The goal of this book is to provide engineers and scientIsts in academia and industry with a thorough understanding of the underlying principles of nonlinear system identification. The reader will be able to apply the discussed models and methods to real problems with the necessary confidence and the awareness of potential difficulties that may arise in practice. This book is self-contained in the sense that it requires merely basic knowledge of matrix algebra, signals and systems, and statistics. Therefore, it also serves as an introduction to linear system identification and gives a practical overview on the major optimization methods used in engineering. The emphasis of this book is on an intuitive understanding of the subject and the practical application of the discussed techniques. It is not written in a theorem/proof style; rather the mathematics is kept to a minimum and the pursued ideas are illustrated by numerous figures, examples, and real-world applications. Fifteen years ago, nonlinear system identification was a field of several ad-hoc approaches, each applicable only to a very restricted class of systems. With the advent of neural networks, fuzzy models, and modern structure opti mization techniques a much wider class of systems can be handled. Although one major characteristic of nonlinear systems is that almost every nonlinear system is unique, tools have been developed that allow the use of the same ap proach for a broad variety of systems.
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Precise dynamic models of processes are required for many applications, ranging from control engineering to the natural sciences and economics. Frequently, such precise models cannot be derived using theoretical considerations alone. Therefore, they must be determined experimentally. This book treats the determination of dynamic models based on measurements taken at the process, which is known as system identification or process identification. Both offline and online methods are presented, i.e. methods that post-process the measured data as well as methods that provide models during the measurement. The book is theory-oriented and application-oriented and most methods covered have been used successfully in practical applications for many different processes. Illustrative examples in this book with real measured data range from hydraulic and electric actuators up to combustion engines. Real experimental data is also provided on the Springer webpage, allowing readers to gather their first experience with the methods presented in this book. Among others, the book covers the following subjects: determination of the non-parametric frequency response, (fast) Fourier transform, correlation analysis, parameter estimation with a focus on the method of Least Squares and modifications, identification of time-variant processes, identification in closed-loop, identification of continuous time processes, and subspace methods. Some methods for nonlinear system identification are also considered, such as the Extended Kalman filter and neural networks. The different methods are compared by using a real three-mass oscillator process, a model of a drive train. For many identification methods, hints for the practical implementation and application are provided. The book is intended to meet the needs of students and practicing engineers working in research and development, design and manufacturing.
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This book is derived from notes used in teaching a first-year graduate-level course in elasticity in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. This is a modern treatment of the linearized theory of elasticity, which is presented as a specialization of the general theory of continuum mechanics. It includes a comprehensive introduction to tensor analysis, a rigorous development of the governing field equations with an emphasis on recognizing the assumptions and approximations in herent in the linearized theory, specification of boundary conditions, and a survey of solution methods for important classes of problems. Two- and three-dimensional problems, torsion of noncircular cylinders, variational methods, and complex variable methods are covered. This book is intended as the text for a first-year graduate course in me chanical or civil engineering. Sufficient depth is provided such that the text can be used without a prerequisite course in continuum mechanics, and the material is presented in such a way as to prepare students for subsequent courses in nonlinear elasticity, inelasticity, and fracture mechanics. Alter natively, for a course that is preceded by a course in continuum mechanics, there is enough additional content for a full semester of linearized elasticity.
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This book is intended for the use of final year undergraduates and in the design office. It is an attempt to bridge the gap between conventional design procedures for continuous concrete beams, based on an elastic distribution of moments at working Ioad, and the ultimate Ioad approach, which is based on the plastic behaviour of concrete beams. The text assumes that the reader has an elementary knowledge of the elastic sizing of reinforced concrete sections and is reasonably familiar with the section of CP 114 : 1957 relating to design considerations.
Chapter 1 discusses the limitations of elastic design and the basis of ultimate Ioad design together with British, American and Russian design rules. Chapters 2 and 3 dea1 with the behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete sections under Ioad. In Chapter 4 the formation of plastic hinges is discussed together with a summary of the work of Professor A.L.L. Baker. The final two chapters consider Serviceability requirements, crack width limitations etc., and the problems of shear and torsion. Several worked examples are included in the text together with a comprehensive reference Iist and metric conversion table.
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Advances in Structural Optimization presents the techniques for a wide set of applications, ranging from the problems of size and shape optimization (historically the first to be studied) to topology and material optimization. Structural models are considered that use both discrete and finite elements. Structural materials can be classical or new. Emerging methods are also addressed, such as automatic differentiation, intelligent structures optimization, integration of structural optimization in concurrent engineering environments, and multidisciplinary optimization.
For researchers and designers in industries such as aerospace, automotive, mechanical, civil, nuclear, naval and offshore. A reference book for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses on structural optimization and optimum design.
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Author(s)/Editor(s): R Holland | Size: 6 MB | Format:PDF | Quality:Scanner | Publisher: Thomas Telford Publishing | Year: 1997 | pages: 160 | ISBN: 0727725831 / 978-0727725837
This book provides guidance on appraisal and repair of reinforced concrete building structures. It addresses the problems related to reinforced concrete, corrosion of reinforcement, cracking, cathodic protection and protective coatings, and it highlights the advantages and/or problems of each while explaining the methods and options available.
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Bi-axial Interaction Curve ACI:
-rectangular shape
-any arrangement of reinf'
-right hand rule for moment convention
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BS EN 771-1:2011 Specification for masonry units Part 1: Clay masonry units
BS EN 771-2:2011 Specification for masonry units Part 2: Calcium silicate masonry units
BS EN 771-3:2011 Specification for masonry units Part 3: Aggregate concrete masonry units (Dense and lightweight aggregates)
BS EN 771-4:2011 Specification for masonry units Part 4: Autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units
BS EN 771-5:2011 Specification for masonry units Part 5: Manufactured stone masonry units
BS EN 771-6:2011 Specification for masonry units Part 6: Natural stone masonry units
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This book is intended mainly for students of hydraulic engineering who have already gained a basic knowledge of fluid mechanics and who wish to study the hydraulics of open channels as a whole. At the same time it is hoped that the inclusion of a full range of selected references will make the book of value to postgraduate students and practising engineers looking for an introduction to the subject.
Although flow in channels constitutes only one part of hydraulics, it is today too large a subject for it to be treated easily in detail in a single small volume.
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This book focuses on the aspects of contracting contracts, basically related to road construction and management contracts. The book presents an analytical study of Performance-Based Road Management and Maintenance (PMMR), Funktionsbauvertrag (FBV) (Function-Based Construction Contract) and Public Private Partnerships (PPP). A separate chapter is also included about the comparative study of these contract types. The book provides useful material for university libraries, construction companies and government departments of construction.
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