Sound Control in Buildings: A Guide to Part E of the Building Regulations
M. W. Simons, J. R. Waters
ISBN: 978-1-4051-1883-5
Paperback
184 pages
January 2004, Wiley-Blackwell
Description
Unwanted noise can be a significant nuisance in buildings, particularly dwellings. Part E of the Building Regulations for England and Wales has therefore introduced substantially improved standards for noise control and stringent new requirements for the testing of completed buildings.
This new book explains the regulations in detail and provides recommendations for good design and construction. It explains those aspects of sound transmission necessary for an understanding of Part E of the Regulations.
Table of contents:
Introduction and background to the regulations; Sound absorption and room acoustics; The principles of airborne sound insulation; The principles of impact sound insulation; Part 2 Approved document E performance requirements; Measurement procedures; Separating walls and their flanking constructions - new buildings; Separating floors and their flanking constructions - new buildings; Dwelling houses and flats formed by material change of use; Internal walls and floors for new buildings; Rooms for residential purposes; Reverberation in common parts of buildings.
Hallmark features:
* Unwanted noise a major problem for domestic property
* Tough new requirements for sound control introduced by new Building Regulations from July 2003
* New testing requirements may mean expensive remedial work for dwellings not up to standard
* This book explains the new regulations in detail and recommends good design and construction methods to ensure compliance
Reviews:
'An excellent accompaniment to professional accoustic consultants and an excellent basis of knowledge for house building industry professionals.'
Building Engineer, June 2004
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A full design example of a three span,single level parking structure T-beam example.
Presented by Professor Bijan O Aalami based on ACI 318-02 and IBC 2003.
Design steps:
1)Preliminary Steps:
a.Member thickness.
b.Cover to rebar and prestressing.
2)Computational Steps:
a.Geometry and structural system.
b.Material properties.
c.Loading.
d.Design parameters.
e.Actions due to dead and live loads.
f.Actions due to post-tensioning.
g.Stress check for serviceability.
h.Minimum passive reinforcement.
i.Strength calculation for bending.
j.Shear design.
k.Deflection check.
l.Stresses at transfer.
m.Tendon and reinforcement layout.
n.Computer solution.
Note: sorry again for my lack of skills in combining multiple pictures into a Pdf,I would greatly appreciate it if someone recommends Me how to do it on my profile comments.
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WinZip 15 introduces a powerful new architecture for increased zipping performance, a streamlined user interface with an innovative, new desktop gadget that makes WinZip even easier to use, major file sharing enhancements, and much more. With this unparalleled functionality and usability, no wonder WinZip is far and away the world’s #1 utility for file compression, encryption, sharing, and data backup.
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BS 8204-1:2003 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Concrete bases and cementitious levelling screeds to receive floorings. Code of practice
BS 8204-1:2003+Amendment 1:2009 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Concrete bases and cementitious levelling screeds to receive floorings. Code of practice
BS 8204-1 gives recommendations for the design and laying of concrete bases and cementitious levelling screeds to receive in situ floorings. It also gives recommendations for constituent materials, design, work on site, inspection and testing of concrete bases that are to receive in situ wearing screeds.
BS 8204-1 covers the following types of materials:
a) Concrete (see BS 8204-2)
b) Polymer modified cement (see BS 8204-3)
c) Terrazzo (see BS 8204-4)
d) Mastic asphalt (see BS 8204-5)
e) Synthetic resin (see BS 8204-6)
f) Magnesium oxychloride
g) Pumpable self-smoothing screeds (see BS 8204-7)
BS 8204-1includes information on bases and levelling screeds that are to receive flexible floor coverings such as:
h) Textiles
i) Linoleum
j) Polyvinyl chloride
k) Rubber
l) Cork
It also includes rigid floorings such as:
m) Wood block and strip
n) Laminate floor coverings
o) Ceramic tiles
p) Natural stone.
BS 8204-1 applies to ground-supported and suspended concrete floor bases. It includes the use of concrete and levelling screeds made with lightweight aggregates conforming to BS EN 13055-1. Recommended methods for the assessment of levels and surface regularity and for the determination of in situ crushing resistance (soundness) are also given in this standard.
BS 8204-1 does not provide guidance on the structural design or related construction of concrete ground-supported floors or suspended slabs. Information on these aspects is given in BS 8110-1. The specification of concrete for base slabs is given in BS 8500-2. The recommendations in this code of practice relate to those other aspects of design and construction of concrete slabs that affect the performance of the overlying levelling or wearing screed.
This standard has been amended to include updates made to other cement and aggregate standards.
Contents of BS 8204-1:
Foreword
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Exchange of information and time schedule
Materials
Design considerations
Work on site
Inspection and testing of bases and levelling screeds
Annex A (normative) Recommendations for the use of lightweight aggregates in concrete bases and levelling screeds
Annex B (informative) Guidance for specifying fine aggregates for cementitious levelling screeds: comparison of the grading and fines content of aggregates in BS EN 13139 with established UK practice
Annex C (normative) Methods for the assessment of levels and surface regularity
Annex D (normative) Method for the determination of in situ crushing resistance of bonded and unbonded levelling screeds
Annex E (normative) Determination of in situ crushing resistance of floating levelling screeds
Annex F (normative) Curing recommendations for different cement types
Bibliography
Figures
Tables
BS 8204-2:2003 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Concrete wearing surfaces. Code of practice
BS 8204-2:2003+Amendment 1:2009 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Concrete wearing surfaces. Code of practice
BS 8204-2 gives recommendations for constituent materials, design, work on site, inspection and testing of in situ concrete direct finished base slabs. It applies to concrete as the wearing surface and wearing screeds (formerly known as high strength concrete toppings and granolithic toppings). It applies to both ground-supported floors and suspended floors.
BS 8204-2 does not provide guidance on the structural design of ground-supported or suspended floors. Information on this aspect is given in BS 8110-1.
The recommendations in this code of practice relate to those other aspects of the design of concrete floors that affect the performance of their wearing surfaces.
This standard has been amended to include updates made to other cement and aggregate standards.
Contents of BS 8204-2:
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Exchange of information and time schedule
5 Materials
6 Design considerations: performance requirements
7 Design considerations: general
8 Design considerations: direct finished slabs
9 Design considerations: wearing screeds
10 Work on site: general
11 Work on site: wearing screeds
12 Inspection and testing of wearing surfaces
13 Maintenance
Annex A (normative) Methods for assessing levels and surface regularity
Annex B (normative) Curing recommendations for different cement types
Bibliography
List of figures
List of tables
BS 8204-3:2004 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Polymer modified cementitious levelling screeds and wearing screeds. Code of practice
BS 8204-3:2004+Amendment 1:2009 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Polymer modified cementitious levelling screeds and wearing screeds. Code of practice
BS 8204-3 gives recommendations for the design and installation of trowel finished polymer modified cementitious levelling screeds and wearing screeds. It applies where the proportion of polymer solids based on the mass of dry cement is at least 4 %, as bonded screeds applied to direct finished concrete slabs, fine concrete screeds and to existing concrete floors within buildings.
BS 8204-3 does not apply to unbonded screeds, floating screeds, pumpable self-smoothing screeds, or those laid monolithically. It also does not apply to two-component aqueous thermosetting polymer dispersions.
This standard has been amended to include updates made to other cement and aggregate standards.
Contents of BS 8204-3:
Foreword
Scope
Normative references
Terms and definitions
Exchange of information and time schedule
Materials
Design
Preparation of concrete bases and fine concrete screeds
Work on site
Health and safety precautions
Inspection and testing of the screed
Maintenance
Bibliography
List of figures
List of tables
BS 8204-4:2004 Screeds, bases and in situ floorings. Cementitious terrazo wearing surfaces. Code of practice
This part of BS 8204 gives recommendations for the materials, design, work on site, inspection and testing,
and cleaning and maintenance for in situ cementitious terrazzo flooring. It is intended for terrazzo
contractors, specifiers, builders, designers and main contractors. It gives recommendations for in situ
terrazzo flooring applied as a wearing surface on a concrete base or screed.
NOTE This part of BS 8204 is intended to be read in conjunction with BS 8204-1.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-14-2010, 06:49 AM - Forum: EN
- Replies (3)
EN 1052 Methods of test for masonry
EN 1052-2:1999 Methods of test for masonry - Part 2: Determination of flexural strength
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the flexural strength of small masonry specimens for the two principal axes of loading. Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report.
EN 1052-4:2000 Methods of test for masonry - Part 4: Determination of shear strength including damp proof course
This European Standard specifies a method for determining the in plane shear strength of horizontal bed joints in masonry incorporating sheet damp proof course material using a specimen tested in double shear with load applied perpendicular to the bed joints. Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report.
EN 1052-5:2005 Methods of test for masonry - Part 5: Determination of bond strength by the bond wrench method
This document specifies a method for determining the bond strength of horizontal bed joints in masonry using a bond wrench.
Guidance is given on the preparation of the specimens, the conditioning required before testing, the testing equipment, machine, the method of test, the method of calculation and the contents of the test report.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-14-2010, 06:26 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 13986:2004 Wood-based panels for use in construction - Characteristics, evaluation
This document defines wood-based panels for use in construction and specifies the relevant characteristics and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics for wood-based panels, unfaced, overlaid, veneered or coated:
В· for internal use as structural components in dry conditions ) ;
В· for internal (or protected external) use as structural components in humid conditions ) ;
В· for external use as structural components ) ;
В· for internal use as non-structural components in dry conditions1);
В· for internal (or protected external) uses as non structural components in humid conditions2);
В· for external use as non-structural components3);
В· for use as structural floor decking on joists in dry1) or humid2) or exterior3) conditions;
В· for use as structural roof decking on joists in dry1) or humid2) or exterior3) conditions;
В· for use as structural wall sheathing on studs in dry1) or humid2) or exterior3) conditions.
It provides for the evaluation of conformity and the requirements for marking these products.
This standard covers wood-based panels in the form of solid wood panels, LVL ) , plywood, OSB, particleboards (chipboards) either resin- or cement-bonded, wet process fibreboards (hardboards, medium boards, softboards) and dry process fibreboards (MDF) for use in construction. They may contain chemical agents to improve their reaction to fire and their resistance to biological attack, e.g. by fungi and insects.
This document is not intended to be applicable to wood-based panels for use in non-constructional applications.
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Posted by: ir_71 - 11-14-2010, 06:21 AM - Forum: EN
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EN 15237:2007 Execution of special geotechnical works - Vertical drainage
This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution, testing, supervision and monitoring of vertical drain projects.
This European Standard includes the application of prefabricated vertical drains and sand drains and deals with requirements to be placed on design, drain material and installation methods. This European Standard applies to the improvement of low-permeability, highly compressible soils by vertical drainage and preloading. Information regarding loading (embankment, vacuum or ground water lowering) and preloading is given in informative Annexes A and B.
Vertical drainage is used both in on land and in marine constructions for the following purposes:
п‚ѕ (pre-)consolidation and reduction of post-construction settlements;
п‚ѕ speeding up the consolidation process by decreasing the path lengths for pore water dissipation;
п‚ѕ increase of stability (by increasing effective stresses in the soil);
п‚ѕ groundwater lowering;
п‚ѕ mitigation of liquefaction effects.
In each case there is an overall treatment of the soil (the volume of the drains is small in relation to the soil volume treated).
This European Standard does not include soil improvement by means of wells, gravel and stone columns, large-diameter geotextile enclosed columns or reinforcing elements.
Vertical drainage can also be combined with other foundation or ground improvement methods, e.g. electro osmosis, piles and compacted sand piles, dynamic compaction and deep mixing.
Guidance on practical aspects of vertical drainage, such as investigation of drain properties, execution procedures and equipment, is given in Annex A. Investigation of soil characteristics and assessment of design parameters, which are affected by drain properties and execution, are presented in Annex B.
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Introduction
This International Standard is intended to provide specifications for generation of fatigue crack growth rate data. Test
results are expressed in terms of the fatigue crack growth rate as a function of crack-tip stress intensity factor range,
, as defined by the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics [1]-[6]. Expressed in these terms the results
characterize a material's resistance to subcritical crack extension under cyclic force test conditions. This resistance
is independent of specimen planar geometry and thickness, within the limitations specified in clause 6. All values are
given in SI units [7].
This International Standard describes a method of subjecting a precracked notched specimen to a cyclic force. The
crack length, , is measured as a function of the number of elapsed force cycles, . From the collected crack length
and corresponding force cycles relationship the fatigue crack growth rate, , is determined and is expressed as
a function of stress intensity factor range, .
Materials that can be tested by this method are limited by size, thickness and strength only to the extent that the
material must remain predominantly in an elastic condition during testing and that buckling is precluded.
Specimen size may vary over a wide range. Proportional planar dimensions for six standard configurations are
presented. The choice of a particular specimen configuration may be dictated by the actual component geometry,
compression test conditions or suitability for a particular test environment.
Specimen size is a variable that is subjective to the test material's proof strength and the maximum stress
intensity factor applied during test. Specimen thickness may vary independent of the planar size, within defined
limits, so long as large-scale yielding is precluded and out-of-plane distortion or buckling is not encountered. Any
alternate specimen configuration other than those included in this International Standard may be used, provided
there exists an established stress intensity factor calibration expression, i.e. stress intensity factor function,
[9]-[11].
Residual stresses [12], [13], crack closure [14], [15], specimen thickness, cyclic waveform, frequency and environment,
including temperature, may markedly affect the fatigue crack growth data but are in no way reflected in the
computation of , and so should be recognized in the interpretation of the test results and be included as part of
the test report. All other demarcations from this method should be noted as exceptions to this practice in the final
report.
For crack growth rates above the typical scatter in test results generated in a single laboratory for a
given can be in the order of a factor of two [16]. For crack growth rates below , the scatter in the
calculation may increase to a factor of 5 or more. To assure the correct description of the material's
versus behaviour, a replicate test conducted with the same test parameters is highly recommended.
Service conditions may exist where varying under conditions of constant or control [17] may be
more representative than data generated under conditions of constant force ratio; however, these alternate test
procedures are beyond the scope of this International Standard.
Scope
This International Standard describes tests for determining the fatigue crack growth rate from the threshold stressintensity
factor range, , to the onset of unstable crack extension as the maximum stress intensity factor
approaches controlled instability, as determined in accordance with ISO 12737 [8].
This International Standard is primarily intended for use in evaluating isotropic metallic materials under
predominantly linear-elastic stress conditions and with force applied only perpendicular to the crack plane (mode I
stress condition), and with a constant stress ratio, .
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BS ISO 12107:2003 Metallic materials. Fatigue testing. Statistical planning and analysis of data
Introduction
It is known that the results of fatigue tests display significant variations even when the test is controlled very
accurately. In part, these variations are attributable to non-uniformity of test specimens. Examples of such
non-uniformity include slight differences in chemical composition, heat treatment, surface finish, etc. The
remaining part is related to the stochastic process of fatigue failure itself that is intrinsic to metallic engineering
materials.
Adequate quantification of this inherent variation is necessary to evaluate the fatigue property of a material for
the design of machines and structures. It is also necessary for test laboratories to compare materials in fatigue
behaviour, including its variation. Statistical methods are necessary to perform these tasks. They include both
the experimental planning and procedure to develop fatigue data and the analysis of the results.
Scope
1.1 Objectives
This International Standard presents methods for the experimental planning of fatigue testing and the
statistical analysis of the resulting data. The purpose is to determine the fatigue properties of metallic
materials with both a high degree of confidence and a practical number of specimens.
1.2 Fatigue properties to be analysed
This International Standard provides a method for the analysis of fatigue life properties at a variety of stress
levels using a relationship that can linearly approximate the material's response in appropriate coordinates.
Specifically, it addresses:
a) the fatigue life for a given stress, and
b) the fatigue strength for a given fatigue life.
The term “stress” in this International Standard can be replaced by “strain”, as the methods described are also
valid for the analysis of life properties as a function of strain. Fatigue strength in the case of strain-controlled
tests is considered in terms of strain, as it is ordinarily understood in terms of stress in stress-controlled tests.
1.3 Limit of application
This International Standard is limited to the analysis of fatigue data for materials exhibiting homogeneous
behaviour due to a single mechanism of fatigue failure. This refers to the statistical properties of test results
that are closely related to material behaviour under the test conditions.
In fact, specimens of a given material tested under different conditions may reveal variations in failure
mechanisms. For ordinary cases, the statistical property of resulting data represents one failure mechanism
and may permit direct analysis. Conversely, situations are encountered where the statistical behaviour is not
homogeneous. It is necessary for all such cases to be modelled by two or more individual distributions.
An example of such behaviour is often observed when failure can initiate from either a surface or internal site
at the same level of stress. Under these conditions, the data will have mixed statistical characteristics
corresponding to the different mechanisms of failure. These types of results are not considered in this
International Standard because a much higher complexity of analysis is required.
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