Thesis - Laboratory Characterisation of Pavement Foundation Materials
Laboratory Characterisation of Pavement Foundation Materials - Jonathan Paul Edwards
Doctoral Thesis
Loughborough University
March 2007
ABSTRACT
Pavement foundations for major roads in the UK were historically designed on an empirical
basis, related to a single design chart, restricting the incorporation of superior performing
materials or materials for which the empirical data sets were not available. The adoption of
performance based specifications was promoted as they are perceived to ‘open up’ the use of
alternative materials (including ‘local’ sources of primary materials) or techniques, and allow for
the incorporation of superior performance into the overall pavement design. Parallel
developments to the performance based design of pavement foundations (allowing for superior
performance) and in situ testing required the support of laboratory based performance tests.
These laboratory based tests were required to determine material performance parameters
(elastic modulus and resistance to permanent deformation) for both unbound and hydraulically
bound pavement foundation materials. A review of the available laboratory apparatus indicated
that they were either; unrealistic (and hence unable to provide the required material
performance parameters), or overly complex and more suited to fundamental research.
Therefore, the requirement for developmental research work was identified. The research
reported herein details the development, manufacture and initial evaluation of simplified
laboratory apparatus (the Springbox for unbound materials and static stiffness test for
hydraulically bound mixtures) designed to produce the performance parameters of elastic
modulus and relative resistance to permanent deformation for pavement foundation materials.
The equipment and test procedure evaluation was undertaken across a range of materials,
giving initial guidance on likely in situ performance.
The innovative laboratory apparatus and materials guidance (including the potential to use
recycled and secondary aggregates) was incorporated into key Highways Agency specification
and guidance documents, which in turn influence construction practice outside of motorways
and major trunk roads. This research concludes by outlining a number of recommendations for
continued development and evaluation, including feeding back data sets from long term in situ
performance testing for subsequent refinement of assumptions.
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Review
"All too often, architects attempt to redesign the wheel. Why struggle to sort out the complexity of a modern building when you can learn from the great masters. If the best architects in the world have visited the problems before, the chances are they have something to teach us. This book, with its detailed information about ground breaking buildings, should change the way we assimilate practical technical information"
Maxwell Hutchinson
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Applied Mechanics Dynamics
by George W. Housner, Donald E. Hudson
Publisher: California Institute of Technology 1980
ISBN/ASIN: 1135123071
ISBN-13: 9781135123079
Number of pages: 399
Description:
This is a textbook for engineering students who wish to prepare for more advanced studies and applications of dynamics. The main emphasis of the book is on particle and rigid-body dynamics, although some other aspects of the subject have been included to show how the methods of classical mechanics are applied to the various branches of engineering science.
This is classical book of a famous author (Prof. George W. Housne)
Sorry I can't upload cover page.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 10-23-2010, 06:38 AM - Forum: ISO
- Replies (5)
CEN/TS ISO 17892, parts 1-4 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soils
CEN/TS ISO 17892-1:2004 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 1: Determination of water content (ISO/TS 17892-1:2004)
This document specifies the laboratory determination of the water (moisture) content of a soil test specimen by oven-drying within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997 1 and prEN 1997 2. The water content is required as a guide to classification of natural soils and as a control criterion in re-compacted soils and is measured on samples used for most field and laboratory tests. The oven-drying method is the definitive procedure used in usual laboratory practice.
The practical procedure for determining the water content of a soil is to determine the mass of water removed by drying the moist soil (test specimen) to a constant mass in a drying oven controlled at a given temperature, and to use this value as the mass of water in the test specimen related to the mass of solid particles. The mass of soil remaining after oven-drying is used as the mass of the solid particles.
CEN/TS ISO 17892-2:2004 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 2: Determination of density of fine grained soil (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
This document specifies methods of test for the determination of the bulk and dry density of intact soil or rock within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997 1 and prEN 1997 2.
The bulk density of a soil is useful in the determination of the in-situ overburden stresses at various depth (geostatic stresses). Furthermore, bulk and dry density can qualitatively describe the mechanical characteristics of a soil via empirical relationships which are to be found in the technical literature. Such relationships should be used only as guidelines and should be supplemented by direct measurements of the mechanical characteristics.
This document describes three methods:
a) linear measurements method;
b) immersion in water method;
c) fluid displacement method.
The linear measurement method is suitable for the determination of the density of a specimen of cohesive soil of regular shape, including specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens used are normally in the form of either rectangular prisms or straight cylinders.
The immersion in water method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of natural or compacted soil by measuring its mass in air and its apparent mass when suspended in water. The method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
The fluid displacement method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of soil by measuring mass and displacement of water or other appropriate fluid after immersion. The method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
CEN/TS ISO 17892-3:2004 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 3: Determination of particle density - Pycnometer method (ISO/TS 17892-3:2004)
This document describes a test method for determining the particle density by the pycnometer method within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997 1 and prEN 1997 2.
The pycnometer method is based on the determination of the volume of a known mass of soil by the fluid displacement method. The density of solid particles is calculated from the mass of the soil and the volume. The pycnometer method applies to soil types with particle sizes under 4 mm.
CEN/TS ISO 17892-1:2004 - Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 1: Determination of water content (ISO/TS 17892-1:2004)
This document specifies the laboratory determination of the water (moisture) content of a soil test specimen by oven-drying within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997 1 and prEN 1997 2. The water content is required as a guide to classification of natural soils and as a control criterion in re-compacted soils and is measured on samples used for most field and laboratory tests. The oven-drying method is the definitive procedure used in usual laboratory practice.
The practical procedure for determining the water content of a soil is to determine the mass of water removed by drying the moist soil (test specimen) to a constant mass in a drying oven controlled at a given temperature, and to use this value as the mass of water in the test specimen related to the mass of solid particles. The mass of soil remaining after oven-drying is used as the mass of the solid particles.
CEN/TS ISO 17892-2:2004 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 2: Determination of density of fine grained soil (ISO/TS 17892-2:2004)
This document specifies methods of test for the determination of the bulk and dry density of intact soil or rock within the scope of the geotechnical investigations according to prEN 1997 1 and prEN 1997 2.
The bulk density of a soil is useful in the determination of the in-situ overburden stresses at various depth (geostatic stresses). Furthermore, bulk and dry density can qualitatively describe the mechanical characteristics of a soil via empirical relationships which are to be found in the technical literature. Such relationships should be used only as guidelines and should be supplemented by direct measurements of the mechanical characteristics.
This document describes three methods:
a) linear measurements method;
b) immersion in water method;
c) fluid displacement method.
The linear measurement method is suitable for the determination of the density of a specimen of cohesive soil of regular shape, including specimens prepared for other tests. The specimens used are normally in the form of either rectangular prisms or straight cylinders.
The immersion in water method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of natural or compacted soil by measuring its mass in air and its apparent mass when suspended in water. The method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
The fluid displacement method covers the determination of the bulk density and dry density of a specimen of soil by measuring mass and displacement of water or other appropriate fluid after immersion. The method is employable whenever lumps of material of suitable size can be obtained.
CEN/TS ISO 17892-4:2004 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution (ISO/TS 17892-4:2004)
This document describes methods for the determination of the particle size distribution of soil samples.
The particle size distribution is one of the most important physical characteristics of soil. Classification of soils is mainly based on the particle size distribution. Many geotechnical and geohydrological properties of soil are related to the particle size distribution.
The particle size distribution provides a description of soil, based on a subdivision in discrete classes of particle sizes. The size of each class can be determined by sieving and/or sedimentation. For soils with less than 10 % fines, the sieving method is applicable. Soils with more than 10 % fines can be analysed by a combination of sieving and sedimentation.
Sieving is the process whereby the soil is separated in particle size classes by the use of test sieves. Sedimentation is the process of the setting of soil particles in a liquid. The difference in settling rate enables the particle size classes to be separated. Two sedimentation methods are described; the hydrometer method and the pipette method.
The methods described are applicable to all non-cemented soils with particle sizes less than 125 mm.
Depending on the purpose for the determination of the particle size distribution, pretreatment or correction for calcium carbonate, dissolved salts and/or organic matter can be required. The use of these methods should be stated in the laboratory report.
Modern methods that incorporate detection systems using x-rays, laser beams, density measurements and particle counters are not covered by this document.
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Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2011 Build 24.0.4.3539 (x64)
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional makes available to designers a complete set of tools for calculating building structures of any size and complexity. Engineers can investigate the behavior of designs in both linear and a nonlinear formulation. Interoperability with Autodesk Revit Structure makes a building information model (BIM) is even more informative. Engineers have the ability to perform calculations of various types of designs much faster. Real 64bit. Downloaded from hotfile and installed. Installed SP4 for x64 too. Multilingual.
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IMPORTANT NOTICE: You may use this software for evaluation purposes only.
If you like it, it is strongly suggested you buy it to support the developers.
By any means you may not use this software to make money or use it for commercial purpose.
I have an access to an internet connection point (wireless). The problem is that, at times, I lose connection. Computer diagnosis said that I am a bit away from the connection point even when graph of the strength of the signal show that the signal is strong enough for me to have a connection. At time, even when the signal is so low, I get uninterrupted connection. I suspect that someone or something is blocking me. Could anyone suggest to me what I am to do as to always maintain my connection (such as installing software or installing an antenna-if that exists?)
Regards
Teddy
I need this book as soon as possible !!!! Please help me...
Failures and the Law: Structural Failure, Product Liability and Technical Insurance, 5 : Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Structural Failure, Product Liability, and Technical Insurance, 10-12 July 1995, Vienna, Austria
by: H. P. Rossmanith
Has anyone in mind any books or sites that might have examples for euro-code 9 ?
There are some parts of the code that, i believe are not that clear...
so some sort of book with solved examples of aluminium structures would be helpful...
SUMMARY OF CONCRETE WORKABILITY TEST METHODS
Eric P. Koehler
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX
David W. Fowler
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX
ICAR Report 105.1
ICAR 105: Measuring the Workability of High Fines Concrete
Sponsored by:
Aggregates Foundation for Technology, Research, and Education
International Center for Aggregates Research
The University of Texas at Austin
August 2003
This document describes 61 test methods for measuring concrete workability.
Many more test methods have been developed for a single project or for a specific
application and have been sparsely reported in the literature, if at all. Although many of
the devices in this document will likely never be used in the future and have been
scarcely used in the past, an examination of tests that have failed and tests that have
been supplanted by better tests is instructive in recognizing trends in concrete
workability research and in selecting key concepts for the development of a new test
method.
This document first describes key principles and trends in the measurement of
workability and then describes the 61 test methods. Based on the successes and failures
of past test methods and the current needs of the concrete industry, requirements for
new test methods are developed.
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