SUMMARY
"Reinforced Concrete Design", now in its 6th edition, provides a straightforward and practical introduction to the principles and methods used in the design of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures. This book contains many worked examples to illustrate the various aspects of design involved. Fully revised and updated to conform to the final Eurocode 2, students and practitioners alike will find it a concise guide both to the basic theory and to design procedures. Preface - Notation - Properties of Reinforced Concrete - Limit State Design - Analysis of the Structure - Analysis of the Section - Shear, Bond and Torsion - Serviceability, Durability and Stability Requirements - Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams - Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs - Column Design - Foundations and Retaining Walls - Pre-stressed Concrete - Composite Construction
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SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING THE PERIOD OF VIBRATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
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First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology
(a joint event of the 13th ECEE & 30th General Assembly of the ESC)
Geneva, Switzerland, 3-8 September 2006
Authors
Helen CROWLEY and Rui PINHO
SUMMARY
Currently, seismic design of new European buildings follows a force-based approach, whilst the assessment of existing buildings is moving towards a displacement-based philosophy. In forcebased design, conservative estimates of the period of vibration should be produced such that the base shear force will be conservatively predicted from an acceleration spectrum, and thus the use of gross section (uncracked) stiffness in analytical calculations is perhaps acceptable. For the assessment of buildings, the use of the uncracked stiffness in the determination of the period is certainly inappropriate considering cracking of critical elements such as beams generally occurs under gravity loading alone. Even if cracking is not found to have occurred before the design seismic level of excitation (considered unlikely as this level of excitation would with all probability have been preceded by a number of lower intensity events), it will occur early on in the response to excitation and thereafter the stiffness will reduce rapidly leading to the loss of the tension stiffening effect of the concrete. Thus, the reliable stiffness of the members of an existing RC frame can only be confidently taken as the yield/cracked stiffness. The uncracked and yield period of existing European reinforced concrete buildings of varying height is analytically calculated herein using eigenvalue analysis. A simplified equation is proposed to relate the yield period of vibration of existing buildings to their height for use in large-scale vulnerability assessment applications.
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Authors
Dae-Kun Kwon; Tracy Kijewski-Correa; and Ahsan Kareem
Abstract: The NatHaz Aerodynamic Loads Database {NALD) "http://aerodata.ce.nd.edu" introduced in 2000 has served an important first step in establishing an on-line experimental archive of high-frequency base balance (HFBB) data for use in the preliminary design of
high-rise buildings subjected to wind loads. As a result, NALD was recently introduced in the Commentary of ASCE 7-05 (C6.5.8) as an alternative means of assessing the dynamic wind load effects on high-rise buildings. This paper presents NALD version 2.0 (v. 2.0), integrating the latest advances in data management and mining for interactive queries of aerodynamic load data and an integrated on-line analysis framework for determining the resulting base moments, displacements, and equivalent static wind loads for survivability and accelerations for serviceability (habitability). The key feature of NALD v. 2.0 is the flexibility its analysis module offers: Users may select not only the data from the on-line NatHaz aerodynamic loads database, but also may input desired power spectral density (PSD) expression or wind tunnel-derived PSD data set obtained from a HFBB experiment for the evaluation of wind load effects on high-rise buildings. Thus, it serves as a stand-alone analysis engine. Examples illustrate the capabilities of NALD v. 2.0 and provide comparisons of response estimates to demonstrate the flexibility of the analysis engine to provide a platform that can be readily expanded and supplemented to yield a comprehensive, simplified, and efficient avenue for e-analysis of high-rise buildings.
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ACI 224.2R-92 Cracking of Concrete Members in Direct Tension
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Cracking of Concrete Members in Direct Tension
Reported by ACI Committee 224
Reapproved 1997
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Effect of Reinforcement on Early-Age Cracking in High Strength Concrete
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HERON, Vol. 49, No. 3 (2004)
Authors
M. S. Sule and K. van Breugel
Absract
During hydration, high strength concrete (HSC) is subjected not only to thermal effects but also to load-independent deformations, i.e. autogenous shrinkage. The additional autogenous shrinkage makes hardening HSC prone to cracking. As the prediction of the probability of cracking is solemnly based on the behaviour of concrete it was found that this is sometimes too pessimistic for reinforced HSC-structures. In order to investigate the stress development and the probability of cracking in hardening reinforced HSC, a Temperature Stress Testing Machine (TSTM) has been used for simulating the mechanical boundary conditions and for imposing different curing temperatures onto concrete specimens. The specimens were made of HSC and normal strength concrete (NSC). They were reinforced with different reinforcement percentages (0%, 0.75%, 1.34% and 3.02%) and configurations (one reinforcement bar and four reinforcement bars). It was found that four rebars in the corners of the test specimen postpone the moment of through-cracking, whereas specimens with one centrally placed rebar cracked almost as sudden as plain specimens. For quantifying the effect of reinforcement on the moment of cracking due to restrained load-independent deformations, a “strain enhancement factor” has been introduced. By applying the strain enhancement factor, the cracking probability of a reinforced HSC-structure can be estimated more realistically at early-age.
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RC Infilled Frame-RC Plane Frame Interactions for Seismic Resistance
Suyamburaja Arulselvan , K. Subramanian , E.B. Perumal Pillai and A.R. Santhakumar
Abstract: Experimental investigation was planned and conducted to study the influence of brick masonry infill in a reinforced cement concrete frame. The analytical methods available needs validation by comparison with experimental results and more accurate methods of analysis like finite element analysis has to be used for the above purpose. In this study, RC frame with middle bay brick infilled representing a five-stories, three bay building in quarter-scale has been taken for experimental investigation and the available methods of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis using ANSYS software for the frames have been carried out. Until the cracks developed in infills, the contribution of the infill to both lateral stiffness and strength was very significant. The change in lateral stiffness, strength, ductility and natural period of the framed structure due to the presence of infills change the behaviour of the building under seismic action. The object of this study was to investigate the behaviour of such infilled frames under seismic loads. For this purpose, five stories, three bay frames with central portion infilled with brick were tested under static cyclic loading simulating seismic action. Analytical works was done to understand the stiffness, strength and behaviour of these types of frames.
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Analysis and tests of rigidly connected reinforced concrete frames
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Title: Analysis and tests of rigidly connected reinforced concrete frames
Author: Abe, Mikishi
Subject: Reinforced concrete
Date: 1918
Publisher: University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, College of Engineering. Engineering Experiment Station.
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AutoCAD Inventor Suite 2010
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IMPORTANT NOTICE: You may use this software for evaluation purposes only.
If you like it, it is strongly suggested you buy it to support the developers.
By any means you may not use this software to make money or use it for commercial purpose.
Structural Steelwork: Design to Limit State Theory
Dennis Lam, Thien-Cheong Ang, Sing-Ping Chiew, "Structural Steelwork, Third Edition: Design to Limit State Theory"
Butterworth-Heinemann; 3 edition (March 18, 2004) | ISBN: 0750659122 | 368 pages | PDF | 2,2 Mb
This classic textbook is a comprehensive introduction to structural steelwork design.The book describes the design theory and code requirements for common structures, connections, elements and frames.
The book is structured to meet the needs of courses in structural steelwork, introducing and explaining each concept before allowing the student to test the knowledge with practical examples. Each section is illustrated with exercises for the student to reinforce their learning.
This book continues to be an indispensable introduction to structural steelwork design for students of structural and civil engineering.
*Updated to reflect the 2000 Amendment to Part 1 of BS5950.
*Practical examples of methods and techniques throughout.
*Exercises accompany each chapter.
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