This practical guide to cost studies of buildings has been updated and revised throughout for the 5th edition. New chapters have been added on the RICS New Rules of Measurement (NRM) for order of cost estimating and elemental cost planning, and on the procurement of construction projects.
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This book is a tutorial written by researchers and developers behind the FEniCS Project and explores an advanced, expressive approach to the development of mathematical software. The presentation spans mathematical background, software design and the use of FEniCS in applications. Theoretical aspects are complemented with computer code which is available as free/open source software. The book begins with a special introductory tutorial for beginners. Following are chapters in Part I addressing fundamental aspects of the approach to automating the creation of finite element solvers. Chapters in Part II address the design and implementation of the FEnicS software. Chapters in Part III present the application of FEniCS to a wide range of applications, including fluid flow, solid mechanics, electromagnetics and geophysics.
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Author: C.W. Cai, J.K. Liu | Size: 5.75 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Inc | Year: 2002 | pages: 280 | ISBN: 9789810249281
By using the U-transformation method, it is possible to uncouple linear simultaneous equations, either algebraic or differential, with cyclic periodicity. This text presents a procedure for applying the U-transformation technique twice to uncouple the two sets of unknown variables in a doubly periodic structure to achieve an analytical exact solution. Explicit exact solutions for the static and dynamic analyses for certain engineering structures with doubly periodic properties - such as a continuous truss with any number of spans, cable network and grillwork on supports with periodicity, and grillwork with periodic stiffening members or equidistant line supports - can be found in the volume. The availability of these exact solutions not only helps with the checking of the convergence and accuracy of numerical solutions, but also provides a basis for optimization design for these types of structures. The study of the force vibration and mode shape of periodic systems with non-linear disorder is yet another research area which has attained considerable success by the U-transformation method. This work illustrates the analytical approach and procedure for the problems of localization of the mode shape of nearly periodic systems together with the results.
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Author: John Sharp | Size: 23.5 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: authorization of Microsoft Corporation | Year: 2012 | pages: 844 | ISBN: 978-0-7356-6801-0
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Author: Dr Noel O’Dowd | Size: 3.7 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Original preprint | Publisher: Imperial College London | Year: 2002 | pages: 107
Fracture mechanics concerns the design and analysis of structures which contain cracks or flaws. On some size-scale all materials contain flaws either microscopic, due to cracked inclusions, debonded fibres etc., or macroscopic, due to corrosion, fatigue, welding flaws etc. Thus fracture mechanics is involved in any detailed design or safety assessment of a structure. As cracks can grow during service due to e.g. fatigue, fracture mechanics assessments are required throughout the life of a structure or component, not just at start of life. Fracture mechanics answers the questions: What is the largest sized crack that a structure can contain or the largest load the structure can bear for failure to be avoided? How long before a crack which was safe becomes unsafe? What material should be used in a certain application to ensure safety?
Studies in the US in the 1970s by the US National Bureau of Standards estimated that “cost of fracture” due to accidents, overdesign of structures, inspection costs, repair and replacement was on the order of 120 billion dollars a year. While fracture cannot of course be avoided, they estimated that, if best fracture control technology at the time was applied, 35 billion dollars could be saved annually. This indicates the importance of fracture mechanics to modern industrialised society.
The topics of linear elastic fracture mechanics, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and high temperature fracture mechanics (creep crack growth) are dealt with in this course. The energy release rate method of characterising fracture is introduced and the K and HRR fields which characterise the crack tip fields under elastic and plastic/creep fracture respectively are derived. The principal mechanisms of fracture which control failure in the different regimes are also discussed. In the later part of the course, the application of these fracture mechanics principles in the assessment of the safety of components or structures with flaws through the use of standardised procedures is discussed.
The approach taken in this course is somewhat different from that in Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics (FFM) as here more emphasis is put on the mechanics involved and outlines of mathematical proofs of some of the fundamental fracture mechanics relationships are provided. There is some revision of the topics covered in FFM, particularly in the area of linear elastic fracture mechanics though the approach is a little different.
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Flexibility in Engineering Design (Engineering Systems)
Author: Richard de Neufville, Stefan Scholtes, | Size: 2.8 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Unspecified | Publisher: The MIT Press | Year: 2011 | pages: 311 | ISBN: 9780262016230
Project teams can improve results by recognizing that the future is inevitably uncertain and that by creating flexible designs they can adapt to eventualities. This approach enables them to take advantage of new opportunities and avoid harmful losses. Designers of complex, long-lasting projects--such as communication networks, power plants, or hospitals--must learn to abandon fixed specifications and narrow forecasts. They need to avoid the "flaw of averages," the conceptual pitfall that traps so many designs in underperformance. Failure to allow for changing circumstances risks leaving significant value untapped. This book is a guide for creating and implementing value-enhancing flexibility in design. It will be an essential resource for all participants in the development and operation of technological systems: designers, managers, financial analysts, investors, regulators, and academics. The book provides a high-level overview of why flexibility in design is needed to deliver significantly increased value. It describes in detail methods to identify, select, and implement useful flexibility. The book is unique in that it explicitly recognizes that future outcomes are uncertain. It thus presents forecasting, analysis, and evaluation tools especially suited to this reality. Appendixes provide expanded explanations of concepts and analytic tools.
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