact problems in the aircraft industry
by A. Arias, J. Loya, J. López-Puente, D. Varas, R. Zaera ....... 137
Computer estimation of plastic strain localization and failure for large strain rates using viscoplasticity
by T. Łodygowski, W. Sumelka............................................ 209
Inelastic flow and failure of metallic solids. Material effort:study across scales
by R.B. Pęcherski, K.Nalepka, T. Frąś, M. Nowak ................... 245
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This book discusses design aspects of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) members, including the behavior of the SFRC and its modeling. It also examines the effect of various parameters governing the response of SFRC members in detail. Unlike other publications available in the form of guidelines, which mainly describe design methods based on experimental results, it describes the basic concepts and principles of designing structural members using SFRC as a structural material, predominantly subjected to flexure and shear. Although applications to special structures, such as bridges, retaining walls, tanks and silos are not specifically covered, the fundamental design concepts remain the same and can easily be extended to these elements. It introduces the principles and related theories for predicting the role of steel fibers in reinforcing concrete members concisely and logically, and presents various material models to predict the response of SFRC members in detail. These are then gradually extended to develop an analytical flexural model for the analysis and design of SFRC members.
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Elastic Modulus, Poisson's Ratio, and Compressive Strength Relationships at Early Ages
Author(s): Francis A. Oluokun, Edwin G. Burdette, and J. Harold Deatherage
Published By:ACI Materials Journal
Published Year:1991
Abstract: Presents the results of an experimental investigation into the relative relationships between the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and the cylinder compressive strength of concrete, especially at early ages. The applicability to concrete at early ages of some of the existing relations between these properties was also researched. Tests were performed on four different concrete mixes using conventional 6 x 12 in. concrete cylinder test specimens. Test results were obtained for ages ranging from 6 hr to 28 days. Analyses of test results show that the compressive strength and the elastic modulus are related, and an increase in one is generally similarly reflected in an increase in the other. The commonly accepted relationship that the elastic modulus of concrete is proportional to the 0.5 power of the cylinder compressive strength was found to be accurate for the elastic modulus at ages 12 hr and above for all concrete mixes investigated. Poisson's ratio was found to be insensitive to both the age and the richness of the concrete mix and did not change appreciably with compressive strength development.
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The many large earthquakes of the last decade, including the series in Christchurch in 2010-2011 and the Tohoku earthquake in Japan, have focused even greater attention on the cyclic behaviour of soils during these events. Great advances have recently been made on all aspects of soil dynamics, from the prediction of liquefaction based on site investigation to the impact of shaking on geotechnical systems.
The Géotechnique Symposium in Print took place at the Institution of Civil Engineers on 15 June 2015 and provided a forum to discuss the latest advances in the area of geotechnical earthquake engineering. These proceedings bring together the international research presented at the symposium and a number of related papers which were published in earlier issues of Géotechnique. The papers selected for the symposium covered a wide range of topics, including:
· dynamic response of geotechnical systems;
· prediction of liquefaction and evaluation of its impacts; and
· seismic stability of slopes.
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering provides researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive introduction to the recent advances in this area from an international perspective.
Contents
Preface
Session 1:
Field behaviour of soils during earthquakes
Assessment of CPT-based methods for liquefaction evaluation in a Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) framework
R. A. Green, Virginia Tech, USA
Correlation between liquefaction resistance and shear wave velocity of granular soils: A micromechanical perspective
X. Xu, Zhejiang University, China
An interpretation of the seismic behaviour of reinforced-earth retaining structures
L. Callisto, University of Rome, Italy
Cyclic and dynamic behaviour of a soft pyroclastic rock
L. Verrucci, University of Rome, Italy
Empirical predictive relationship for seismic lateral displacement of slopes: models for stable continental and active crustal regions
J. Lee, Arup, USA
Session 2: Model testing of geotechnical systems during earthquakes
Dynamic response of flexible square tunnels: centrifuge testing and validation of existing design methodologies
G. Tsinidis, Aristotle University, Greece
Influence of initial stress distribution on liquefaction induced settlement of shallow foundations
A. Brennan, University of Dundee, UK
Seismic structure-soil-structure interaction between pairs of adjacent building structures
J. Knappett, University of Dundee, UK
A new macro-element model encapsulating the dynamic moment-rotation behaviour of raft foundations
C. Heron, University of Nottingham, UK
Importance of seismic site response and soil-structure interaction in the dynamic behaviour of a tall building founded on piles
E. Bilotta, Silvestri University, Naples, Italy
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Corrosion of reinforcing steel is now recognized as the major cause of degradation of concrete structures in many parts of the world. Despite this, infrastructure expenditure is being unreasonably decreased by sequestration and the incredible shrinking discretionary budget. All components of our infrastructure including highways, airports, water supply, waste treatment, energy supply, and power generation require significant investment and are subjected to degradation by corrosion, which significantly reduces the service life, reliability, functionality of structures and equipment, and safety. Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures provides a comprehensive review of the subject, in addition to recent advances in research and technological developments, from reinforcing materials to measurement techniques and modelling.
This book contains not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Part One of the book tackles theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures. The second part moves on to analyse the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel. Part Three covers measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission. Part Four reviews protection and maintenance methods, whilst the final section analyses modelling, latest developments and future trends in the field.
The book is essential reading for researchers, practitioners and engineers who are involved in materials characterisation and corrosion of steel in concrete structures.
* Provides comprehensive coverage on a broad range of topics related to the corrosion of steel bars in concrete
* Discusses the latest measuring methods and advanced modeling techniques
* Reviews the range of reinforcing materials and types of concrete
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Theory of Elasticity and Stress Concentration comprehensively covers elasticity and stress concentration and demonstrates how to apply the theory to practical engineering problems. It presents a new approach to the topic without the need for complicated mathematics and the principles and meaning of stress concentration are covered without reliance on numerical analysis. Examples are included throughout and end of chapter problems and solutions are also provided.
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