USDOT: Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures

[pezhmankhan]

Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures

This manual, which is comprised of two parts, represents the most current state-of-practice in assessing the vulnerability of highway structures to the effects of earthquakes, and implementing retrofit measures to improve performance.
Part 1 – Bridges: FHWA-HRT-06-032
Part 1 of this manual focuses on highway bridges, and is a replacement for the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) publication "Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges" which was published in 1995 as report FHWA-RD-94-052. Revisions have been made to include current advances in earthquake engineering, field experience with retrofitting highway bridges, and the performance of bridges in recent earthquakes. It is the result of several years of research with contributions from a multidisciplinary team of researchers and practitioners. In particular, a performance-based retrofit philosophy is introduced similar to that used for the performance-based design of new buildings and bridges. Performance criteria are given for two earthquake ground motions with different return periods, 100 and 1000 years. A higher level of performance is required for the event with the shorter return period (the lower level earthquake ground motion) than for the longer return period (the upper level earthquake ground motion). Criteria are recommended according to bridge importance and anticipated service life, with more rigorous performance being required for important, relatively new bridges, and a lesser level for standard bridges nearing the end of their useful life. Minimum recommendations are made for screening, evaluation and retrofitting according to an assigned Seismic Retrofit Category. Bridges in Category A need not be retrofitted whereas those in Categories B, C and D require successively more rigorous consideration and retrofitting as required. Various retrofit strategies are described and a range of related retrofit measures explained in detail, including restrainers, seat extensions, column jackets, footing overlays, and soil remediation.

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Part 2 – Structures, Slopes, Tunnels, Culverts, and Roadways: FHWA-HRT-05-067
Part 2 of this manual includes new procedures for determining the seismic vulnerability of other important highway system structures such as retaining structures, slopes, tunnels, culverts, and roadways. Guidance is provided for various systems.

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