AS 1012.4-1999 Methods of testing concrete - Determination of air content of freshly mixed concrete

This Standard sets out the method for determining the air content of freshly mixed concrete from observations of the change in volume of the concrete when it is subjected to an increased air pressure (see Note 1). The method provides for compaction of the sample either by rodding or by vibration (see Note 2).
NOTES:
1 This method is intended for use with concretes made with relatively dense natural aggregates for which the aggregate correction factor can be determined satisfactorily by the technique described in Clause 10. It is not recommended for use with concretes made with lightweight aggregates, or aggregates of high porosity (see AS 1012.4.3).
2 The results obtained will be dependent on the compaction method used.
3 This Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The user of this Standard should establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4 Data on the precision of the test method were not available at the time of publication. This information will be included when available.

This Standard sets out the method for determining the air content of freshly mixed concrete from observations of the reduction in air pressure in a chamber above the concrete when the concrete is exposed to the air pressure.
NOTES:
1 This method is intended for use with concretes made with relatively dense natural aggregates for which the aggregate correction factor can be determined satisfactorily by the technique described in Clause 9. It is not recommended for use with concretes made with lightweight aggregates, or aggregates of high porosity (see AS 1012.4.3).
2 The results obtained will be dependent on the compaction method used.
3 This Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The user of this Standard should establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4 Data on the precision of the test method were not available at the time of publication. This information will be included when available.

This Standard sets out the method for determining the air content of freshly mixed concrete using the volumetric method.
This Standard is suitable for concrete made with any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular or lightweight.
NOTES:
1 This Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. The Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. The user of this Standard should establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Data on the precision of the test method were not available at the time of publication. This information will be included when available.

Environmental Management

There has been a steady increase in anthropogenic pressure over the past few years due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and population growth, causing frequent environmental hazards. Threats of global environmental change, such as climate change and sea level rise, will exacerbate such problems. Therefore, appropriate policies and measures are needed for management to address both local and global trends. The book 'Environmental Management' provides a comprehensive and authoritative account of sustainable environmental management of diverse ecotypes, from tropical to temperate. A variety of regional environmental issues with the respective remedial measures has been precisely illustrated. The book provides an excellent text which offers a versatile and in-depth account of management of wide perspectives, e.g. waste management, lake, coastal and water management, high mountain ecosystem as well as viticulture management. We hope that this publication will be a reference document to serve the needs of researchers of various disciplines, policy makers, planners and administrators as well as stakeholders to formulate strategies for sustainable management of emerging environmental issues.

Advances in Composite Materials - Ecodesign and Analysis

By adopting the principles of sustainable design and cleaner production, this important book opens a new challenge in the world of composite materials and explores the achieved advancements of specialists in their respective areas of research and innovation. Contributions coming from both spaces of academia and industry were so diversified that the 28 chapters composing the book have been grouped into the following main parts: sustainable materials and ecodesign aspects, composite materials and curing processes, modelling and testing, strength of adhesive joints, characterization and thermal behaviour, all of which provides an invaluable overview of this fascinating subject area. Results achieved from theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations can help designers, manufacturers and suppliers involved with high-tech composite materials to boost competitiveness and innovation productivity.

Performance Guidelines for Basement Envelope Systems and Materials

Audience
These Guidelines were written primarily for the technical decision-makers in the home building industry. They have been written to appeal to a broad audience, including people involved in the following sectors of the industry:
• home builders and contractors
• materials manufacturers
• codes and standards developers
• warranty agencies
• materials evaluators
• regulators
• building officials
• educators and trainers
Organization
The Guidelines have been organized into six parts:
Part 1 - Performance Requirements for Basements
Part 2 - Basement Envelope System Selection
Part 3 - Selection of Materials and Equipment for the Basement System
Part 4 - Critical Design Details
Part 5 - Quality Assurance
Part 6 - Basement System Cost/Benefit Analysis
The role of the basement envelope is reviewed in Part 1. Our general expectations of what basements are for and how they are expected to perform in what circumstances are laid out – these are the performance objectives of the basement envelope. From these follow the technical performance requirements – the structural requirements, the environmental separation functions, and the qualitative properties of the envelope system: buildability, durability, etc
Part 2 reviews the main construction approaches – the basement envelope systems that can be selected to address the performance requirements. The combination of environmental conditions (inside and out) and occupant expectations, combined with the selected envelope system determines the performance requirements of the materials to be used within the construction system.
Part 3 identifies the roles of the materials within the envelope system and indicates what performance characteristics have to be met by those materials for their given roles.
Part 4 addresses some key detailing issues, and the special requirements put on the design detail and the materials used; e.g., the wall-soil interface, window well detailing, etc.
Part 5 reviews various quality control tools available to the Canadian construction industry. Quality control is an essential element of achieving envelope system performance targets. Its role is to ensure that performance objectives laid out at the design stage are satisfied throughout the production chain: material manufacturing or site forming, assembly and finishing.
Part 6 introduces the concept of cost/benefit analysis as a planning tool for achieving a balance between long-term basement envelope system performance and first cost, for a range of scenarios and locations.