Since the start of the twenty-first century there has been an unprecedented focus upon water as a key factor in the future of both society and environment. Water management lies at the heart of strategies of development as does the added the hazard of climate change.
Water Resources and Development provides a stimulating interdisciplinary introduction to the role of water resources in shaping opportunities and constraints for development. The book begins by charting the evolution of approaches to water management. It identifies an emerging polarization in the late twentieth century between ‘technical’ and ‘social’ strategies. In the past decade these two axes of policy debate have been further intersected by discussion of the scale at which management decisions should be made: the relative effectiveness of ‘global’ and ‘local’ governance of water. A variety of case studies elaborate this analytical framework, exemplifying four key development challenges: economic growth, poverty reduction, competition and conflict over water, and adaptation to climate change. Current ‘best practice’ for water management is examined, addressing strategies of water supply augmentation, the ecological implications of intensified use, and strategies of demand management guided by economic or political principles. It is argued defining ‘successful’ water management and best practice requires first the establishment of development goals and the implicit trade-offs between water consumption and conservation.
This engaging and insightful text offers a unique interdisciplinary analysis by integrating scientific, engineering, social and political perspectives. This is an essential text for courses on development studies, geography, earth sciences and the environment.
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Mechanical Vibrations Theory and Applications >> By Dr. S. Graham Kelly
Author: Dr. S. Graham Kelly | Size: 32.5 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: CL-Engineering; 1 edition | Year: March 2011 | pages: 896 | ISBN: ISBN-13: 9781439062128 ; ISBN: 1439062129
1.Overview - Mechanical Vibrations
Synopsis
Mechanical Vibrations: Theory and Applications takes an applications-based approach at teaching students to apply previously learned engineering principles while laying a foundation for engineering design. This text provides a brief review of the principles of dynamics so that terminology and notation are consistent and applies these principles to derive mathematical models of dynamic mechanical systems. The methods of application of these principles are consistent with popular Dynamics texts. Numerous pedagogical features have been included in the text in order to aid the student with comprehension and retention. These include the development of three benchmark problems which are revisited in each chapter, creating a coherent chain linking all chapters in the book. Also included are learning outcomes, summaries of key concepts including important equations and formulae, fully solved examples with an emphasis on real world examples, as well as an extensive exercise set including objective-type questions.
Biography
Dr. S. Graham Kelly has been a faculty member and administrator at The University of Akron since 1982. He is the author of one textbook in Vibrations, now in its second edition, another text on System Dynamics and Response, and the author of the Schaum's Outline in Mechanical Vibrations. Dr. Kelly has served The University of Akron in its administration as Associate Provost and most recently as Interim Dean of Engineering.
2.Features - Mechanical Vibrations
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION. The Study of Vibrations. Mathematical Modeling. Generalized Coordinates. Classification of Vibration. Dimensional Analysis. Simple Harmonic Motion. Review of Dynamics. 2. MODELING OF SDOF SYSTEMS. Introduction. Springs. Springs in Combination. Other Sources of Potential Energy. Viscous Damping. Energy Dissipated By Viscous Damping. Inertia Elements. External Sources. Free-Body Diagram Method. Static Deflections and Gravity. Small Angle or Displacement Assumption. Equivalent Systems Method. 3. FREE VIBRATIONS OF SDOF SYSTEMS. Introduction. Standard Form of Differential Equation. Free Vibrations of an Undamped System. Underdamped Free Vibrations. Critically Damped Free Vibrations. Overdamped Free Vibrations. Coulomb Damping. Hysteretic Damping. Other Forms of Damping. 4. HARMONIC EXCITATION OF SDOF SYSTEMS. Introduction. Forced Response of an Undamped System Due to a Single-Frequency Excitation. Forced Response of a Viscously Damped System Subject to a Single-Frequency Harmonic Excitation. Frequency-squared Excitations. Response Sue to Harmonic Excitation of Support. Vibration Isolation. Vibration Isolation from Frequency-Squared Excitations. Practical Aspects of Vibration Isolation. Multifrequency Excitations. General Periodic Excitations. Seismic Vibration Measuring Instruments. Complex Representations. Systems with Coulomb Damping. Systems with Hysteretic Damping. Energy Harvesting. 5. TRANSIENT VIBRATIONS OF ONE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS. Introduction. Derivation of Convolution Integral. Response Due to a General Excitation. Excitations Whose Forms Change at Discrete Times. Transient Motion Due to Base Excitation. Laplace Transform Solutions. Transfer Functions. Numerical Methods. Shock Spectrum. Shock Isolation. 6. TWO-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS. Introduction. Derivation of the Equations of Motion. Natural Frequencies and Made Shapes. Free Response of Undamped Systems. Free Vibrations of a System with Viscous Damping. Principal Coordinates. Harmonic Response of Two-Degree-of Freedom Systems. Transfer Functions. Sinusoidal Transfer Function. Frequency Response. Dynamic Vibration Absorbers. Damped Vibration Absorbers. Vibration Dampers. 7. MODELING OF MDOF SYSTEMS. Introduction. Derivation of Differential Equations Using the Free-Body-Diagram Method. Lagrange's Equations. Matrix Formulation of Differential Equations for Linear Systems. Stiffness Influence Coefficients. Flexibility Influence Coefficients. Inertia Influence Coefficients. Lumped-Mass Modeling of Continuous Systems. 8. FREE VIBRATIONS OF MDOF SYSTEMS. Introduction. Normal-Mode Solution. Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes. General Solution. Special Cases. Energy Scalar Products. Properties of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes. Normalized Mode Shapes. Rayleigh's Quotient. Principal Coordinates. Determination of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes. Proportional Damping. General Viscous Damping. 9. FORCED VIBRATIONS OF MDOF SYSTEMS. Introduction. Harmonic Excitations. Sinusoidal Transfer Functions. Modal Analysis for Undamped Systems and Systems With Proportional Damping. Modal Analysis for Systems With General Damping. Numerical Solutions. 10. VIBRATIONS OF CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS. Introduction. General Method. Second-Order Systems: Torsional Oscillations of a Circular Shaft. Transverse Beam Vibrations. Energy Methods. 11. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. Introduction. Assumed Modes Method. General Method. The Bar Element. Beam Element. Global Matrices. 12. NONLINEAR VIBRATIONS. Introduction. Sources of Nonlinearity. Qualitative Analysis of Nonlinear Systems. Quantitative Method of Analysis. Free Vibrations of SDOF Systems. Forced Vibrations of SDOF Systems with Cubic Nonlinearities. MDOF Systems. Continuous Systems. Chaos. 13. RANDOM VIBRATIONS. Introduction. Probability Density Functions. Standard Deviation. Autocorrelation. Fourier Transforms. Power Spectral Density. Wide Band and Narrow Band Processes. Response of SODF Systems. Response of MDOF Systems. APPENDIX A: UNIT IMPULSE FUNCTION AND UNIT STEP FUNCTION. APPENDIX B: LAPLACE TRANSFORMS. APPENDIX C: LINEAR ALGEBRA. APPENDIX D: DEFLECTIONS OF BEAMS DUE TO CONCENTRATED LOADS. APPENDIX E: MATLAB PROGRAMS.
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Testing of materials and manufactured items is a key element in the process from standard specifications though control and verification during manufacture to trade in actual products. Cooperative agreements and networks are being set up covering reference materials and calibration. This process is becoming more urgent with the development in the European market and other international developments. This book presents international views on this fast changing field, with the main themes of: technical components of test quality; quality assurance in testing laboratories; laboratory accreditation and transnational recognition of test results.
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Author: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers | Size: 5.4 MB | Format:PDF | Publisher: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY | Year: 30 April 2000 | pages: 164 | ISBN: unknown
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Field Investigations
Preliminary and Final Stage
Section I
Geological Study
Section II
Subsurface Exploration
Section III
Field Testing
Preliminary Strength Estimates
Vane Shear Tests
Groundwater and Pore Pressure Observations
Field Pumping Tests
Chapter 3 Laboratory Testing
General 1
Classification and Water Content Determinations
Section I
Fine-Grained Soils
Use of Correlations
Shear Strength
Consolidation
Permeability
Compaction Tests
Section II
Coarse-Grained Soils
Shear Strength
Permeability
Density Testing of Pervious Fill
Chapter 4 Borrow Areas
Available Borrow Material
General Layout
Design and Utilization
Chapter 5
Seepage Control
Section I
Foundation Underseepage
General
Cutoffs
Riverside Blankets
Landside Seepage Berms
Pervious Toe Trench
Pressure Relief Wells
Section II
Seepage Through Embankments
Pervious Toe Drain
Horizontal Drainage Layers
Inclined Drainage Layers
Design of Drainage Layers
Compaction of Drainage Layers
Chapter 6 Slope Design and Settlement
Section I
Embankment Stability
Embankment Geometry
Standard Levee Sections and Minimum Levee Section
Effects of Fill Characteristics and Compaction Section II
Stability Analyses
Methods of Analysis
Conditions Requiring Analysis
Minimum Acceptable Factors of Safety
Measures to Increase Stability
Surface Slides
Section III
Settlement
Settlement Analyses
Chapter 7 Levee Construction
Section I
Levee Construction Methods
Classification of Methods
Section II
Foundations
Foundation Preparation and Treatment
Methods of Improving Stability
Section III
Embankments
Embankment Construction Control
Embankment Zoning
Protection of Riverside Slopes
Chapter 8 Special Features
Section I
Pipelines and Other Utility Line Crossing Levees
General Considerations for Pipelines Crossing Through or Under Levees
General Consideration for Pipelines Crossing Over Levees
Pipe Selection
Antiseepage Devices
Closure Devices
Camber
Installation Requirements
Section II
Access Roads and Ramps
Access Roads
Ramps
Section III
Levee Enlargement
General
Earth-Levee Enlargement
Flood wall-Levee Enlargement
Section IV
Junction with Concrete Closure Structures
Design Considerations
Section V
Other Special Features
Construction of Ditches Land side of Levee
Levee Vegetation Management
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Here's a video presentation on A First Look at the 14th Edition Manual & 2010 Specification from 2011 NASCC Presentations (May 11-14,2011), for those who want a copy.
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Dear friends,
I need the paper
"Axially loaded vertical piles and pile groups in layered soil ".
nternational Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics
Volume 15, Issue 7, pages 497–511, July 1991
DOI: 10.1002/nag.1610150704
J. T. Chin, H. G. Poulos,
Abstract
A numerical method is described for the analysis of axially loaded vertical piles and pile groups embedded in layered soil. The ‘hybrid’ approach is utilized whereby the single-pile response is represented by load-transfer (t–z) curves while the pile–soil–pile interaction is obtained accurately using the analytical solutions of Chan et al. for a two-layered system and in an approximate manner for a Gibson soil. For the single-pile response a simple rational procedure is suggested for the determination of the averaged rm value (radial distance at which the shear stress becomes negligible). Solutions are presented and compared with the elastic continuum solutions for such soil profiles. Finally, comparisons with actual field measurements of vertical piles and pile groups embedded in such a soil profile show favourable agreement.
The Definitive Guide to Designing Reinforced Masonry Structures
Fully updated to the 2009 International Building Code (2009 IBC) and the 2008 Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC-08), Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures, second edition, presents the latest methods for designing strong, safe, and economical structures with reinforced masonry. The book is packed with more than 425 illustrations and a wealth of new, detailed examples.
This state-of-the-art guide features strength design philosophy for reinforced masonry structures based on ASCE 7-05 design loads for wind and seismic design. Written by an internationally acclaimed author, this essential professional tool takes you step-by-step through the art, science, and engineering of reinforced masonry structures.
COVERAGE INCLUDES:
Masonry units and their applications
Materials of masonry construction
Flexural analysis and design
Columns
Walls under gravity and transverse loads
Shear walls
Retaining and subterranean walls
General design and construction considerations
Anchorage to masonry
Design aids and tables
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TitlePrestressed Beam Integral Bridges
AuthorHambly, DrE.C.; Nicholson, B
DateJan 1, 1991
Stock code31999
Abstract Continuous structures are favoured for multispan bridges in order to reduce maintenance problems relating to joints. This publication is intended for practising bridge designers and illustrates a design method for integral and continuous bridge decks using precast prestressed concrete beams.
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