Elastomeric Bridge Bearings: Recommended Test Methods
Author: Yura, J KUMAR, A Yakut, A Topkaya, C Becker, E Collingwood, J | Size: 3.58 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2001 | pages: 124 | ISBN: 0309066670
Fifteen tests currently required by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for determining the properties of elastomeric bridge bearings were evaluated with respect to their effect on the performance of the bearing. Experimental research was conducted in principally four areas: shear modulus, aging, creep, and low temperature. Theoretical studies were undertaken on the effect of misaligned steel laminates on the stresses and deformation within the elastomeric bearing. It was found that significant misalignments do not have a significant effect on the internal stresses and strains. Crack growth studies established that ozone induced surface cracks or cracks from manufacturing defects on the surface will not propagate significantly into the bearing within its lifetime. Delaminations at the interface of the elastomer and steel laminate were found to be very significant, so bearings with such defects should be rejected. Three new test methods were developed: an inclined compression test, a creep test and a compressive stiffness test. The inclined compression test was developed primarily to determine the shear modulus of the elastomer, but it can also be used to determine the shear bond strength and the compressive stiffness of the bearing. The elimination of eight current test procedures in AASHTO is recommended. New low temperature bearing performance criteria were developed because the current criteria unnecessarily restrict the use of certain elastomeric material.
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This report contains the findings of a study to determine load factors for use in evaluating the load capacity of existing bridges. The report includes recommended values for load factors and presents the methodology and data used to calibrate the factors to provide appropriate safety margins. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers involved in bridge load rating and to engineers interested in the development of load and resistance factor rating procedures.
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Recommended Specifications for Large-Span Culverts
Author: McGrath, T J Moore, I D Selig, E T Webb, M C Taleb, B White, T D Haddock, J E Hand, AJT Fang, H | Size: 865 KB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2002 | pages: 148 | ISBN: 030906757X
This report contains the findings of a study to develop recommended design and construction specifications for metal and concrete large-span culverts. The report describes the research effort leading to the recommended specifications and includes information on field-testing and computer modeling. The methodology used to develop simplified design equations is also included. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to specification writers and to engineers concerned with the design and construction of large-span culverts.
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Contributions of Pavement Structural Layers to Rutting of Hot-Mix Asphalt Pavements
Author: White, T D Haddock, J E Hand, AJT Fang, H | Size: 7 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2002 | pages: 164 | ISBN: 0309067219
This report presents the findings of a research project to investigate whether the relative contributions of the structural layers to rutting in a hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement can be determined from an analysis of its transverse surface profile. The report presents a recommended method for estimating the relative contributions of pavement layers to total rutting. The report will be of particular interest to engineers in the public and private sectors with responsibility for the design, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of HMA pavements.
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Author: Witczak, M W Kaloush, K Pellinen, T El-Basyouny, M Von Quintus, H | Size: 6.03 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2002 | pages: 111 | ISBN: 0309067154
This report presents the findings of a research task to identify a simple test for confirming key performance characteristics of Superpave volumetric mix designs. In this initial phase of the work, candidate tests for permanent deformation, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature cracking were identified and recommended for field validation in the next phase of work. The report will be of particular interest to materials engineers in state highway agencies, as well as to materials suppliers and paving contractor personnel responsible for design and production of hot mix asphalt.
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Performance Testing for Modular Bridge Joint Systems
Author: Dexter, R J Mutziger, M J Osberg, C B | Size: 2.24 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2002 | pages: 92 | ISBN: 0309067200
This report contains the findings of research performed to develop performance requirements for modular bridge joint systems. The report includes recommended testing specifications; material, fabrication, and construction guidelines; and a joint anchorage design example. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge designers.
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Fatigue-Resistant Design of Cantilevered Signal, Sign, and Light Supports
Author: Dexter, R J Ricker, M J | Size: 2.73 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2002 | pages: 278 | ISBN: 0309067243
This report contains the findings of a study on fatigue resistance of cantilevered signal, sign, and light supports. The report includes design examples illustrating the application of the fatigue provisions of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) "Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals"; guidance on design, installation, inspection, and maintenance of these structures; and recommended specifications for anchor rods. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge and structural engineers, traffic engineers, and manufacturers.
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This report documents and presents results of a study on evaluating remaining service life of metal-tensioned systems, including rock bolts, tiebacks, and soil nails. A recommended practice is proposed describing procedures to evaluate the condition and remaining useful life of in-place, metal-tensioned systems and to estimate the design life of new installations. The recommended practice considers key factors such as materials used in the tensioned systems; corrosion; anchorage methods; soil and rock conditions; environmental effects; construction techniques; and long-term, cost-effective measuring techniques. Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques--including measurement of half-cell potential and polarization current, impact echo testing, and ultrasonic probing--are used for condition assessment of metal-tensioned systems. NDT techniques are included in the recommended practice to supplement destructive tests, which provide the most reliable information needed for recommending future actions. Application of the recommended practice is demonstrated through field investigation of an inventory of existing metal-tensioned systems representing a range of types, subsurface conditions, and ages. Data from the field studies serve to validate the measurement methods, the corrosion assessment model, and the model for estimating the remaining useful service life described in the recommended practice.
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Recommended Practice for Evaluation of Metal-Tensioned Systems in Geotechnical Applications
Author: Withiam, J L Fishman, K L Gaus, M P | Size: 3.07 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2003 | pages: 143 | ISBN: 0309067626
This report documents and presents results of a study on evaluating remaining service life of metal-tensioned systems, including rock bolts, tiebacks, and soil nails. A recommended practice is proposed describing procedures to evaluate the condition and remaining useful life of in-place, metal-tensioned systems and to estimate the design life of new installations. The recommended practice considers key factors such as materials used in the tensioned systems; corrosion; anchorage methods; soil and rock conditions; environmental effects; construction techniques; and long-term, cost-effective measuring techniques. Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques--including measurement of half-cell potential and polarization current, impact echo testing, and ultrasonic probing--are used for condition assessment of metal-tensioned systems. NDT techniques are included in the recommended practice to supplement destructive tests, which provide the most reliable information needed for recommending future actions. Application of the recommended practice is demonstrated through field investigation of an inventory of existing metal-tensioned systems representing a range of types, subsurface conditions, and ages. Data from the field studies serve to validate the measurement methods, the corrosion assessment model, and the model for estimating the remaining useful service life described in the recommended practice.
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Author: Ghosn, M Moses, F | Size: 1.66 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Transportation Research Board | Year: 2003 | pages: 182 | ISBN: 0309087503
This report contains the findings of a study to develop a design procedure for application of extreme event (e.g., vessel collisions, scour caused by flooding, winds, earthquakes) loads and extreme event loading combinations to highway bridges. The report describes the research effort leading to the recommended procedure and discusses the application of reliability analysis to bridge design. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers and bridge-design specification writers.
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