I strongly request to be corrected if I am wrong on the observations below:
I realised some issue with ETABS but did not go much into its intricacies. Its mathematical though not that much,the simple type,just units conversion.
Lets say our working units are KN-m, this means that approximately i may use 25KN/cubic metre and 2.54 ton/cubic metre as the unit weight and unit mass respectively for reinforced concrete.
Now if you open a new file with KN-m as your working units, and go to define Material properties, you will notice that by default the unit weight is 23.5616KN/cubic metre and unit mass as 2.4007.....(here meaning that unit weight/9.81=unit mass).
Now i would want to assume that 2.4007 is actually ton/cubic metre. But then i go ahead and make a further check. What would this be? I go into the calculator mode of ETABS by shift clicking to access the calculator. Here i change my units temporarily to ton-m. I then enter a value of 2.54 ton/cubic metre, and calculate and then OK the results. Surprisingly, i find that the the unit weight and unit mass are actually the same value. I am still not satisfied cause i feel this should be the correct input but requires more confirmatory testing. I then exit the forms and change my working units for the entire project to ton-m. Now here comes the catch!!!! ETABS defaults the value of unit mass to 0.2448 ton/cubic metre.
Observations
Defaulted inputs are not correct as expected.
Conclusions
ETABS or any other program Users should not take default values for granted. Check them and see if they are correct. If you doubt them, consult. CivilEA is there to help!!
Full-size testing to determine stress concentration factors of dragline tubular joints
Engineering Structures 31 (2009) 43-56
A b s t r a c t
This paper describes the determination of stress concentration factors (SCFs) of dragline tubular joints
through laboratory testing of four full-size dragline tubular joints. Strip gauges are installed both outside
and inside the footprint of the joints to measure stress distribution at the weld toe and weld root.
Measurements for SCF are carried out for two load cases, i.e. tension or compression forces in the main
chord alone and tension or compression forces in the vertical bracings alone with reaction forces in the
inclined braces. The relationship of the SCF between the corresponding weld toes and weld roots are
presented in the paper. The weld profile and weld root gaps that have been measured using the silicon
imprint technique and feeler gauges, provide valuable information for future FE simulation and weld root
failure study using the effective notch stress approach.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 10-24-2010, 02:51 PM - Forum: EN
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EN 10283:2010 Corrosion resistant steel castings
This European Standard applies to corrosion resistant steel castings for general purposes.
This standard relates to castings manufactured from martensitic, austenitic, fully austenitic and austenitic-ferritic steel grades characterised by their chemical composition (see Table 1) and mechanical properties (see Table 2).
In cases where castings are joined by welding by the founder, this European Standard applies.
In cases where castings are welded:
- to wrought products (plates, tubes, forgings);
- or by non founders;
this European Standard does not apply.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 10-24-2010, 02:44 PM - Forum: EN
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EN 10340:2008 Steel castings for structural uses
This European Standard applies to steel castings:
- for structural uses in buildings and civil engineering works. Its uses include housing and service buildings, bridges, roads, pipe network.
In cases where castings are joined by welding by the founder, this European Standard applies.
This European Standard does not apply in cases where castings are welded:
- to wrought products (plates, tubes, forgings...);
- or by non founders.
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Structural Investigation of Historic Buildings: A Case Study Guide to Preservation Technology for Buildings, Bridges, Towers and Mills
By David C. Fischetti
Publisher: Wiley
Number Of Pages: 288
Publication Date: 2009-02-09
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0470189673
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780470189672
Product Description:
A toolkit for giving our historic built environment a second life
Conservation of our existing structures has obvious economic and social value. Moreover, historic structures provide an excellent laboratory for studying aspects of structural engineering, materials science, forensic engineering, and building design. Structural Investigation of Historic Buildings: A Case Study Guide to Preservation Technology for Buildings, Bridges, Towers, and Mills provides a practical guide for consulting structural engineers and others on dealing with issues unique to historic structures.
Emphasizing structural evaluation and condition assessment based on sound preservation philosophy, but without burdening the reader with tedious calculations, the book discusses the role of the structural engineer in the evaluation and preservation process and discusses such topics as structural safety, analysis, and conservation. Engaging case studies, drawn from the author's own practice, include:
The Montague Building and Watauga Hall
The Restoration of St. Helena's Church
Market Hall Rehabilitation
Differential Settlement at St. Philip's Moravian Church
James Madison's Montpelier
Relocating the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse
The Timber Trusses of Burr, Town, and Haupt
The Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge
A New Covered Bridge for Old Salem
The Tohickon Aqueduct
Each case study features a description of the project and its history, a condition assessment, structural analysis, discussion, recommendations, and a description of the subsequent intervention as executed with drawings and photographs.
Both a foundational text for students anticipating a career in preservation and a guide for seasoned structural engineers, Structural Investigation of Historic Buildings gives preservation-minded professionals the tools they need to ensure that potential candidates for restoration, rehabilitation, or adaptive reuse do not meet the wrecking ball without a second chance.
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i have a problem in uploading jpeg files in postgen, while trying to upload a warning says "The file untitled.jpg is not a true image and therefore could not be uploaded" can someone give me advice?
Posted by: ir_71 - 10-24-2010, 10:32 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 10210 -1 and 2 :2006 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
EN 10210-1:2006 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Part 1: Technical delivery conditions
This part of this European Standard specifies technical delivery conditions for hot finished hollow sections of circular, square, rectangular or elliptical forms and applies to hollow sections formed hot, with or without subsequent heat treatment, or formed cold with subsequent heat treatment to obtain equivalent metallurgical conditions to those obtained in the hot formed product.
Requirements for tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties are contained in EN 10210-2.
NOTE A range of material grades is specified in this standard and the user should select the grade appropriate to the intended use and service conditions. The grades and mechanical properties of the finished hollow sections are compatible with those in EN 10025-2 and EN 10025-3.
EN 10210-2:2006 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels - Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
This part of EN 10210 specifies tolerances for hot finished circular, square, rectangular and elliptical structural hollow sections, manufactured in wall thicknesses up to 120 mm, in the following size ranges:
Circular: Outside diameters up to 2 500 mm
Square: Outside dimensions up to 800 mm x 800 mm
Rectangular: Outside dimensions up to 750 mm x 500 mm
Elliptical: Outside dimensions up to 500 mm x 250 mm
The formulae for calculating sectional properties of sections manufactured to the dimensional tolerances of this standard, to be used for the purposes of structural design, are given in Annex A.
Dimensions and sectional properties for a limited range of sizes are given in Annex B.
Technical delivery conditions are specified in EN 10210-1.
NOTE The designation of the sections'' major axis (yy) and its minor axis (zz) align with the axis designation used for structural design in the structural Eurocodes.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 10-24-2010, 10:23 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 10244 Stadard Series Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire
EN 10244-1:2009 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 1: General principles
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for the mass, other properties and testing of non-ferrous metal coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of circular or other cross-section.
This European Standard deals with requirements of general application and is of use for those coatings for which no particular requirements have been laid down in the following parts (2 to 6). Deviations are possible, particularly if required for well-defined products. In such cases, appropriate requirements shall be part of the relevant product standard.
EN 10244-2:2009 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 2: Zinc or zinc alloy coatings
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirement for coating mass, other properties and testing of zinc and zinc alloy coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of circular or other section.
EN 10244-3:2001 Steel wire and wire products -Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 3: Aluminium coatings
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for the mass, other properties and testing of aluminium coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of circular or other cross-section.
EN 10244-4:2001 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 4: Tin coatings
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for mass, other properties and testing of tin coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of round or other cross section.
EN 10244-5:2001 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 5: Nickel coatings
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for mass, other properties and testing of nickel coatings on steel wire and steel wire products of round or other cross-section.
EN 10244-6:2001 Steel wire and wire products - Non-ferrous metallic coatings on steel wire - Part 6: Copper, bronze or brass coatings
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for mass, other properties and testing of copper, bronze and brass coatings on steel wire and steel wire products.
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