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Dynamic Machine foundation design. Please do check before using this sheet and make improvement to it. I am working on adding more cases to it and as soon as it is completed i will upload the new version.
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While there are several factors that contribute to global warming, such as natural changes in the Earth's inclination and revolution around the sun, by far the biggest factor is the emission of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor, and nitrous oxide are added at alarming rates to the atmosphere by daily human activity. Every person on Earth has a 'carbon footprint' - a measure of greenhouse gas contributed to the atmosphere on a daily basis. Some people's footprints are much higher than others; for instance, those that live in developed countries such as the United States (the largest greenhouse gas emitter), emit much greater amounts than those living in undeveloped countries of the world. Various activities, such as agricultural and deforestation practices, also emit greenhouse gases. "Greenhouse Gases" explores the very important role these gases play and their global impact on populations and ecosystems worldwide. The goal of this book is to provide readers with an understanding of the various sources of these gases, their interaction with the atmosphere, their effect on natural systems, and why controlling them is critical to the Earth's future climate. Other issues discussed in this new, full-color book include the role of the ozone and a newly discovered concept called "global dimming" and how it relates to global warming. The chapters include: The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming; Carbon Sequestration; Agriculture and Greenhouse Gases; Deforestation and Greenhouse Gases; Anthropogenic Causes and Effects; The Fate of Natural Refuges; Global Warming Around the World; and, Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change.
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Global Warming Cycles: Ice Ages and Glacial Retreat
Global Warming Cycles: Ice Ages and Glacial Retreat
Julie Kerr Casper,
Facts on File | 2009 | ISBN: 0816072620 | 212 pages | PDF | 11,2 MB
Earth has always exhibited patterns of heating up and cooling down. At some points in time, many areas of Earth were shrouded in blankets of ice, with ice caps and glaciers dominating the landscape. Certain areas on Earth have been covered with prominent glaciers multiple times in the past for millions of years. Since the last ice age, which ended just over 10,000 years ago, the Earth's climate has been relatively stable, with just a few fluctuations; at least until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s, when the climate began to increase in temperature. "Global Warming Cycles" focuses on the mechanisms that caused past climate changes, putting the Earth repeatedly into and out of ice ages. It compares natural cycles with today's rapid global warming, caused principally by the behavior of humans. This timely new volume presents the many physical factors that shape the Earth's climate, examining the ones that are out of our control as well as the ones that humans have a direct impact on. It also looks at how scientists use landform clues from the past to assess global warming and how they apply that knowledge to the future to help prepare current and future society for what is to come. Chapters of this title include: Ice Ages; Glacial Retreat and Meltdown; The Cryosphere and Isostasy; Ocean Currents and Climate; Rising Sea Levels; Abrupt Climate Change; Tropical Cyclones and Other Severe Weather; Climate Research - What the Experts Say; and, Conclusions and a Glance Into the Future.
Chapters include:
Ice Ages
Glacial Retreat and Meltdown
The Cryosphere and Isostasy
Ocean Currents and Climate
Rising Sea Levels
Abrupt Climate Change
Tropical Cyclones and Other Severe Weather
Climate Research—What the Experts Say
Conclusions and a Glance Into the Future.
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Fossil Fuels and Pollution: The Future of Air Quality
Fossil Fuels and Pollution: The Future of Air Quality
Julie Kerr Casper,
Facts on File | 2010 | ISBN: 0816072655 | 336 pages | PDF | 7,8 MB
Clean air is essential to life and good health. Several important pollutants are produced by fossil fuel combustion and emitted directly into the atmosphere, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons. In addition, total suspended particulates contribute to air pollution, and nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons combine in the atmosphere to form tropospheric ozone, the major constituent of smog. With an examination of fossil fuels as energy sources and the world population's reliance on them, "Fossil Fuels and Pollution" outlines the connection of fossil fuels to global warming. This new full-color book explores the properties of greenhouse gases, the nature and causes of the emissions, who the largest contributors are, and the important health issues and considerations associated with them. The concepts of energy efficiency and fuel economy are also examined as well as agricultural greenhouse gases and pollution. "Fossil Fuels and Pollution" ends with a close look at fuel technology and the "green technology" that has been put into place for tomorrow's cars. The chapters include: Energy, Fossil Fuels, and Global Warming; Greenhouse Gases, Health, and the Environment; Evolution Since the Industrial Revolution; Global Warming and Pollution: Buildings and Homes; Global Warming and Pollution: Green Transportation; Global Warming and Pollution: Cities and Industry; Global Warming: Agriculture and the Impacts Today; Fuel Technology; Green Technology: Tomorrow's Cars Today; and, Conclusions: The Future of Air Quality.
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Changing Ecosystems: Effects of Global Warming
Julie Kerr Casper,
Facts on File | 2009 | ISBN: 0816072639 | 254 pages | PDF | 13,4 MB
Global warming has increased dramatically during the last century at an unnatural rate, which makes specialists believe that humans contribute to the real cause of global warming today. Many activities humans are involved in - from burning fossil fuels for energy to massive deforestation - are contributing to the atmospheric warming at an alarming rate. Experts believe that in the future human induced damage will cause severe problems in the distribution of species and their critical habitats, increase the occurrence of severe weather and droughts, contribute to rising sea levels, and trigger a host of health and quality-of-life impacts that will affect everyone on Earth. Unfortunately, no ecosystem will escape the impact of human-induced global warming. "Changing Ecosystems" looks at this serious issue and the far-reaching effects it is having right now, and will have in the future, on every ecosystem on Earth. It is crucial that readers understand the relevant issues now so they can prevent this problem before it is too late and many species and habitats are gone forever. By discussing the effects of global warming on ecosystems, this new volume enlightens students on the many ways they can become more eco-responsible now and in the future. Chapters of this title include: Signs and Effects of Global Warming; Ecosystems, Adaptation, and Extinction; Impacts to Forests; Impacts to Rangelands, Grasslands, and Prairies; Impacts on Polar Ecosystems; Impacts to Desert Ecosystems; Impacts to Mountain Ecosystems; Impacts to Marine Ecosystems; and, Conclusions - Where to Go from Here.
Chapters include:
Signs and Effects of Global Warming
Ecosystems, Adaptation, and Extinction
Impacts to Forests
Impacts to Rangelands, Grasslands, and Prairies
Impacts on Polar Ecosystems
Impacts to Desert Ecosystems
Impacts to Mountain Ecosystems
Impacts to Marine Ecosystems
Conclusions—Where to Go from Here.
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Gravitational Systems of Groundwater Flow: Theory, Evaluation, Utilization
Gravitational Systems of Groundwater Flow: Theory, Evaluation, Utilization
Jуzsef Tуth
Cambridge University Press | English | 2009-04-27 | ISBN: 0521886384 | 310 pages | PDF | 6,7 MB
This book recognizes groundwater flow as a fundamental geologic agent, and presents a wide-ranging and illustrated overview of its history, principles, scientific consequences and practical utilization. The author, one of the founding fathers of modern hydrogeology, highlights key interrelationships between seemingly disparate processes and systems by tracing them to a common root cause - gravity-driven groundwater flow. Numerous examples demonstrate practical applications in a diverse range of subjects, including land-use planning, environment protection, wetland ecology, agriculture, forestry, geotechnical engineering, nuclear-waste disposal, mineral and petroleum exploration, and geothermal heat flow. The book contains numerous user-friendly features for a multidisciplinary readership, including full explanations of the relevant mathematics, emphasis on the physical meaning of the equations, and an extensive glossary. It is a key reference for researchers, consultants and advanced students of hydrogeology and reservoir engineering.
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This text has been developed to assist designers, installers and
owners in the design, rehabilitation and installation of solid wall
PE pipe. Applications using profile wall PE pipe are addressed
briefly; applications using PEX pipe (for plumbing, heating, …) and
applications using corrugated PE pipe (for drainage, …) are covered in
multiple and separate PPI publications.
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