Safety and reliability are important for the whole expected service duration of an engineering structure. Therefore, prognostical solutions for different building types are needed and uncertainties have to be handled. Life-cycle strategies to control future structural degradations by concepts of appropriate design have to be developed, in case including means of inspection, maintenance, and repair. Aspects of costs and sustainability also matter.
The Cooperative Research Center for Lifetime-Oriented Design Concepts (SFB 398) at Ruhr University in Bochum combines the wide range of scientific topics between structural engineering, structural and soil mechanics and material sciences regarding structural lifetime management in this present extraordinary monolithic format.
The characterization and modeling of lifetime-related external actions of multiple origin are presented in this book as well as the physical description, the modeling and the validation of material degradation. Adaptive numerical methods and simulation techniques are provided for the lifetime-oriented design concepts to forecast material and structural degradation. Stochastic aspects, mathematical optimization methods and interactions between various influences are included. Thus, a solid basis is provided for future practical use and also for standardization of structural design with respect to lifetime-prediction.
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Nero Burning ROMLeading burning and copying technology for CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray DiscsWhen it comes to burning, accept nothing less than the industry’s best. Award-winning Nero Burning ROM burns and copies CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray Discs with superb content quality, and uses SecurDisc technology to ensure that burned content remains readable, regardless of scratches, age or deterioration.
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The Hydraulics of Open-Channel Flow: An Introduction (Basic principles, sediment motion, hydraulic modelling, design of hydraulic structures)
The Hydraulics of Open-Channel Flow: An Introduction
(Basic principles, sediment motion, hydraulic modelling, design of hydraulic structures)
by Hubert Chanson
Second Edition (Year: 2004)
Publisher: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinmann
Pages: 585 (PDF)
Language: English
ISBN 0 7506 5978 5
Book Info:
First published in August 1999, the textbook The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction has been designed for undergraduate students in civil, environmental and hydraulic engineering. The textbook is used in all six continents of our planet. It has been translated into Chinese (Hydrology Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Committee) and Spanish (McGraw Hill Interamericana).
The book is an introduction to the hydraulics of open channel flows. The material is designed for undergraduate students in civil, environmental and hydraulic engineering. It will be assumed that the students have had an introductory course in ?uid mechanics and that they are familiar with the basic principles of fluid mechanics: continuity, momentum, energy and Bernoulli principles. The book will ?rst develop the basic principles of fluid mechanics with applications to open channels. Open channel ?ow calculations are more complicated than pipe flow calculations because the location of the free-surface is often unknown a priori (i.e. beforehand). Later the students are introduced to the basic concepts of sediment transport and hydraulic modelling (physical and numerical models). At the end of the course, the design of hydraulic structures is introduced. The book is designed to bring a basic understanding of the hydraulics of rivers, waterways and man-made canals to the reader (e.g. Plates 1–32).
The lecture material is divided into four parts of increasing complexity:
Part 1. Introduction to the basic principles. Application of the fundamental ?uid mechanics principles to open channels. Emphasis on the application of the Bernoulli principle and momentum equation to open channel flows.
Part 2. Introduction to sediment transport in open channels. Basic definitions followed by simple applications. Occurrence of sediment motion in open channels. Calculations of sediment transport rate. Interactions between the sediment motion and the fluid motion.
Part 3. Modelling open channel flows. The two types of modellings are physical modelling and numerical modelling of open channel flows:
*Physical modelling: application of the basic principles of similitude and dimensional analysis to open channels.
*Numerical modelling: numerical integration of the energy equation; one-dimensional flow modelling.
Part 4. Introduction to the design of hydraulic structures for the storage and conveyance of water. Hydraulic design of dams, weirs and spillways. Design of drops and cascades. Hydraulic design of culverts: standard box culverts and minimum energy loss culvert.
Basic introduction to professional design of hydraulic structures. Application of the basic principles to real design situations. Analysis of complete systems. Applications, tutorials and exercises are grouped into four categories: applications within the main text to illustrate the basic lecture material, exercises for each chapter within each section,revision exercises using knowledge gained in several chapters within one section and major assignments (i.e. problems) involving expertise gained in several sections: e.g. typically Part I and one or two
other sections. In the lecture material, complete and detailed solutions of the applications
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Simulation of Synthetic Ground Motions for Specified Earthquake and Site Characteristics
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Advances in Environmental Fluid Mechanics
Dragutin T. Mihailovic,
World Scientific Publishing Company | 2010 | ISBN: 9814291994 | 380 pages | PDF | 16,5 MB
Environmental fluid mechanics (EFM) is the scientific study of transport, dispersion and transformation processes in natural fluid flows on our planet Earth, from the microscale to the planetary scale. This book brings together scientists and engineers working in research institutions, universities and academia, who engage in the study of theoretical, modeling, measuring and software aspects in environmental fluid mechanics. It provides a forum for the participants, and exchanges new ideas and expertise through the presentations of up-to-date and recent overall achievements in this field.
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Posted by: ksdoquang - 06-19-2010, 03:17 AM - Forum: Archive
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Groundwater Geochemistry (A Practical Guide to Modeling of Natural and Contaminated Aquatic Systems)
Groundwater Geochemistry (A Practical Guide to Modeling of Natural and Contaminated Aquatic Systems)
Broder J. Merkel (Author), Britta Planer-Friedrich (Author)
Darrell K. Nordstrom (Editor)
Edition: Second
Pages: 230 (PDF)
Publisher: Springer (2008)
ISBN: 9783540746676
e-ISBN: 9783540746683
Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex linear or non-linear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown parameters, is a routine task for a PC. Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic data, such as complex formation constants and solubility-products, are often provided as databases within the respective programs. However, the description of surface-controlled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data.
Hydrogeochemical models depend on the quality of the chemical analysis, the boundary conditions presumed by the program, theoretical concepts (e.g. calculation of activity coefficients) and the thermodynamic data. Therefore it is vital to check the results critically. For that, a basic knowledge about chemical and thermodynamic processes is required and will be outlined briefly in the following chapters on hydrogeochemical equilibrium (chapter 1.1), kinetics (chapter 1.2), and transport (chapter 1.3). Chapter 2 gives an overview on standard hydrogeochemical programs, problems and possible sources of error for modeling, and a detailed introduction to run the program PHREEQC, which is used in this book. With the help of examples, practical modeling applications are addressed and specialized theoretical knowledge is extended. Chapter 4 presents the results for the exercises of chapter 3.
This book does not aim to replace a textbook but rather attempts to be a practical guide for beginners at modeling.
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Design recommendations for multi-storey and underground car parks (2002) (3rd edition)
Publisher: Institution of Structural Engineers.
Ref. Number 343. A4, 86 pages, 80 illustrations. June 2002. ISBN 0 901297 23 2.
This report is intended for use by structural engineers who have an appreciation of the design process for buildings, and offers additional design guidance specific to car park design and construction. The scope primarily relates to multi-storey car parks above and below ground, for access and use by the public. The report has sought to retain those parts of the previous two editions published in 1975 and 1984 that were found to be of significant value and are still current, while updating other areas in the light of recent developments, design feedback and advice from operators, as well as to reflect current and likely future expectations of facilities in public car parks. Although the recommendations are intended for structural engineers, some sections will be relevant to other construction professionals and car park owners/operators. The form and order of the report has been established to relate to key areas of design considerations in increasing detail. The three main stages are:
Agreement of the design scope and the considerations necessary for general car park layout design and planning
Structural considerations and issues related to the development of the structural form, framing and use of space
Design details and specific measures that can be used to enhance durability
The report is not intended as a stand-alone document and complements and deliberately refers to current standards and codes of practice in the UK without repeating the details they contain. The guidance seeks to suggest good practice and clarify interpretation of commonly used reference standards. It also illustrates areas of special concern in car park design where these differ significantly from the normal practice set out in building and construction codes. The guidance principles are intended to be applicable worldwide. The report recognises that local, regional and national variations to design requirements exist and it recommends that these should be confirmed in developing the design basis. Use of these recommendations will assist with the creation of safe, durable and successful car park structures that provide long term good value and performance for both the developer and the public user alike.
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Groundwater (Resource Evaluation, Augmentation, Contamination, Restoration, Modeling and Management)
Groundwater
(Resource Evaluation, Augmentation, Contamination, Restoration, Modeling and Management)
Edited by: M. Thangarajan
Publishers: Springer (2007)
Pages: 362 (PDF)
ISBN 9781402057281 (HB)
ISBN 9781402057298 (e-book)
The demand for water resources is increasing day by day due to ever increasing population, mostly from developing countries. This has resulted in abstracting more water from the subsurface stratum and forcing the water managers to manage the limited groundwater resources in a more scientific way, which in turn needs a more sophisticated way of assessing the underground resource and manage it optimally. There is an urgent need to locate high yielding oreholes in the hard rock region by using geophysical methods. Electrical imaging technique in conjunction with remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) technique has proved to be a potential tool for the purpose.
Hydrodynamics of fractured aquifer system in hard rock region is not yet fully understood. The understanding of the groundwater pollution migration in porous and fractured aquifer system and the seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer has to be improved further. Various aspects of groundwater modeling and in particular issues related to model calibration, validation and prediction has to be understood in much better way. One should integrate all the above issues for effective understanding of the assessment and management of groundwater resources.
Groundwater management needs assessment, which in turn needs a model. A model needs a set of mathematical equations to describe the system. The equations have to be solved through a set of characteristic parameters, initial and boundary conditions of the aquifer system, which in turn have to be obtained through field investigations. Field investigations need a set of procedures, which in turn needs guidelines to carry out field investigations. This book may provide the needed guidelines and answers for all the above.
The aim of the book is to provide theoretical background on the application of remote sensing and GIS techniques in the delineation of subsurface resources as described in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 discusses the principles of electrical resistivity and imaging (tomography) techniques in the identification of potential boreholes in hard rock region. Principles of pumping test analysis and interpretation of data to evolve aquifer parameters transmissivity ‘T’ and storativity ‘S’ through numerical technique have been brought out in Chapter 3. Basic principles and the application of theory of regionalized variables (Geostatistics-Kriging) for the interpolation of sparse hydro-geological data and its estimation error have been stressed in Chapter 4. Augmentation of groundwater resources through aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) along with the quality problem due to reaction of rocks and injection fluid is dealt in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with the environmental problem. The sources and the process of fluoride and arsenic contamination have been brought out clearly in this article. Chapter 7 deals with the characterization of fracture properties in hard rock areas through hydrogeological investigation at different scales. Amethodology was evolved to delineate the vertical distribution of conductivefracture zones and their permeability through flowmeter vertical profiles during fluid injection and evolving the spatial distribution of permeability by making use of slug test data. The above methodology was tested in Maheswaram watershed, a hard rock region in Andhra Pradesh (India). Groundwater flow and mass transport modeling play a major role in the assessment and management of groundwater resources. Modeling principles and various types of models, which are in vogue for various applications are presented in Chapter 8. An exclusive chapter on the model calibration and issues related to validation, sensitivity analysis, post-audit, uncertainty evaluation and assessment of prediction data needs is also presented.
Groundwater development and management of coastal and island aquifers through field investigations and mathematical modeling is brought out in Chapter 10. Basic principles of SUTRA (USGS) finite element model are also highlighted. The management of groundwater resources through community participation approach and some aspects of remedial
measures of contaminated aquifer may provide some insight to the groundwater professionals, which form the Chapter 11.
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