Microstructural Characterisation of Fibre-Reinforced Composites

eatures
Each chapter designed as a stand-alone introduction to its topic, including detailed references for follow-up research
Discussions on the range of reinforcement forms used in commercial applications
Outline of techniques appropriate in identifying a material's micro- and meso-structures

Summary
In the past 50 years, great progress has been made in developing artificial fiber-reinforced composite materials, generally using filaments with microscopic diameters. An array of reinforcement forms can be used in commercial applications - with the microstructure being a critical factor in realizing the required properties in a material.
Microstructural Characterisation of Fibre-Reinforced Composites comprehensively examines the application of advanced microstructural characterization techniques to fiber-reinforced composites.

BS 8118 Structural use of aluminium

This Part of BS 8118 provides recommendations for the design of the elements of framed, lattice and stiffened plate structures, using wrought aluminium alloy. The design recommendations are for a variety of aluminium alloys suitable for structural use, and apply to a range of structures subjected to normal atmospheric conditions such as bridges, buildings, towers, road and rail vehicles, marine craft, cranes and offshore topside structures.

This British Standard does not cover aerospace alloys, the detail design of castings, curved shell structures or structures subjected to severe thermal or chemical conditions. It is not intended to be used for the design of containment vessels, pipework, airborne structures or naval vessels.

This part of BS 8118 specifies requirements for the materials, workmanship and protection of aluminium and aluminium alloy construction and structures.

The requirements of this standard apply to the fabrication, protection, assembly and erection of aluminium and aluminium alloy construction, but the engineer undertaking the design needs to be aware of those items which will affect the design.

Guidance on fabrication tolerances, erection tolerances and assembly tolerances is given in appendix A. Guidance on weld inspection acceptance levels is covered in appendix B.

BS EN 1708-1:2010 Welding — Basic welded joint details in steel Part 1: Pressurized components

The purpose of this European Standard is to exemplify commonly accepted welded connections in pressure systems. It does not promote the standardization of connections that may be regarded as mandatory or restrict development in any way. Stress analysis rules should be considered if necessary.
This standard contains examples of connections welded by:
 Manual metal-arc welding with covered electrode (111);
 Submerged arc welding (12);
 Gas shielded metal arc welding (13);
 Tungsten inert gas arc welding; TIG-welding (14);
 Plasma arc welding (15) processes (process numbers according to EN ISO 4063) in steel pressure systems. Other processes by agreement.
This standard covers welded joint details in steel, but can be applied to other metallic materials. In such cases the shape and dimensions of the weld should be checked. The estimation of the suitability of welded connections for special service conditions, for example corrosion and fatigue are not specially considered.

Remediation of Brownfield Land

This document provides guidance on the use of Stabilisation/Solidification (S/S) for the remediation of land affected by contamination, as commonly found on brownfield land or derelict sites. Cement and lime are widely used for stabilising natural soils to improve their engineering properties, and specifications and extensive guidance are available. Although S/S can be considered a natural extension of soil stabilisation techniques, it is more difficult to design, plan and implement: this is because of the potentially complex nature of soils and contaminants within brownfield or derelict sites. Accepting that the use of S/S is not as widespread as soil stabilisation, it has regularly been successful in remediating many types of derelict or contaminated land. A necessary precursor to any remediation is a risk assessment to establish the extent and nature of any hazardous contamination and so develop a remediation strategy to manage the risk. It is at this stage that S/S is assessed as a remediation option. Where S/S is found practicable, a full remediation design is carried out through a combination of laboratory and site trials before full site implementation. This document is an overview of the whole process, from the initial risk assessment to completion of the remediation. It is for general guidance only and must not be considered a substitute for the necessary site-specific documentation. All remediation work undertaken on land affected by contamination must be carried out to a site-specific working plan, drawn up by skilled professionals in liaison with main contractors or specialist subcontractors. This site specific working plan includes a comprehensive set of remediation objectives that are agreed with the Regulator appropriate to the site. S/S is a useful technique for treating particular wastes before disposal to landfill and parts of this document may be helpful for those involved with waste treatment. However, the general use of S/S for waste treatment is such a large and complex topic that it is outside the scope of this guidance.

MAGAZINE - Building & Construction Canada Magazine Spring 2011